Final Exam Flashcards
The Ergon Argument (Aristotle)
Human good is the activity of the rational part of the human soul on the basis of virtue and if there are more virtues than one, on the basis of the best and most end-like and moreover in complete life
Virtues of Thought (Aristotle)
Theoretical wisdom and practical wisdom
Process (Aristotle)
Complete when you’re done
Activity (Aristotle)
Doesn’t need to be completed
Voluntary action (Aristotle)
Not caused by force or ignorance and the principle of the action is in the agent
Happiness (Aristotle)
Part of the soul that expresses virtue
Virtue of Character (Aristotle)
Justice, bravery, moderation, etc.
Moderate (Aristotle)
Right amount of food, drink, and sex
Highest Good (Aristotle)
Happiness
Study (Aristotle)
Most god-like activity
The more someone studies the happier they are
Four Causes (of Statue of Hermes) (Aristotle)
Formal (shape of Hermes)
Material (bronze)
Moving (sculptor’s knowledge of the art of sculpture)
Final (beauty, something to look at, ornamentation)
Universal (Aristotle)
Reason, memory
Ignorance of the universal makes you blameworthy
(All men are mortal, sweet foods are bad)
Particular (Aristotle)
Perception
Ignorance of the particulars are caused by ignorance
(Socrates is a man, this is a sweet food)
Plato’s Theory of Forms
Nothing is real or concrete
Aristotle’s Theory of Substantial Individuals as Composites of Form and Matter
There is a subject that causes change
Form (Aristotle)
Characteristics that make a thing what it is
Matter (Aristotle)
That which a thing is made of
Nature (Aristotle)
Has written within itself a principle of motion
Growth, decay
Craft (Aristotle)
Has no innate impulse to change, change is put there by the craftsman
Prime Mover (Aristotle)
Always essentially active
No matter to make it inactive
Perfect, immovable
God
Second Movers (Aristotle)
Heavens
Trying to imitate the prime mover
Final Cause for Animals (Aristotle)
Survive and reproduce
Final Cause for Humans (Aristotle)
Happiness, reason
Spirit (Socrates)
Anger, shame, honor, etc.
Reason (Socrates)
Calculating, thinking ahead
Appetite (Socrates)
What is wanted now, thirst, sexual drive
Cardinal Virtues (Socrates)
Wisdom, courage/bravery, moderation/temperance, justice
Finest Good (Socrates)
Justice
Knowledge(Socrates)
Set over what is
Being
Forms
Opinion (Socrates)
Set over what is and is not
Becoming
Sensible world
Ignorance (Socrates)
Set over what is not
Not being
Nothing
Tripartition Argument (Socrates)
Three parts in the soul: reason, spirit, and appetite
Principle of Opposites (Socrates)
You can’t do two things that are opposite at the same time, respect, or relation
Final Argument (Socrates)
Things are _____ because of the Form of _____
Forms are never mixed with their opposite
Form of Life cannot be destoyed, flees from the body at death
The Soul (Socrates)
The soul necessarily brings the Form of Life
Epistemic Argument (Socrates)
Reality is eternal, unchangeable, and immaterial
Learning is recollecting what you already know
Cyclical Argument (Socrates)
Anything that comes to be comes from its opposite
Soul comes from the dead
