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Bio 122 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Emergent Properties

A

Novel properties that emerge but are absent from preceding generation

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2
Q

Domain Bacteria

A

Domain that is: prokaryotes, unicellular, most diverse and widespread, rod-shaped

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3
Q

Domain Archaea

A

Domain that is: prokaryotes, unicellular, live in extreme environments, round

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4
Q

Domain Eukarya

A

Domain that is: eukaryotes, multicellular

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5
Q

Macromolecules

A

Giant molecules that are made of polymers

EX: Polysaccharides, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

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6
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Sugars used for energy and structure

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7
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Simple sugars; main fuel for cellular work

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8
Q

Disaccharides

A

Consists of two monosaccharides joined bu glycosidic linkage

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9
Q

Starch

A

Plant energy storage; digestible

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10
Q

Glycogen

A

Animal energy storage; digestible

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11
Q

Cellulose

A

Most abundant organic molecule on Earth; not digestible

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12
Q

Microvilli

A

thin projections from the surface of the cell; increase surface area without an appreciable increase in volume

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13
Q

Nucleolus

A

Ribosome factory in nucleus

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14
Q

Nuclear Lamina

A

Cytoskelton surrounding the nucleus; underlyes the nuclear envelope

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15
Q

Bound Ribosomes

A

Makes proteins that are destined for insertion into membranes for packaging or secretion

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16
Q

Free Ribosomes

A

Makes proteins that are to function within the cytosol

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17
Q

Endomembrane System

A

Responsible for protein synthesis, processing, modification, transport, sorting proteins to their cellular location, detoxification, etc

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18
Q

Rough ER

A

Covered in ribosomes; all protein starts their life here on bound ribosomes; consists of a membrane of network of membranous tubules and sacs(called cisternae)

19
Q

Ribosomes

A

Carry out protein synthesis

20
Q

Smooth ER

A

Responsible for making lipids/sterol; detoxification; calcium storage

21
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Sorting and modification of certain proteins; cisternal maturation
(Cis: receiving Trans: shipping)

22
Q

Lysosomes

A

Digestive enzymes that break stuff down; Autophagy: self eating; Contents delivered by fusion

23
Q

Peroxisome

A

Break down fatty acids; Cells split into two when they become large

24
Q

Mitochondria

A

Powerhouse of the cell; site of energy generation

25
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Site of photsynthesis in plants

26
Q

Sealing/Tight Junctions

A

Nothing can pass through this cellular barrier

27
Q

Anchoring Junctions

A

Small area of contact between adjacent cells

EX: Desmosome: fastening cells together into strong sheets

28
Q

Gap Junctions

A

Forms channels between cells; allows movement of small molecules between cells

29
Q

Molecules that CAN pass a selectively permeable membrane

A

Hydrophobic=nonpolar molecules, gases

30
Q

Molecules that CANNOT pass a selectively permeable membrane

A

Hydrophilic= polar molecules, ions, sugars

31
Q

Catabolic Pathways

A

Releases energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler compounds ; exergonic
EX: cellular respiration

32
Q

Anabolic Pathways

A

Consumes energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones; endergonic
EX: Protein Synthesis

33
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

Energy associated with the relative motion of objects

34
Q

Thermal Energy

A

Associated with the random movement of atoms or molecules; forms heat

35
Q

Potential Energy

A

Energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure

36
Q

Chemical Energy

A

Energy available for release in a chemical reaction

37
Q

Free Energy

A

The protein of a system’s energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system

38
Q

Activation Energy

A

The energy needed to push the reactions uphill so the bonds can break

39
Q

Fermentation

A

A partial degradation of sugars or other organic fuel that occurs without the use of oxygen (harvest of food energy)

40
Q

Aerobic Metabolism

A

Sufficient oxygen available, low energy electrons from reducing equivalents fall on oxygen

41
Q

Anaerobic Metabolism

A

Demand for oxygen outstrips the body’s ability to deliver

42
Q

Autotrophs

A

Organisms that make their own food without reduced organic molecules derived from another organism; self-feeders

43
Q

Photoautotrophs

A

Autotrophs that use sunlight as energy

Bio 122 (1 decks)

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