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Nursing 251 > final exam > Flashcards

final exam Flashcards

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1
Q

what’s the order of assessment for the abdomen?

A

inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation

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2
Q

what, in general, are you palpating for?

A

palpating for any masses. locate the shape,tenderness,size,motility etc

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3
Q

how do palpate for appendicitis? what is the procedure called?

A

you perform McBurney’s sign. (rebound tenderness) palpate RLQ, and ask if patient feels pain after hand is removed.

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4
Q

how do you palpate for the gallbladder? what’s the procedure called?

A

you perform Murphy’s sign. have the client breathe in, and place hand below costal margin on right at MCL. Have the client breathe in. assess whether or not patient stops breathing. repeat on both sides. Should be negative

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5
Q

what are the various bowel sounds auscultated?

A

normal, borborygmi, hyperactive, hypoactive, absent

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6
Q

what causes the bowel sound, borborigmy/hyperactive?

A

increased motility, diarrhea, laxative, hunger, gastroenteritis

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7
Q

what causes bowel sound, hypoactive?

A

decreased motility, inflammation with peritonitis, abdominal surgery,

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8
Q

what causes bowel sound, absent?

A

post-op with general anesthesia

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9
Q

what should be heard with percussion?

A

tympany in stomach and intestines; dullness over liver and spleen

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10
Q

how do you percuss the liver borders?

A

start below the umbilicus, percuss towards the liver. determine lower border by the MCL. determine upper border 5th ICS MCL. percuss for resonance

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11
Q

how do you percuss/palpate for ascitis?

A

fluid wave maneuver. Patient places edges of hands firmyl at midline of body. you tap thighs sharply, and feel transmission of wave on opposite thigh

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12
Q

what is the abdominal problem,and what does it indicate: Cullen’s?

A

echymossis around umbilicus, internal bleeding

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13
Q

what’s Grey Turner, and what does it indicate?

A

echymossis of thighs-internal bleeding

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14
Q

What’s Kehr’s, and what does it indicate?

A

abdominal pain radiating to the left shoulder-spleen problems

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15
Q

what’s Mcburney’s sign, what does it indicate?

A

rebound tenderness in RLQ, it indicates appendicitis

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16
Q

What’s Murphy’s sign, and what does it indicate?

A

abrupt stopping of breathing when palpating RUQ-gallbladder problems

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17
Q

What is the difference between fibrocystic disease and breast cancer?

A

Fibrocystic disease is benign tissue growth, and breast cancer is malignant mass due to constant replication of oncogenic cells

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18
Q

what’s varicocele?

A

dilation of veins in spermatic cord

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19
Q

what’s spermatocele?

A

sperm-filled cystic mass

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20
Q

what’s orchitis?

A

inflammation of the testis

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21
Q

hypospadias?

A

urethral meatus under glans

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22
Q

epispadias?

A

urethral meatus on top of glans

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23
Q

hydrocele?

A

serous fluid accumulation in scrotum

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24
Q

small, firm, non-tender nodule on testes

A

testicular tumor

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25
Q

cystocele

A

female- bulging of anterior vaginal wall

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26
Q

rectocele

A

bulging of posterior vaginal wall

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27
Q

what is Bartholin gland infection?

A

acute-tense,hot, cyst may produce cyst. chronic- swollen ring around the mucosa

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28
Q

example of facilitation for interview

A

cueing patient to go on “go on,Im listening

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29
Q

reflection, part of interview, give example

A

echo their words, rephrase

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30
Q

this ethnicity: avoids eye contact, folk medicine is practiced, may use jargons/slangs

A

african american

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31
Q

this ethnicity:illness is a sign of imbalance of hot/cold. modest

A

latin americans

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32
Q

shockwave produced as blood is pumped through vessel walls

A

pulse

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33
Q

pressure in arteries when ventricles contract

A

systolic pressure

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34
Q

pressure in arteries when ventricles relax

A

diastolic pressure

35
Q

what are the characteristics for a pain assessment?

A

COLDSPA

36
Q

what’s cutaneous pain?

A

superficial/localized

37
Q

what’s deep somatic pain?

A

deeper, muscle, joint pain

38
Q

what’s visceral pain?

A

from visceral organs

39
Q

what’s referred pain?

A

pain in area where removed removed tissue, usually along dermatomes

40
Q

secondary lesion, loss of superficial skin

A

erosion

41
Q

secondary lesion, loss of deeper skin

A

ulcer

42
Q

amblyopia?

A

lazy eye

43
Q

uncoordinated eyes

A

strabismus

44
Q

farsightedness

A

hyperopia

45
Q

slight muscle weakness

A

phoria

46
Q

funnel chest, sunken chest?

A

pectus excavatum

47
Q

pigeon chest?

A

pectus carinatum

48
Q

where are the normal breath sounds best heard?

A

bronchial-anteriior,trachea
bronchovesicular-airways in posterior (middle)
vesicular- lungs, far right and far left

49
Q

crackling/grating sound heard during inspiration/expiration

A

friction rub

50
Q

what does ronchi tell you?

A

if mucous in airways or airways narrowed

51
Q

sibilant roncchi sound?

A

high pitched, wheezy sound

52
Q

sonorous ronchi sound?

A

low pitched, snoring

53
Q

2nd intercostal space, right of sternum

A

aortic

54
Q

2nd ICS, left of sternum

A

Pulmonic

55
Q

3rd ICS, left of sternum

A

Erb’s point

56
Q

5th ICS, medial to MCL

A

mitral

57
Q

5th ICS, left of sternum

A

tricuspid

58
Q

what is the grading system for musculoskeletal system?

A

0-5. 5 is normal

59
Q

systemic autoimmune disease which affects all joints and generalized symptomology. Painful swelling of proximal interpharangeal joints, swan neck deformities

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

60
Q

degenerative joint disorders due to wear and tear; hard, nontender nodules grow over bones. heberden nodes and bouchard nodes

A

osteoarthritis

61
Q

how do you perform tinel’s sign?

A

tap median nerve at wrist, positive sign is tingling sensation down the nerve.

62
Q

how do you perform the phalen’s sign?

A

palmar flexion for 1 minute, positive finding is numbness in fingers, and palm

63
Q

lateral deviation of the spine; downward slant of the thoracic cage on affected side

A

scoliosis

64
Q

sway back; extension deformity of the spine; seen in pregnant women

A

lordosis

65
Q

flexion deformity of the spine; hump back

A

kyphosis

66
Q

how do you perform lasegue’s test?

A

test with straight leg test. dorsiflexion of foot increases pain. flexion of knee lowers pain

67
Q

what are the pairings of the CN’s?

A

1,2,346,57,8,9-10-12,11

68
Q

what’s included in CN 5 test?

A

light touch, sharp/dull discrimination, blink reflex

69
Q

what’s included in the CN 7 test?

A

puff out cheeks, TMJ strength, puff cheeks, raise eyebrows, frown, smile showing teeth, resist opening tighty closed eyes

70
Q

what’s included in CN 8 test?

A

auditory, whisper test, webber test for lateralization, rinne test AC>BC, and romberg (balance)

71
Q

what’s included in 9,10,and 12 test

A

stick out tongue, rise of pharynx, and uvula with phonation, elicit gag reflex

72
Q

what does the cerebellum function test?

A

balance and coordination

73
Q

explaining meaning of common proverbs

A

abstraction

74
Q

what are the three tests for meningeal signs?

A

Kernig,Brudzinski, and Babinski

75
Q

how do you perform Kernig’s sign?

A

lie down flat, raise leg. should feel no pain

76
Q

how do you perform Brudzinski’s sign?

A

one hand under neck and other on chest, flex chin on chest.

77
Q

what’s an abnormal sign of Babinski’s?

A

fanning of toes

78
Q

what’s the glascow coma scale

A

scale that describes level of consciousness by a numeric value. Part of the scale include eye opening response, motor response, and verbal response. 3-15, with 15 being the best

79
Q

what are the discriminative senses test

A

steriognosis, graphesthesia, two point discrimination, point location, proprioception, extinction,

80
Q

what’s stereognosis?

A

place familiar object in hand,have patient identify it

81
Q

what’s proprioception

A

move finger up then down and up and down. closed eyes of patient. have patient tell which

82
Q

what’s two point discrimination?

A

use two points close to on another. ask patients how many points they feel

83
Q

what’s graphesthesia?

A

draw a number on patient’s hand.

84
Q

what’s extinction?

A

touch patient simultaneously on both sides, ask where he feels it

Nursing 251 (4 decks)

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