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Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

task related determinant

A

element of a task that is critical to successful performance

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2
Q

framework for observational task analysis

A

general observations
deviations
hypothesized causes
testing hypotheses

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3
Q

Steps in observational gait analysis

A

general observations
gait deviations
hypothesize problems
test hypotheses

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4
Q

12 critical events

A 
heel contact
heel rocker
controlled knee flexion
hip/pelvic stability
ankle rocker
forefoot rocker
hip extension
rapid plantar flexion
passive knee flexion
peak knee flexion
ankle DF  to neutral
peak hip flexion
knee extension to neutral
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5
Q

Overall trend in activity related to occupation

A

increase in low activity levels and decrease in high activity levels

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6
Q

molecular changes that occur that can alter mechanics of joints

A

increased structural protein cross linkages
decreased proteoglycan size
fragmentation of collagen

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7
Q

cellular changes that occur that can alter mechanics of joints

A

decreased proliferation
altered control of apoptosis
decreased response to growth factors
altered response to loading

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8
Q

structural changes

A 
increased stiffness
decreased water content 
decreased strength
decreased cross-sectional area and/or volume
ROM and load transmission changes
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9
Q

What is the order of decline in magnitude in trunk ROM

A

extension
lateral flexion
rotation
flexion

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10
Q

order of loss of ROM in hip

A

extension, rotation, abduction

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11
Q

main loss in ROM at ankle w/ aging

A

dorsiflexion

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12
Q

ROM loss order in shoulder

A

flexion, external rotation, abducation

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13
Q

posture involved w/ aging

A

forward head, thoracic kyphosis, flattened lumbar curve, hip/knee flexion, wide base of support

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14
Q

postural control alterations w/ aging

A

increased postural sway
decreased limits of stability
altered motor strategies
limited response capacity

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15
Q

gait variabilities w/ aging

A 
gait speed decreased
decreased stride length
decreased SLS time
step width variability
energy expenditure
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16
Q

sit to stand phases

A
  1. weight shift
  2. momentum transfer from upper to lower body
  3. extension
  4. stabilization
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17
Q

What is the most commonly injured location in running?

A

knee followed by shin and foot

PFPS most common injury

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18
Q

Running gait cycle

A

stance phase- absorption
stance phase- generation
swing phase- generation=
swing phase- reversal/absorption

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19
Q

What changes with an increase in slower speeds vs an increase in faster speeds?

A

at slower speeds, increase comes mostly from stride length, while it comes mostly from stride frequency at faster speeds

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20
Q

What is the most common foot strike pattern for recreational runners?

A

rear-foot strike

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21
Q

What are some changes that are influenced by barefoot running?

A

shorter contact time
shorter stride length
greater stride frequency
vertical ground reaction force differences

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22
Q

How is power absorption distribution different in RFS vs FFS/Midfoot?

A

Midfoot/forefoot strike leads to decreased power absorption at the knee and hip and increased power absorption at the ankle

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23
Q

achilles tendon effects with FFS/MFS

A

higher achilles tendon average loading rate and impulse

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24
Q

does BF training help to increase postural stability and balance?

A

yes- deflect load and redistributes it to the digits

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25
What happens to the medial longitudinal arch w/ barefoot running?
significantly shortened
26
How does BF running help with force absorption
may help the LE to attenuate impact forces- may be helpful for any runner
27
injuries corresponding to rear foot
anterior leg injuries: knee pain, quad strains, hip injuries
28
injuries related to mid-foot/forefoot
posterior leg injuries: achilles tendonopathy, hamstring, foot injuries
29
When transitioning to barefoot running, how should they progress?
1/4 mile and increase by 10% per week
30
cadence manipulation
increase preferred cadence by 10%- decreases peak forces and decreases overstrike,
31
Difference between phantom limb pain vs phantom limb sensation
phantom limb pain is more of a feeling or sensation that the limb is present (can be helpful) while phantom pain is considered abnormal and is treated aggressively with medication, and guided imagery
32
types of UE prostheses
``` IPOP: immediate post-operative prosthesis passive body-powereed/cable operated electrically powered hybrid adaptive/recreational ```
33
Orientation to prosthetic wearing
wear for
34
how to open the terminal device of body control prosthesis
scapular abductio nand shoulder flexion
35
elbow flexion/extension w/ body control
use forearm lift device which responds to scapular abduction and chest expansion when elbow is locked
36
***elbow lock/unlock
shoulder depression, extension and abduction - "down, back, out"
37
benefits of electric powered/myoelectric prosthesis
imporoved cosmesis, increased grip force, minimal to no harnessing, ability to use overhead, minimal effort to control, more similar to human control
38
myoelectric disadvantages
cost frequency of maintenance/repair fragile nature of gloves requiring frequency replacement less proprioceptive feedback slowness in response and increased weight
39
UCBL
exceptional control of calcaneal deviation | fits easily into most shoes
40
SMAFO
provides medial/lateral ankle control and allows full dorsi flexion/plantar flexion flexible calcaneal deformities
41
metal AFO
free motion DF, PF assist or double action | used for patients who are reluctant to change to plastic or fluctuating volume present due to edema
42
dorsi-flexion assist
offers plantar flexion resistance at heel strike and DF resistance at toe off holds foot in neutral position during swing mild med/lat instability
43
dynamic carbon fiber AFO
absorb force at heel strike and help propel at toe off management of drop foot due to DF paralysis/weakness, and neuro conditions including CVA, charcot marie tooth, MS and mild medial/lateral instability
44
solid ankle AFO
custom fabricated for individual patient needs provides anterior/posterio and med/lat stability loss of gastroc/soleus strength and mild instability of the knee varus/valgus at ankle
45
anterior floor reaction
ant/post and med/lat stability | crouch gait, weak quads
46
hinged ankle AFO
allows full/limited DF/FP med/lat ankle instability mild genu recurvatum or drop foot
47
2 stage AFO
leather AFO reinforced w/ plasticsoft inner boot reinforced by semi rigid outer plastic AFO boney pronators, sensation inssues, spinabifida
48
AZ AFO
patient comfort, adjustability for edema management post tib tendon dysfunction ankle arthritis
49
naturopathic walker
soft inner liner, rocker bottom sole diabetic ulcers, fracture management
50
plastic KAFO
M/L instability A/P instability hamstring/quad wakness
51
4 aspects of care involved pre-operatively w/ amputation
education rapport function meet w peer
52
types of dressings for shrinnkage
rigid non-removable rigid removable soft dressings RIGID= IPOP
53
advantages of IPOP
provide more protection if paint falls, but makes dressing change more difficult, limits knee ROM, increased likelihood of dehiss of incision while weight bearing due to rigidity
54
advantages/disadvantages soft dressings
advantage to be able to take off soft dressing if uncomfortable, less protection is fall
55
more superior option between IPOP/soft?
IPOP showed no further surgical intervention, fewer post op complications, and shorter times to custom prostheses
56
what is the purpose of the first prosthesis?
to condition the residual limb, shrink/shape residual limb, is meant to be adjustable, a reduce contractors,
57
K2, K3, K4
K2 walk at one speed K3, can increase speed- community ambulatory k4- increased demand on prosthetic- athletic active
58
what factors is energy expenditure related to for gait?
level of amputation stride length asymmetry
59
more energy expenditure shown to be involved w/ vascular or non-vascular
vascular
60
what measurements are the c-leg sensors detecting?
knee anlge change knee angle rate of change (acceleration/deceleration) ankle plantar flexion moment ankle dorsiflexion moment
61
what two factors must be met so that c-leg will aloow the knee to flex?
dorsiflexion moment >66% of body weight knee is fully extended (if not reached, stays in extension)
62
what three parameters are required to release stance in the rhea knee?
20% maximum toe load knee in full extension no knee movement OR unloading of prosthesis
63
power knee
power for concentri and eccentric- helps with sit to stand/stand to sit, transition from level to stairs/ramps powered swing flexion and powered swing extension powered stair ascent
64
genium knee
next generation of c-leg- allows for walking backwards, multi direction motion, immersible built in runner mode
65
who is a candidate for the c-leg, reheo, power knee, or genium?
K3 and K4 range (some argue 2) frequently walk w/ inclines or uneven terrain frequenclty vary cadence needs complete hip extension
66
genium more specifically?
user's condition demands high degree of safety
67
predominant reason for prescribing foot orthoses?
motion control- includes providing support to longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot -control the amount and rate of foot motion, especially foot pronation
68
orthotics for motion control
cobra pad, functional foot orthosis, MASS device
69
most effect for motion control?
posted and molded
70
important uses for foot orthoses considering alignment
not as important to align skeleton, but rather permit return to preferred motor pattern

Movement Science (1 decks)

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