Final Exam Flashcards
Tool Box Steps
Identify Problem Plan a baseline Specify goals and objectives Plan intervention Monitor and Modify program Terminate program
3 Problem types
Information problem-do they know how it was
Skill problem- do they know how to do it correctly
Management problem- do they try to use the information and skills they have
Feedback definition
the process by which information comes back to you telling you how what you have just said/did was received
Can be verbal or non verbal
Why is feedback important?
it tell us how to do a task or how to adjust so that the task can be completed correctly
A behavior can be….. 3
seen, observed, and counted
Baseline definition
the process of observing and evaluating behavior before any training
What does the baseline do?
tells you in NUMBERS what a person can and cannot do.
Data definition
the numbers generated by counting behavior
A reward must be 3/4
Tabgible- can see it
Social- activity with others
Physical stimulation
Money
Give reward definiton
Do something good, get a reward
Give punishment definition
Do something bad, something bad is given
Take punishment definition
Do something good, something bad is taken away
Avoidance definition
Do something good, something bad is avoided
Cue definition
Something that happens before a behavior that cues that behavior
Behavior definition
any observation and measurable action that follows a cue
Consequence definition
immediately follows a behavior, feedback
Shaping definition
reinforcing a small part of a behavior excluding or ignoring all other parts of the behavior. includes rewards
Fading definition
the gradual change from continuous reinforcement schedule to an intermittent reinforcement (reward)
Chaining definition
the linking together of the small segments of behavior
Modeling definition
people learn by observation and imitation of models. It is found that those who frequently give reinforcement are more likely to be imitated than those who do not give reinforcement.
Four ways to define normality
Cultural
statistical
Medically/Psychologically
Mental Health experts define it as 11 things
Define cultural normality
based on societies goals
Define statistically normal
what the average person does
Define medically normal
absence of pathology
Define psychologically normal
absence of classifiable behavior scheme
Define Tolerance level
as mutes your body can tolerate for as long as you can tolerate it, length of time in pain
Pain definition
psychological sensation elicited in response to stimulus that induces body damage, tissue destruction or disordered functioning
Three things to assume in treating pain 3
must be a cause
cause can be eliminated
with elimination of cause complaint of pain will cease
Three realizations about pain 3
- pain is subject to the individual, no two people react to pain in the same way
- Lay people have no clear definition of pain
- The more information a patient has the better they can manage pain
The response to stimuli (pain) is influenced by 2
cultural factors
amount of attention received if injured
Pain tolerance affected by
anxiety and depression
Two types of pain
acute and chronic
Three strategies that health care providers can use to help patients manage pain 3
distraction
get ahead of the pain
expectations about the pain
Tools used to manage/control pain 5
medication belief structures- yourself, life, God bio feedback- medical tests to see condition hypnosis surgery
6 characteristics of problematic pain patients
been in pain for months, no improvements been to many doctors no relief history of pain complaints they suggest what they need for pain manipulate or guilt you to helping them
Anxiety definition
nervous state. A disturbed affect that is intensely negative
Fear definition
anxiety or negative feeling toward event, situation, person
Phobia definition
irrational over reaction to a stimulus or situation
Neurosis definition
tendency to be anxious and fearful
When presented with a possibility for action a person can either accept the possibility as good or reject it. If it is rejected the person is non involved. If accepted as good 3 factors are introduced to produce anxiety
- external source- fire
- internal source- believe
- two more goals of equal importance- most serious
When does neurosis start?
formative years of childhood
Define ID
impulse
Define Super Ego
conscience
Define Ego
rationalized ID and Super Ego, utilizes defense mechanisms
The stages of psycho social development are_____ and _____.
patterned and predictable
Typical behavior for 100 children
25 have previously accomplished
50 are exhibiting trait
25 have not progressed this far
Newborn
- stage of development
- expresses
- completely
- learns about
- leans by
- Sensory motor
- fear, anger joy
- egocentric
- conformity (obedience)
- testing boundaries of environment
Two year old
- stage of development
- attention span
- rather than
- prefer to
- dependence
- sensory motor beginning of pre-operational
- short
- watch than participate
- solitary play
- on mother
Three year old
- stage of development
- dependence
- fear
- understanding
- tries to
- pre-operational
- semi independent
- strangers
- words
- please and conform
Four year old
- stage of development
- dependence
- stage
- deposition
- enjoy
- fear
- pre-conception of pre-operational
- more independent
- how and why
- talks a lot and in high gear
- playmates
- peak fears
Five and Six
- stage of development
- able to
- fear
- intuitive of pre-operational
- evaluate
- fears decline
Eight through 11
- stage
- definition
- concrete operations
- rule governed. authority says is law
Twelve and above
- stage
- definition
- formal operations
- place needs of others before one’s self
Stages of pre-operational
ages
definitions
pre-conceptional 2- children think in action and motion
intuitive 5-7- talk like adults but do not reason like them. can not transform concepts
Organization definiton
stage of Paget where small children learn by placing things in their mouth
Adaptation definition
people adapt to the environment via
assimilation: compare what one sees to what one knows
accommodation: if experience does not fit previous experience build a new format
According to Paget when is the foundation for the rest of development laid down?
first two years during sensory motor development
