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Psych and Mental Health > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

define amnesia

A

the inability to recall past events

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2
Q

define abulia

A

A lack of will or motivation which is often expressed as inability to make decisions or set goals.

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3
Q

define affect

A

Affect is a fairly general term for feelings, emotions, or moods

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4
Q

define agitation

A

Excessive motor activity that accompanies and is associated with a feeling of inner tension

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5
Q

define Akathisia

A

Complaints of restlessness accompanied by movements such as fidgeting of the legs, rocking from foot to foot, pacing, or inability to sit or stand.

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6
Q

define akinesia

A

A state of motor inhibition or reduced voluntary movement

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7
Q

define akinetic mutism

A

A state of apparent alertness with following eye movements but no speech or voluntary motor responses.

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8
Q

define alexia

A

Loss of a previously intact ability to grasp the meaning of written or printed words and sentences.

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9
Q

define anxiety

A

The apprehensive anticipation of future danger or misfortune accompanied by a feeling of dysphoria or somatic symptoms of tension.

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10
Q

define apathy

A

Lack of feeling, emotion, interest, or concern

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11
Q

define ambivalence

A

The coexistence of contradictory emotions, attitudes, ideas, or desires with respect to a particular person, object, or situation

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12
Q

define antisocial behavior

A

hostility toward society or the established values of society.

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13
Q

define anhedonia

A

The inability to experience pleasure

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14
Q

define bizarre delusion

A

A delusion that involves a phenomenon that the person’s culture would regard as totally implausible

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15
Q

define blocking

A

A sudden obstruction or interruption in spontaneous flow of thinking or speaking, perceived as an absence or deprivation of thought.

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16
Q

define body image

A

One’s sense of the self and one’s body.

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17
Q

define catharsis

A

is an emotional release.

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18
Q

define clanging

A

A type of thinking in which the sound of a word, rather than its meaning, gives the direction to subsequent associations. “Money, funny, sunny, sunny, honey…”

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19
Q

define clang association

A

the association of words by sound rather than meaning, after resulting in nonsensical rhymes and puns

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20
Q

define comorbidity

A

The simultaneous appearance of two or more illnesses, such as the co-occurrence of schizophrenia and substance abuse or of alcohol dependence and depression.

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21
Q

define compensation

A

A defense mechanism by which one attempts to make up for real or fancied deficiencies.

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22
Q

define compulsion

A

Repetitive ritualistic behavior such as hand washing or ordering or a mental act such as praying or repeating words silently that aims to prevent or reduce distress or prevent some dreaded event or situation

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23
Q

define concrete thinking

A

Thinking characterized by immediate experience, rather than abstractions.

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24
Q

define confabulation

A

Fabrication of stories in response to questions about situations or events that are not recalled.

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25
Q

define delusion

A

A false belief based on incorrect inference about external reality that is firmly sustained despite what almost everyone else believes and despite what constitutes incontrovertible and obvious proof or evidence to the contrary.

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26
Q

define displacement

A

displacement is when a person shifts his/her impulses from an unacceptable target to a more acceptable or less threatening target.

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27
Q

define dissociation

A

Dissociation is a split in the mind in which there can be two independent streams of consciousness occurring at the same time, allowing some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others.

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28
Q

define dissociative fugue

A

a person suffers a bout of amnesia and then flees their home and identity.

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29
Q

define dysphoria

A

a psychological state that causes someone to experience feelings of anxiety, restlessness, and depression.

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30
Q

define dysthmia

A

a chronic type of depression that occurs on most days and lasts for a period of 2 or more years

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31
Q

define Echolalia

A

Repetition of words or phrases, usually with little or no comprehension.

32
Q

define echoproaxia

A

Movements in which one automatically and inappropriately imitates or mirrors the movements of another, as can sometimes be seen in schizophrenia.

33
Q

define lack of expansive mood

A

Lack of restraint in expressing one’s feelings. Easily annoyed and provoked to anger.

34
Q

define folie à deux

A

A shared psychotic disorder between 2 people, usually people who are mutually dependent upon each other.

35
Q

define fixation

A

an inability to adopt any different or new perspective on a problem

36
Q

define hallucinations

A

Hallucinations can be defined as false sensory (visual, auditory, etc.) experiences, such as seeing something a person although nobody is really there, hearing a voice although nobody is speaking, feeling someone touch who despite being alone, etc.

37
Q

define grandiosity

A

An inflated appraisal of one’s worth, power, knowledge, importance, or identity. When extreme, grandiosity may be of delusional proportions.

38
Q

define grandiose delusion

A

A delusion of inflated worth, power, knowledge, identity, or special relationship to a deity or famous person

39
Q

define ideas of reference

A

Incorrect interpretations of casual incidents and external events as having direct reference to oneself.

40
Q

define inapropriate affect

A

an unusual emotional expression that does not match with the content of what is being said or thought.

41
Q

define incoherance

A

Speech or thinking that is essentially incomprehensible to others because words or phrases are joined together without a logical or meaningful connection.. Sometimes been referred to as “word salad” .

42
Q

define labile affect

A

abnormal sudden rapid shifts in affect (mood, emotion).

43
Q

define loosening of associations

A

A disturbance of thinking shown by speech in which ideas shift from one subject to another that is unrelated or minimally related to the first.

44
Q

define major depression

A

Major depression is a mood disorder that is characterized by an extended period of sadness

45
Q

define magical thinking

A

The belief that one’s thoughts, words, or actions will produce an outcome that defies normal laws of cause and effect; the belief that one’s words have the power to make things happen

46
Q

define mood

A

A pervasive and sustained emotion that colors the perception of the world.

47
Q

mood-congruent psychotic features

A

Delusions or hallucinations whose content is entirely consistent with the typical themes of a depressed or manic mood.

48
Q

define Neologism

A

a new word or condensed combination of several words coined by a person to express a highly complex idea not readily understood by others.

49
Q

define paranoia

A

a psychological disorder in which the person has delusions of being persecuted by others or delusions of their own grandeur.

50
Q

define Passive Aggressive personality traits

A

when a person seems to actively comply with the desires and needs of others, but actually passively resists them. In the process, the person becomes increasingly hostile and angry.

51
Q

define phobias

A

Phobias are unsound or illogical fears of objects or events. It is thought that phobias are learned or conditioned responses from early childhood experiences.

52
Q

define psychotic

A

delusions or prominent hallucinations.

53
Q

define paranoia ideation

A

Ideation involving suspiciousness or the belief that one is being harassed, persecuted, or unfairly treated.

54
Q

define persecutory delusion

A

A delusion in which the central theme is that one (or someone to whom one is close) is being attacked, harassed, cheated, persecuted, or conspired against.

55
Q

define perseveration

A

Tendency to emit the same verbal or motor response again and again to varied stimuli.

56
Q

define personality

A

Enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself

57
Q

define pressured speech

A

Speech that is increased in amount, accelerated, and difficult or impossible to interrupt

58
Q

define psychomotor agitation

A

Excessive motor activity associated with a feeling of inner tension.

59
Q

define psychomotor retardation

A

Visible generalized slowing of movements and speech.

60
Q

define mania

A

mood disorder in which people feel incredibly excited, hyperactive, and overly optimistic

61
Q

define Masochism

A

gaining pleasure from physical or psychological. The pain can be self inflicted or inflicted by someone else

62
Q

define mood

A

is an overall feeling or mental state such as happiness, anger, tension, or anxiety.

63
Q

define rationalization

A

A defense mechanism, operating unconsciously, in which an individual attempts to justify or make consciously tolerable by plausible means, feelings or behavior that otherwise would be intolerable.

64
Q

define reaction formation

A

A defense mechanism, operating unconsciously, in which a person adopts affects, ideas, and behaviors that are the opposites of impulses harbored either consciously or unconsciously

65
Q

define primary gain

A

The relief from emotional conflict and the freedom from anxiety achieved by a defense mechanism. Contrast with secondary gain.

66
Q

define stereotyped movements

A

Repetitive, seemingly driven, and nonfunctional motor behavior (e.g., hand shaking or waving, body rocking, head banging, mouthing of objects, self-biting, picking at skin , hitting one’s own body).

67
Q

define stupor

A

A state of unresponsiveness with immobility and mutism

68
Q

define sublimation

A

A defense mechanism, operating unconsciously, by which instinctual drives, consciously unacceptable, are diverted into personally and socially acceptable channels.

69
Q

define type A personality

A

People who are classified as having Type A personality have characteristics like: they have a sense of time urgency, find it difficult to relax, and often become impatient and angry when they get delayed (or if they are going to be late) or are around other people whom they view as incompetent. They are the opposite of Type B people.

70
Q

define type B personality

A

People who are classified as having Type B personality are better at relaxing without feeling guilty and working without becoming anxious or agitated. Some of the other characteristics include being more relaxed about time (they don’t get overly stressed about being late), and are not easily angered.

71
Q

define thought broad casting

A

The delusion that one’s thoughts are being broadcast out loud so that they can be perceived by others.

72
Q

define thought intersection

A

The delusion that certain of one’s thoughts are not one’s own, but rather are inserted into one’s mind.

73
Q

define tic

A

An involuntary, sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movement or vocalization.

74
Q

define Transference

A

a phenomenon where patients undergoing clinical therapy begin to transfer their feelings of a particular person in their lives to the therapist

75
Q

define transexual

A

A transsexual is an individual who has a strong desire to be the opposite sex and undergo surgery to change their sex

76
Q

define waxy flexibility

A

the patient’s limbs when moved feel like wax or lead pipe, and remain in the position in which they are left

77
Q

define word salad

A

describes a very jumbled manner of speaking in which words are put together even though they don’t form meaningful sentences.

Psych and Mental Health (1 decks)

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