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Dispensing > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Endpieces

A

Where the temples attach to the frame

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2
Q

Hinge barrels

A

3, 5, 7

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3
Q

Guard arms/ pad arms

A

Attach nose pads to the frame

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4
Q

Butt portion/butt end

A

Temple that is nearest attachment to the front

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5
Q

Shank/shaft

A

Area between butt portion/end and bend

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6
Q

Earpiece, bent-down portion, curl

A

Temple that bends behind the ear

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7
Q

Bend

A

The area on the temple that first touches the ear

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8
Q

Mountings

A

Frames without an eye wire going completely around the lens

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9
Q

Plastic Frames

A

zyl, cellulose nitrate, acetate.

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10
Q

Metal Frames

A

Titanium is most ideal due to low weight

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11
Q

Nylon Cord Frames

A

Hold lenses in place by nylon cord. Have rimless appearance.

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12
Q

Half Eyes

A

Only for reading correction.

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13
Q

Rimless Mountings

A

Hold lenses in place by some other method other than nylon or eye wires.

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14
Q

Semiremless mountings

A

Similar to rem less but have a metal reinforcing arm that follows the upper posterior surface of the lens and joins the centerpiece of the frame to the endpiece. (looks like nylon cord)

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15
Q

Numont Mountings

A

Hold lenses only in place at nasal edge. Very rare. Have a top area that is attached nasal and then the temples are attached to this same piece.

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16
Q

Balgrip mountings

A

Clips hold the lens in place by a notch. Can use different lenses with the same frame as easy to remove.

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17
Q

Saddle bridge

A

plastic bridge shaped like a saddle. Weight is even.

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18
Q

Modified Saddle

A

Like a saddle bridge butt has nose pads.

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19
Q

Keyhole bridge

A

Used with plastic frames

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20
Q

Pad bridge

A

Used with metal frames. Nose pads are attached to support the weight of the frame alone.

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21
Q

Comfort bridge

A

When a metal frame has a clear plastic saddle-type bridge.

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22
Q

Butt type endpiece

A

Front is straight and butt is flat and meet at 90 degree angle

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23
Q

Mitre type endpience

A

Front and butt meet at 45 angle

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24
Q

Turn back endpeince

A

Frame front bends around and meets the temple end to end.

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25
Q

Skull temples

A

Bend down behind the ear and follow the contour of the skull.

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26
Q

Library Temples

A

Pratically straight and hold by pressure against the head

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27
Q

Convertible temples

A

Can go between skull and library.

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28
Q

Riding bow temples

A

Go all the way around the ear. Common with kids

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29
Q

Comfort cable temples

A

Same as riding bow temples but are metal with a curl.

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30
Q

Strap

A

Made of a shoe and ear. This is what touches the lens.

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31
Q

Shoe

A

Contacts edge of the lens and braces it from rocking.

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32
Q

Ear

A

Extends fro shoe and touches lens.

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33
Q

Arm

A

Part of semi rimless mounting that extends along the top edge of the frame.

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34
Q

Vertical gradient

A

Darker at the top

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35
Q

Horizontal gradient

A

Darker at temporal portion

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36
Q

Clear bridge

A

Similar to horizontal gradient and is dark at the top except the bridge.

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37
Q

Optyl

A

Thermoelastic (will return to normal shape when heated) Has a plastic memory.

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38
Q

Polycarbonate

A

Used for safety. Clear.

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39
Q

Carbon graphite

A

Very opaque and strong. Brittle in the cold.

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40
Q

Nickel Silvers

A

No silver. Copper, Nickel, zinc.

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41
Q

Titanium

A

Most popular metal.

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42
Q

Geometrical Center

A

Where horizontal and vertical line meets.

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43
Q

Eye size

A

Horizontal length (A) of frame.

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44
Q

Lens size

A

Horizontal length (A) of lens.

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45
Q

Effective diameter

A

Twice the geometric center.

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46
Q

Frame difference

A

Difference between A and B measurement. Greater value is more rectangular.

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47
Q

DBL/bridge size

A

Distance between two boxes.

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48
Q

GCD

A

Distance between two geometrical centers. Can also find by adding A+DBL. Also called frame PD.

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49
Q

Frame Markings

A

Most frames are marked with eye size (A), DBL, and temple length.

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50
Q

Z87/Z87-2

A

Frames that have passed ANSI standards for safety glasses.

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51
Q

To lengthen the nose

A

Pick a frame that exposes the most of the nose to lengthen it.

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52
Q

Frontal angle

A

Chicken dance

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53
Q

Splay angle

A

beauty queen wave.

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54
Q

Crest angle

A

Airplane.

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55
Q

Frames for progressive wearers

A

Require minimal vertex distance, adequate pantoscopic tilt, sufficient vertical depth.

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56
Q

Polycarbonate

A

1.586.

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57
Q

Cr 39

A

1.498

58
Q

Glass

A

1.523

59
Q

High plus frame differences

A

Don’t use greater than 9 mm.

60
Q

Lenses for kids

A

Polycarbonate or trivex

61
Q

Where to start with standard alignment?

A

The start

62
Q

Method of choice for heating frames?

A

Forced hot air

63
Q

Standard Alignment

A

Horizontal, vertical, temple parallelism, open temple spread, temple ends, temple fold angle

64
Q

Vertical alignment

A

Test with four point test. A ruler across the back will touch all four surface. May not confirm if they have too much face form.

65
Q

Open temple spread

A

No more than 95.

66
Q

Temple parallelism

A

Should not tip when you hit glasses when laying flat. Varies by pantoscopic tilt.

67
Q

Pantoscopic tilt

A

Can be between 4-18 degrees.

68
Q

Temple bend

A

Should be bent down equally and slightly inward.

69
Q

Frontal angle

A

Should be about 20 degrees from vertical.

70
Q

lens material for rimless

A

Trivex and polycarbonate

71
Q

Triangle of Force

A

Crest of the nose and the endpoints.

72
Q

Perfect temple spread

A

Should have no pressure until just above the root of the ears

73
Q

Temples not spread far enough

A

The frame will have too much pressure and will bow out. The frames will go forward. They will put pressure on the back of the ears

74
Q

Temples spread too far

A

The frame will slip down.

75
Q

What pressure would be exerted if temple spread angle is too little on right side?

A

There will be pressure on right nose (glasses will be further out) and on left side of nose.

76
Q

To move one lens closer to the face

A

If left lens is IN–>bring left temple in

If right lens is OUT–>Bring right temple OUT.

77
Q

To move one lens higher on the face

A

If left lens is up–>Bend left temple up

If right lens is down–>Bend right lens down

78
Q

Temple adjustments

A

Should increase friction (touch)

79
Q

Temple bend

A

Ideal just past the top of the ear.

80
Q

Cable temple adjustment

A

The very end should be bent backwards to stop from digging into the head.

81
Q

Adjust _____ before adjusting pad angles

A

Panto tilt

82
Q

When are nose pads adjusted correctly?

A
  1. The pads should rest halfway between the crest of the nose and the inner corner of the eye
  2. The long diameter of the pads should be perp to floor when head is erect
  3. The full surface of the pads should rest uniformly on the nose
83
Q

When glasses still slip when properly aligned?

A

Replace nose pads for silicone ones.

84
Q

Frame to the right

A

Move pads to the right. And vice.

85
Q

To move frame higher on the face

A

Shrink or narrow the bridge, add pads to plastic bridge, narrow distance between pads, lower vertical position of pads.

86
Q

To move frame lower on the face

A

Stretch or widen the bridge, spread adjustable pads apart, raise vertical position of adjustable pads.

87
Q

Crown Glass

A

1.523 High weight and impact resistance.

88
Q

CR-39

A

1.498

89
Q

Poly

A

1.586

90
Q

Trivex

A

1.532

91
Q

When can you provide non-impact resistance?

A

When a physician or optometrist determines that impact resistance will not fulfill the patients visual requirements.

92
Q

Dress lenses minimal thickness?

A

No minimal thickness but must be able to withstand impact.

93
Q

Batch testing

A

Test a group of certain minimal thickness.

94
Q

Records with purchased eyeglasses

A

Must be kept for 3 years.

95
Q

Basic Safety glasses minimal thickness

A

3 mm except for +3 or higher (2.5 mm)

96
Q

High Impact safety glasses

A

2 mm

97
Q

Hardening of Glass Lenses

A

Temperaturing or chemically tempering. Will see a Maltese-cross pattern with colmascope. Drilled lenses that are heat treated are not safe.

98
Q

Horizontal placement of lenses

A

Normally make it so OC will line up with the pupil of the eyes. There will be no prismatic effect.

99
Q

Major reference point

A

Where the prismatic effect equals the prescribed prism

100
Q

When does OC=MRP

A

When there is not any prescribed prism

101
Q

MRP vertical displacement

A

Unless otherwise specified will be halfway between top and bottom of frame.

102
Q

Amt. of pant required with different OC placements

A

Eyes above OC->pant

Eyes below OC->retro (not done). Each mm=2 degrees

103
Q

Determining MRP height

A

Measure pupil center height. Compensate pant tilt. 2 for 1 rule.

104
Q

Average vertex distance

A

14mm

105
Q

Distometer

A

Used to measure vertex distance

106
Q

Progressive Height

A

Center of pupil for reference

107
Q

Bifocal Height

A

From lower lid

108
Q

Trifocal Height

A

Lower edge of the pupil

109
Q

Double D

A

Top will be 13-14 mm above lower seg. position. Must get a frame that allows 9 mm for upper segment.

110
Q

Seg height difference

A

Will need prism. 1 D for each .3 mm difference. Seg line should be moved in direction the prism apex points.

111
Q

Round segs

A

Must be 1 mm higher than flat tops.

112
Q

Segs seems too high

A

Increase Panto tilt, decrease vertex distance, spread pads (lower frame), stretch bridge, move pads up.

113
Q

Segs seems too low

A

Narrow pads, bend pads down by adjusting pad arms, increase vertex distance, reduce pant. tilt, shrink bridge.

114
Q

Correcting set height with incorrect eye size

A

The set height is correct by one half the difference between same frame eye size and desired eye size

115
Q

Base Curve

A

The beginning curve on which the lens power is based

116
Q

Spherical lenses

A

The front curve is the base curve

117
Q

Minus spherocylindrical

A

Front spherical curve is the base curve. The weaker back surface is the toric base curve.

118
Q

Multifocal lens base curve

A

The base curve is always on the same side of the lens as the segment

119
Q

If decent ration occurs along axis meridian

A

No prismatic effect will occur

120
Q

Chromatic abberation

A

Color related

121
Q

Monochromatic aberration

A

Occurs with only one wavelength

122
Q

Longitudinal chromatic abberation

A

Diff. colors bend at different rates

123
Q

High abbe number

A

Low CA

124
Q

Lateral CA

A

Diff. in mag differences or prismatic effects.

125
Q

Seidel Abberation

A

Monochromatic abberations. Spherical abberation, coma, oblique, curvature of field, or distortion.

126
Q

Spherical aberration

A

Paralax and axial rays focus at different places

127
Q

Coma

A

Image appears as a coma for off center

128
Q

Oblique astigmatism

A

Get line images

129
Q

Tilting effects

A

Creates oblique astigmatism

130
Q

Pincushion

A

Occurs with plus lenses

131
Q

Barrel distortion

A

Occurs with minus lenses

132
Q

Fitting cross

A

Should be placed exactly in front of the wearer’s pupil center

133
Q

PRP=

A

MRP

134
Q

Adjust frame for progressives

A

Small vertex distance, maximum pant tilt, fitting cross in front of eyes.

135
Q

Greatest problem with PALs

A

Unwanted cylinder.

136
Q

Hard design PALS

A

Change in power is sharp

137
Q

Soft design PALS

A

Change in power is gradual

138
Q

Near Variable

A

When intermediate and near vision are the primary viewing needs.

139
Q

Uniform transmission

A

Applies to a 2 mm thick plano lens

140
Q

Most harmful rays

A

UV C

141
Q

How much tint

A

want transmission to be 15-30%

142
Q

Inserting lens

A

From the front

Dispensing (1 decks)

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