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Intro To Criminal Justice > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is the major demographic group growing within the prison population?

A

Women

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2
Q

True/False

The primary use of jails is to hold someone serving a term of incarceration

A

False

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3
Q
  • Receive individuals pending arraignment and those awaiting trial, conviction or sentencing
  • Detain juveniles, mentally ill, and others pending transfer
  • Release convicted inmate to the community upon completion of their sentence
  • Transfer inmates to, or house inmates for federal, state, or other authorities
  • Operate community-based programs with day reporting, home detention, electronic monitoring or other types of supervision
  • Readmit probation, parole and bail-bond violators and abscoders
A

Uses for jail

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4
Q
  • Applied to federal prisons
  • Established determinate sentencing
  • Abolished parole
  • Reduced good time
A

Sentencing Reform Act of 1984

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5
Q

3 kinds of prison capacity

A

1.) Rated
2,) Operational
3.) Design

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6
Q

Number of inmates a prison can handle according to the judgement of experts

A

Rated capacity

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7
Q

Number of inmates a prison can effectively accommodate based on management considerations

A

Operational capacity

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8
Q

Number of inmates a prison was intended to hold when it was built of modfied

A

Design capacity

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9
Q

What was the actual annual cost of providing for an inmate in California in 2012?

A

$62 at the state level

$77.50 at the federal

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10
Q

The movement toward prisons being operated for state and federal government by private enterprise for profit

A

Privitization

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11
Q

Private prisons hold ____ of all state prisoners

A

8.2%

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12
Q

Private prisons hold ___ of all federal prisoners

A

17.8%

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13
Q

A return to the root purpose of incarceration: punishment

A

Just deserts era

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14
Q

When was the just deserts era?

A

1995-2012

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15
Q

What did the just deserts era limit?

A

Inmates privileges and get tough policies

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16
Q

Pennsylvania System

A

1790

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17
Q

Auburn System

A

1819

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18
Q

Reformatory Movement

A

1877

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19
Q

Industrial Era

A

1890-1935

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20
Q

Punitive Era

A

1935-1945

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21
Q

Treatment Era

A

1945-1967

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22
Q

Community-based treatment era

A

1967-1980

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23
Q

Warehouse Era

A

1980-1995

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24
Q

Built around the need to employ cost-effective solutions to correctional issues

A

Evidence based era 2012-present

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25
Q

A form of imprisonment developed in New York State around 1820 that depended on mass prisons where prisoners were held in congregate fashion and required to remain silent

A

Auburn System

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26
Q

A form of imprisonment developed by the Pennsylvania Quakers around 1790 as an alternative to corporal punishments. This style of imprisonment made use of solitary confinement and encouraged rehabilitation

A

Pennsylvania system

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27
Q

7 forms of historical punishment

A
  1. ) Lex talionis
  2. ) Flogging
  3. ) Mutilation/amputation
  4. ) Branding
  5. ) Public humiliation
  6. ) Exile
  7. ) Workhouses
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28
Q

An eye for an eye

A

Lex talionis

29
Q

A sentence explicitly requiring the the convicted offender to serve a period of confinement in a local, state or federal facility followed by a period of probation

A

Split sentence

30
Q

The practice of sentencing offenders to prison allowing them apply for probationary release and surprisingly permitting such release

A

Shock probation

31
Q

Offenders who receive shock probation may…

A

Not be aware that they will be released on probation and may expect to spend a much longer time behind bars

32
Q

A sentencing option that makes use of “boot camp” type prisons to impress on convicted offender the realities of prison life

A

Shock incarceration

33
Q

A sentencing alternative that requires offenders to spend at least part of their time working for a community agency

A

Community service

34
Q

2 conflicting sets of duties for a probation/parole officers

A
  1. ) Provide social work services

2. ) Handle custodial responsibilities

35
Q

3 challenges of probation/parole officer’s job

A
  1. ) Large caseloads
  2. ) Lack of career mobility
  3. ) Assigned to small geographic area
36
Q

What percentage of persons on probation have their conditions of probation released?

A

20%

37
Q

What percentage of persons on parole have their conditions of parole revoked?

A

21%

38
Q

What percentage of prisoners released from prison in 15 states were rearrested six months after release?

A

30%

39
Q

What percentage of prisoners released from prison in 15 states were rearrested three years?

A

less than 10%

40
Q
  • Lower cost
  • Increased employment
  • Restitution
  • Community support
  • Increased use of community services
  • Increased opportunity for rehabilitation
A

Advantages of probation/parole

41
Q
  • Relative lack of punishment
  • When a convicted offender is released to the community on probation or parole it poses a risk to the community
  • Increased social costs
  • Discriminatory and unequal effects
A

Disadvantages of probation/parole

42
Q

The release of an inmate from prison that is determined by statue or sentencing guidelines and is not decided by a parole board or other authority

A

Mandatory release

43
Q

The release of an inmate from prison to supervision that is decided by a parole board or other authority

A

Discretionary release

44
Q

A state paroling authority, most states have one that decide when an incarcerated offender is ready for conditional release

A

Parole board

45
Q

Officially ordered program-based sanctions that permit convicted offenders to remain in the community under conditional supervision as an alternative to an active prison sentence

A

Community correction

46
Q
  • First passed in California in 1994
  • Require a sentence of 25 years to life for three-time convicted felons
  • Parole consideration is not available until at least 80% of the sentence has been served
  • About half of all states have enacted this
A

3 strikes law

47
Q

A court requirement that an accused or convicted offender pay money or provide services to the victim of the crime or provide services to the community

A

Restitution

48
Q

4 traditional sentencing options

A
  1. ) Fines
  2. ) Probation
  3. ) Imprisonment
  4. ) Death
49
Q

A report designed to help the judge decide on the appropriate sentence within the limits established by law

A

Pre-sentence investigation report

50
Q

The use of court-ordered community service, home detention, day reporting, drug treatment, psychological counseling, victim-offender programming or intensive super vision in lieu of other more traditional sanctions such as imprisonment and fines

A

Alternative sentencing

51
Q

A structured sentencing scheme that allows no leeway in the nature of the sentence required and under which clearly enumerated punishments are mandated for specific offenses or for habitual offenders convicted of a series of crimes

A

Mandatory sentencing

52
Q

2 kinds of sentencing guidelines

A
  1. ) Aggravating circumstances

2. ) Mitigating circumstances

53
Q
  • Make the crime more grave than the average instance of that crime
  • Call for a tougher sentence
A

Aggravating circumstances

54
Q
  • May be considered to reduce the blameworthiness of the defendant
  • Call for a lesser sentence
A

Mitigating circumstances

55
Q

A model of criminal punishment in which an offender is given a fixed term of imprisonment that may be reduced by good time or gain time

A

Determinate sentencing

56
Q

A model of criminal punishment that encourages rehabilitation through the use of general and relatively unspecific sentences

A

Indeterminate sentencing

57
Q

A goal of criminal sentencing that seeks to prevent others from committing crimes similar to the one for which a particular offender is being sentenced by making an example of the person sentenced

A

General deterrence

58
Q

A goal of criminal sentencing that seeks to prevent a particular offender from engaging in repeat criminality

A

Specific deterrence

59
Q

5 goals of sentencing

A
  1. ) Retribution
  2. ) Rehabilitation
  3. ) Deterrence
  4. ) Incapacitation
  5. ) Restoration
60
Q

The act of taking revenge on a perpetrator

A

Retribution

61
Q

Criminals can be cured of the criminality and can be returned to society

A

Rehabilitation

62
Q

Seeks to inhibit criminal behavior by fear of punishment

A

Deterrence

63
Q

The only way to prevent criminals from re-offending is to remove them from society

A

Incapacitation

64
Q

Attempts to make the victim whole again to address damage to the victim and community

A

Restoration

65
Q

Which case is associated with the exclusionary rule?

A

Weeks v. US

66
Q

Which case is associated with the Fruit of the Poisonous tree doctrine?

A

Silverthorne Lumber Co. v. US

67
Q

Which case addresses the exclusionary rule and state law enforcement?

A

Mapp v. Ohio

68
Q

Good faith exception to the exclusionary rule is dealt with in which case?

A

US V. Leon

69
Q

Which case established that a probation officer could search an offender’s premises without a warrant?

A

Griffin v. Wisconsin

Intro To Criminal Justice (8 decks)

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