Final Exam Flashcards
Who was Timur (Timerlane) (1405)? And what empire did he come along from?
Mongol empire. Imagined himself as a second coming of Genghis Kahn and thought he was destined for world domination. He erected a powerful empire himself in parts of Iran and Central Asia.
Silk Road
A network of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent connecting the West and East by linking traders, merchants, pilgrims, monks, soldiers, nomads, and urban dwellers from China and India to the West.
Who was the Tsar in 1462-1505? Where was he from?
Ivan III who asserted Russian authority during the Mongol downfall. He was from Russia where o Their local elites had been left in place by Mongol Khans.
Who was: A Greek ship’s pilot said to have discovered the seasonal monsoon winds that facilitate sailing across the Indian ocean?
Hippalus
What is a dhow ship? Where did they sail? Grew from _____ tons in 1200 to _____ tons in 1500
The characteristic cargo and passenger ship that sailed the Arabian sea. Grew from 100 tons to 400 tons.
Explain the Bantu Migrations. What is interesting about these migrations?
About 2000 years ago, a slow spread of migrations took place from around Nigeria to the Cameroon border to the south and the east. And people from their came bearing sophisticated technologies like iron and a common language. Interesting because they lent a cultural overlay, giving it a unity that it hadn’t had at this point.
Who was Xuanzang? What did he do? What dynasty was he active in?
A Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, traveller and translator. He described the interaction between China and India in the Tang dynasty
The prophet Muhammad:
1) Grew up as ________
2) What was his “big break”?
3) He became discouraged by his town and turned to what?
1) an orphan
2) when he married an influential woman, an older widow, also a merchant, named Khadija. They worked together and first to convert to new religion.
3) meditation
in 610 CE, what was the jarring vision Muhammad received?
An angel appeared w/ a message calling him to action, calling him a prophet, and giving him some basic things to say and do
What is the beginning of the Qu’ran?
The sum total of God’s communication w/ Mohammad
Did Muhammad believed in polytheism or monotheism?
Monotheism
Muhammad’s followers were eventually called Muslims, meaning what?
Those who submit to God’s authority
In 622 Muhammad immigrated from Mecca to Medina, this became known as what?
Hijra: the journey from Mecca to Medina
The Qur’an is the ____ word of God
Literal
Muslims consider the Qur’an non-______
Translatable
Is the Qur’an considered the Muslim bible? Why or why not?
NO because it is god’s literal word
The Qur’an is organized in ___ chapters and versus called Sura and Aya, and chapters go from ______ to ______
114
longest to shortest
What does Caliph mean? Where was it used?
- successor/delegate
- Used in Islam, the successors to Muhammad
Who formed the Shi’ites and what did they believe? Opposed by what?
- Mucawiya formed the group
- They believed caliphs should stay in Mohammad’s bloodline
- Opposed by Muslim mainstream
What is a “holy war” called in Islam?
Jihad
Who was Harun al-Rashid?
One of the most famous Abassid Caliphs
Who were Muslim slave soldiers that seized authority from their masters and controlled their own state? Who did they halt? What was the result of this?
- Mamluks of Egypt
- Halted Mongols
- Their reputation grew so Cairo became Islam’s first city
What are the 5 pillars of Islam?
1) P
2) P
3) F
4) P
5) G
1) Profession of faith- there is no God but God and Muhammad is his messenger
2) Prayer
3) Fasting
4) Pilgrimage to Mecca
5) Give alms to the poor
Ibn Sina was pioneering in what field? Wrote A Canon of Medicine which was what?
- Medicine
- Textbook on medical biology
What is the Islamic word for Mysticism?
Sufism
Who was Khadija?
Muhammad’s first wife. An influential older widow who was also a merchant.
What is a pseudo-epistolary? What was presented in this form?
- A letter/petition
- Pact of Umar
What is the Pact of Umar?
Created by Umar (2nd of the first rightly guided Caliphs). It Outlines norms and regulations for how non-Muslims (mostly Christians) should behave.
If the Christians follow the restrictions set in the Pact of Umar, what do they get in return?
They get a level of self- governance; they’re left alone
Justinian organized and systematized Roman law into the”____ ___ ____”
Code of Justinian
Justinian was the emperor of what empire?
Byzantine
Justinian was criticized because of his wife’s what? He spent too much money on what projects?
- His wife’s low birth
- Building projects
The battle of Manzikert was just a few decades before what?
The crusades
The battle of Manzikert was between who? Who won?
- Byzantine empire vs the Turks
- Turks won, marking the crumbling of the Byzantine’s eastern defenses
The 4th crusade targeted _________
Constantinople
The 4th crusade involved the fall of Constantinople to who? Stories were told that ______ of the city were relieved
- The Ottomans
- Greeks
Who were the Normans?
They were found from _____ to ______
- Wondering and conquering peoples
- Sicily, Italy to Normandy
Of the Normans, William the conqueror invaded England, which ended whose dominance? What did this add?
- Anglo-Saxon
- Diversity
“Pirenne Thesis” argued what?
-That Muslim invasions from South were important to Europeans history since the Western Europe location was because the Muslims shattered the Mediterranean world the Roman’s created and forced European history into North western corner, cutting it off from more traditional centers in the world
“Without Islam, the Frankish empire would have probably never existed, and Charlemagne without Mohammad would be inconceivable” This is a quote from what?
Pirenne Thesis
With Gutenberg’s printing press, what was the first thing to be printed?
The Bible
With the printing press, more people become _______
Literate
Printing tried hard to look like a _______ manuscript, because that is what people trusted
Handwritten
What is Autarky?
How ____ _____ thought of themselves
- A policy of independence and economic self-sufficiency
- Futile Lords
Charlemagne was an important ruler after the fall of ______
Rome
Charlemagne heard about Harun al-Rashid and sent him a ___ _____ to show what?
- White elephant
- To show he had more power
What was the Petrine Doctrine and who did it refer to?
Refers to apostle Peter who is first bishop of Rome= first pope, so peter was given the keys to kingdom of heaven
Pope Gregory VII (11th century) fell in long standing Investiture Controversy, which was what?
A controversy centered around who has the right to appoint Bishops and Abbots (head of monastery)
What happened in the Concordat of Worms?
The emperor gave the pope the right to appoint bishops, but the emperor gets to say what the appointee can do
What is the difference between eremitic monasticism vs cenobitic monasticism? (Monasticism = monk hood)
Eremitic is more individualized while cenobitic is more communal.
What are Varangians?
Viking descendants who were political elites
Where did Vladimir I rule from?
Kiev
Vladimir I was the decider on which way _______ will go
Religion
What religion did Vladimir I choose?
Orthodox Christianity (from Byzantine empire) • When he converted, his people began to convert
In Western Christianity (~1000CE) there became identifiable in population, agriculture, growing trade, growing cities like_____ and ______
Venice and Ghent
Ghent was associated with _____ and ______ life
Trade and Intellectual
A crusade is a ____ war technically, but the crusades were more like what?
Holy
More like a spiritual journey
