final exam

Question 1

what’s the order of assessment for the abdomen?

Answer 1

inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation

Question 2

what, in general, are you palpating for?

Answer 2

palpating for any masses. locate the shape,tenderness,size,motility etc

Question 3

how do palpate for appendicitis? what is the procedure called?

Answer 3

you perform McBurney’s sign. (rebound tenderness) palpate RLQ, and ask if patient feels pain after hand is removed.

Question 4

how do you palpate for the gallbladder? what’s the procedure called?

Answer 4

you perform Murphy’s sign. have the client breathe in, and place hand below costal margin on right at MCL. Have the client breathe in. assess whether or not patient stops breathing. repeat on both sides. Should be negative

Question 5

what are the various bowel sounds auscultated?

Answer 5

normal, borborygmi, hyperactive, hypoactive, absent

Question 6

what causes the bowel sound, borborigmy/hyperactive?

Answer 6

increased motility, diarrhea, laxative, hunger, gastroenteritis

Question 7

what causes bowel sound, hypoactive?

Answer 7

decreased motility, inflammation with peritonitis, abdominal surgery,

Question 8

what causes bowel sound, absent?

Answer 8

post-op with general anesthesia

Question 9

what should be heard with percussion?

Answer 9

tympany in stomach and intestines; dullness over liver and spleen

Question 10

how do you percuss the liver borders?

Answer 10

start below the umbilicus, percuss towards the liver. determine lower border by the MCL. determine upper border 5th ICS MCL. percuss for resonance

Question 11

how do you percuss/palpate for ascitis?

Answer 11

fluid wave maneuver. Patient places edges of hands firmyl at midline of body. you tap thighs sharply, and feel transmission of wave on opposite thigh

Question 12

what is the abdominal problem,and what does it indicate: Cullen’s?

Answer 12

echymossis around umbilicus, internal bleeding

Question 13

what’s Grey Turner, and what does it indicate?

Answer 13

echymossis of thighs-internal bleeding

Question 14

What’s Kehr’s, and what does it indicate?

Answer 14

abdominal pain radiating to the left shoulder-spleen problems

Question 15

what’s Mcburney’s sign, what does it indicate?

Answer 15

rebound tenderness in RLQ, it indicates appendicitis

Question 16

What’s Murphy’s sign, and what does it indicate?

Answer 16

abrupt stopping of breathing when palpating RUQ-gallbladder problems

Question 17

What is the difference between fibrocystic disease and breast cancer?

Answer 17

Fibrocystic disease is benign tissue growth, and breast cancer is malignant mass due to constant replication of oncogenic cells

Question 18

what’s varicocele?

Answer 18

dilation of veins in spermatic cord

Question 19

what’s spermatocele?

Answer 19

sperm-filled cystic mass

Question 20

what’s orchitis?

Answer 20

inflammation of the testis

Question 21

hypospadias?

Answer 21

urethral meatus under glans

Question 22

epispadias?

Answer 22

urethral meatus on top of glans

Question 23

hydrocele?

Answer 23

serous fluid accumulation in scrotum

Question 24

small, firm, non-tender nodule on testes

Answer 24

testicular tumor

Question 25

cystocele

Answer 25

female- bulging of anterior vaginal wall

Question 26

rectocele

Answer 26

bulging of posterior vaginal wall

Question 27

what is Bartholin gland infection?

Answer 27

acute-tense,hot, cyst may produce cyst. chronic- swollen ring around the mucosa

Question 28

example of facilitation for interview

Answer 28

cueing patient to go on "go on,Im listening

Question 29

reflection, part of interview, give example

Answer 29

echo their words, rephrase

Question 30

this ethnicity: avoids eye contact, folk medicine is practiced, may use jargons/slangs

Answer 30

african american

Question 31

this ethnicity:illness is a sign of imbalance of hot/cold. modest

Answer 31

latin americans

Question 32

shockwave produced as blood is pumped through vessel walls

Answer 32

pulse

Question 33

pressure in arteries when ventricles contract

Answer 33

systolic pressure

Question 34

pressure in arteries when ventricles relax

Answer 34

diastolic pressure

Question 35

what are the characteristics for a pain assessment?

Answer 35

COLDSPA

Question 36

what's cutaneous pain?

Answer 36

superficial/localized

Question 37

what's deep somatic pain?

Answer 37

deeper, muscle, joint pain

Question 38

what's visceral pain?

Answer 38

from visceral organs

Question 39

what's referred pain?

Answer 39

pain in area where removed removed tissue, usually along dermatomes

Question 40

secondary lesion, loss of superficial skin

Answer 40

erosion

Question 41

secondary lesion, loss of deeper skin

Answer 41

ulcer

Question 42

amblyopia?

Answer 42

lazy eye

Question 43

uncoordinated eyes

Answer 43

strabismus

Question 44

farsightedness

Answer 44

hyperopia

Question 45

slight muscle weakness

Answer 45

phoria

Question 46

funnel chest, sunken chest?

Answer 46

pectus excavatum

Question 47

pigeon chest?

Answer 47

pectus carinatum

Question 48

where are the normal breath sounds best heard?

Answer 48

bronchial-anteriior,trachea bronchovesicular-airways in posterior (middle) vesicular- lungs, far right and far left

Question 49

crackling/grating sound heard during inspiration/expiration

Answer 49

friction rub

Question 50

what does ronchi tell you?

Answer 50

if mucous in airways or airways narrowed

Question 51

sibilant roncchi sound?

Answer 51

high pitched, wheezy sound

Question 52

sonorous ronchi sound?

Answer 52

low pitched, snoring

Question 53

2nd intercostal space, right of sternum

Answer 53

aortic

Question 54

2nd ICS, left of sternum

Answer 54

Pulmonic

Question 55

3rd ICS, left of sternum

Answer 55

Erb's point

Question 56

5th ICS, medial to MCL

Answer 56

mitral

Question 57

5th ICS, left of sternum

Answer 57

tricuspid

Question 58

what is the grading system for musculoskeletal system?

Answer 58

0-5. 5 is normal

Question 59

systemic autoimmune disease which affects all joints and generalized symptomology. Painful swelling of proximal interpharangeal joints, swan neck deformities

Answer 59

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 60

degenerative joint disorders due to wear and tear; hard, nontender nodules grow over bones. heberden nodes and bouchard nodes

Answer 60

osteoarthritis

Question 61

how do you perform tinel's sign?

Answer 61

tap median nerve at wrist, positive sign is tingling sensation down the nerve.

Question 62

how do you perform the phalen's sign?

Answer 62

palmar flexion for 1 minute, positive finding is numbness in fingers, and palm

Question 63

lateral deviation of the spine; downward slant of the thoracic cage on affected side

Answer 63

scoliosis

Question 64

sway back; extension deformity of the spine; seen in pregnant women

Answer 64

lordosis

Question 65

flexion deformity of the spine; hump back

Answer 65

kyphosis

Question 66

how do you perform lasegue's test?

Answer 66

test with straight leg test. dorsiflexion of foot increases pain. flexion of knee lowers pain

Question 67

what are the pairings of the CN's?

Answer 67

1,2,346,57,8,9-10-12,11

Question 68

what's included in CN 5 test?

Answer 68

light touch, sharp/dull discrimination, blink reflex

Question 69

what's included in the CN 7 test?

Answer 69

puff out cheeks, TMJ strength, puff cheeks, raise eyebrows, frown, smile showing teeth, resist opening tighty closed eyes

Question 70

what's included in CN 8 test?

Answer 70

auditory, whisper test, webber test for lateralization, rinne test AC>BC, and romberg (balance)

Question 71

what's included in 9,10,and 12 test

Answer 71

stick out tongue, rise of pharynx, and uvula with phonation, elicit gag reflex

Question 72

what does the cerebellum function test?

Answer 72

balance and coordination

Question 73

explaining meaning of common proverbs

Answer 73

abstraction

Question 74

what are the three tests for meningeal signs?

Answer 74

Kernig,Brudzinski, and Babinski

Question 75

how do you perform Kernig's sign?

Answer 75

lie down flat, raise leg. should feel no pain

Question 76

how do you perform Brudzinski's sign?

Answer 76

one hand under neck and other on chest, flex chin on chest.

Question 77

what's an abnormal sign of Babinski's?

Answer 77

fanning of toes

Question 78

what's the glascow coma scale

Answer 78

scale that describes level of consciousness by a numeric value. Part of the scale include eye opening response, motor response, and verbal response. 3-15, with 15 being the best

Question 79

what are the discriminative senses test

Answer 79

steriognosis, graphesthesia, two point discrimination, point location, proprioception, extinction,

Question 80

what's stereognosis?

Answer 80

place familiar object in hand,have patient identify it

Question 81

what's proprioception

Answer 81

move finger up then down and up and down. closed eyes of patient. have patient tell which

Question 82

what's two point discrimination?

Answer 82

use two points close to on another. ask patients how many points they feel

Question 83

what's graphesthesia?

Answer 83

draw a number on patient's hand.

Question 84

what's extinction?

Answer 84

touch patient simultaneously on both sides, ask where he feels it