Final Exam

Question 1

Noun

Answer 1

Person, place, thing, or idea

Question 2

Proper noun

Answer 2

Specific noun, capitalized.

Example: Bob, France, Madison Square Garden

Question 3

Common noun:

Answer 3

Tiger, person, freedom

Question 4

Nouns as subjects:

Answer 4

Doer or be-er of an action in a sentence (most of the time)

Example: John loves Mary

Question 5

Nouns as objects:

Answer 5

Receiver of beneficiary of an action.
Can be direct: “John hits the ball”
Can be indirect: “John gave Bob the letter or, John gave the letter to Bob.

Question 6

Collective nouns

Answer 6

Nouns as individuals who act like a group. They are represented as a singular entity.
Example:
Team, jury, family, etc.
They will take singular verbs and pronouns

Question 7

Noun Agreement

Answer 7

Words and structures of a sentence have to agree with other words/structures of the sentence. Includes verb agreement, pronoun agreement, etc.
Example:
John and Mary want to become astronauts.
Different kinds of elements have different atomic masses.
Through the championship run of 1994, Mark Messier and Brian Leetch carried the team during the season with their stellar offensive play and became the leaders of the hockey club.

Question 8

Verb

Answer 8

The doing or being of a sentence; the action; what is happening.

Question 9

Transitive verb:

Answer 9

Must take direct object.

Ex: John carried the box to the store.

Question 10

Intransitive verb:

Answer 10

Doesn’t take direct object.

Example: John runs—to the store.

Question 11

Finite verb:

Answer 11

Main verb of a sentence; conjugated singular of plural with tense.
Ex: Walks, are, bought, had.

They are conjugated or they have endings depending on whether the subject is singular is singular/plural and the tense of the action.
Ex: I walk. We walk. They walk. He/she/it walks.

Question 12

Non-finite verb:

Answer 12

Can’t stand as main verbs; also known as “verbals.”

Ex: gerunds, infinitives, participles

Question 13

Subject verb agreement

Answer 13

A subject and verb must agree in number (singular or plural) in the present tense. Remember that singular verbs end in -s, and plural verbs do not end in -s. Plural nouns, however, end in -s, while singular nouns do not end in -s.
Ex: The boys talk. The boy talks
John walks to the store.
John and Mary walk to the store.
John or the boys steal the money. John or the boy steals the money.
Neither the boys nor John steals the money.
The theory is exciting. The theory about the birth and death of stars is exciting.
The team wins the game.
Everybody likes to eat.
There are three kinds of people.
My baby brother, who always got bad grades, is in detention today.

Question 14

Verb Tense

Answer 14

Tense errors are a kind of agreement error.

Question 15

Preposition

Answer 15

Words that show time/space relationships between nouns or tell us the conditions under which something happens.
Ex. Of, on, about, etc.

Question 16

Prepositional phrases:

Answer 16

Must be followed by nouns and will not contain main verbs, or the subject.
Ex: I walked under the ladder near the side of the house. (Under, near, and of)

Question 17

Prepositions as Subordinates:

Answer 17

Can start a dependent clause (contains main verb)
Ex:
After John left the house, he ran into his buddy Gregory.

Question 18

Idioms

Answer 18

Certain word combinations, constructions, etc are “idiomatic” while others are not.
Ex:
Prepositional idioms (most common): Listen to, preoccupied with, capable of.
Verb forms: Decided to compete, suggested building (not “to build”)
Word pairs (Correlative conjunctions): Not only…but also, Neither…nor.

There are no rules or reasons why an idiom is the way it is. They are expressions and phrasings that come along with the English language and simply must be learned as you speak, read, write, and listen.

Question 19

Different kinds of Nouns

Answer 19

Proper noun

Common noun