Final Exam Flashcards by Spencer Gross

Tool Box Steps

Identify Problem
Plan a baseline
Specify goals and objectives
Plan intervention 
Monitor and Modify program 
Terminate program

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3 Problem types

Information problem-do they know how it was
Skill problem- do they know how to do it correctly
Management problem- do they try to use the information and skills they have

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Feedback definition

the process by which information comes back to you telling you how what you have just said/did was received
Can be verbal or non verbal

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Why is feedback important?

it tell us how to do a task or how to adjust so that the task can be completed correctly

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A behavior can be….. 3

seen, observed, and counted

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Baseline definition

the process of observing and evaluating behavior before any training

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What does the baseline do?

tells you in NUMBERS what a person can and cannot do.

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Data definition

the numbers generated by counting behavior

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A reward must be 3/4

Tabgible- can see it
Social- activity with others
Physical stimulation
Money

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Give reward definiton

Do something good, get a reward

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Give punishment definition

Do something bad, something bad is given

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Take punishment definition

Do something good, something bad is taken away

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Avoidance definition

Do something good, something bad is avoided

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Cue definition

Something that happens before a behavior that cues that behavior

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Behavior definition

any observation and measurable action that follows a cue

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Consequence definition

immediately follows a behavior, feedback

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Shaping definition

reinforcing a small part of a behavior excluding or ignoring all other parts of the behavior. includes rewards

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Fading definition

the gradual change from continuous reinforcement schedule to an intermittent reinforcement (reward)

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Chaining definition

the linking together of the small segments of behavior

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Modeling definition

people learn by observation and imitation of models. It is found that those who frequently give reinforcement are more likely to be imitated than those who do not give reinforcement.

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Four ways to define normality

Cultural
statistical
Medically/Psychologically
Mental Health experts define it as 11 things

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Define cultural normality

based on societies goals

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Define statistically normal

what the average person does

Define medically normal

absence of pathology

Define psychologically normal

absence of classifiable behavior scheme

Define Tolerance level

as mutes your body can tolerate for as long as you can tolerate it, length of time in pain

Pain definition

psychological sensation elicited in response to stimulus that induces body damage, tissue destruction or disordered functioning

Three things to assume in treating pain 3

must be a cause cause can be eliminated with elimination of cause complaint of pain will cease

Three realizations about pain 3

1. pain is subject to the individual, no two people react to pain in the same way 2. Lay people have no clear definition of pain 3. The more information a patient has the better they can manage pain

The response to stimuli (pain) is influenced by 2

cultural factors | amount of attention received if injured

Pain tolerance affected by

anxiety and depression

Two types of pain

acute and chronic

Three strategies that health care providers can use to help patients manage pain 3

distraction get ahead of the pain expectations about the pain

Tools used to manage/control pain 5

``` medication belief structures- yourself, life, God bio feedback- medical tests to see condition hypnosis surgery ```

6 characteristics of problematic pain patients

``` been in pain for months, no improvements been to many doctors no relief history of pain complaints they suggest what they need for pain manipulate or guilt you to helping them ```

Anxiety definition

nervous state. A disturbed affect that is intensely negative

Fear definition

anxiety or negative feeling toward event, situation, person

Phobia definition

irrational over reaction to a stimulus or situation

Neurosis definition

tendency to be anxious and fearful

When presented with a possibility for action a person can either accept the possibility as good or reject it. If it is rejected the person is non involved. If accepted as good 3 factors are introduced to produce anxiety

1. external source- fire 2. internal source- believe 3. two more goals of equal importance- most serious

When does neurosis start?

formative years of childhood

Define ID

impulse

Define Super Ego

conscience

Define Ego

rationalized ID and Super Ego, utilizes defense mechanisms

The stages of psycho social development are_____ and _____.

patterned and predictable

Typical behavior for 100 children

25 have previously accomplished 50 are exhibiting trait 25 have not progressed this far

Newborn - stage of development - expresses - completely - learns about - leans by

- Sensory motor - fear, anger joy - egocentric - conformity (obedience) - testing boundaries of environment

Two year old - stage of development - attention span - rather than - prefer to - dependence

- sensory motor beginning of pre-operational - short - watch than participate - solitary play - on mother

Three year old - stage of development - dependence - fear - understanding - tries to

- pre-operational - semi independent - strangers - words - please and conform

Four year old - stage of development - dependence - stage - deposition - enjoy - fear

- pre-conception of pre-operational - more independent - how and why - talks a lot and in high gear - playmates - peak fears

Five and Six - stage of development - able to - fear

- intuitive of pre-operational - evaluate - fears decline

Eight through 11 - stage - definition

- concrete operations | - rule governed. authority says is law

Twelve and above - stage - definition

- formal operations | - place needs of others before one's self

Stages of pre-operational ages definitions

pre-conceptional 2- children think in action and motion | intuitive 5-7- talk like adults but do not reason like them. can not transform concepts

Organization definiton

stage of Paget where small children learn by placing things in their mouth

Adaptation definition

people adapt to the environment via assimilation: compare what one sees to what one knows accommodation: if experience does not fit previous experience build a new format

According to Paget when is the foundation for the rest of development laid down?

first two years during sensory motor development