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Movement Science > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

task related determinant

A

element of a task that is critical to successful performance

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2
Q

framework for observational task analysis

A

general observations
deviations
hypothesized causes
testing hypotheses

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3
Q

Steps in observational gait analysis

A

general observations
gait deviations
hypothesize problems
test hypotheses

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4
Q

12 critical events

A 
heel contact
heel rocker
controlled knee flexion
hip/pelvic stability
ankle rocker
forefoot rocker
hip extension
rapid plantar flexion
passive knee flexion
peak knee flexion
ankle DF  to neutral
peak hip flexion
knee extension to neutral
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5
Q

Overall trend in activity related to occupation

A

increase in low activity levels and decrease in high activity levels

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6
Q

molecular changes that occur that can alter mechanics of joints

A

increased structural protein cross linkages
decreased proteoglycan size
fragmentation of collagen

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7
Q

cellular changes that occur that can alter mechanics of joints

A

decreased proliferation
altered control of apoptosis
decreased response to growth factors
altered response to loading

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8
Q

structural changes

A 
increased stiffness
decreased water content 
decreased strength
decreased cross-sectional area and/or volume
ROM and load transmission changes
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9
Q

What is the order of decline in magnitude in trunk ROM

A

extension
lateral flexion
rotation
flexion

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10
Q

order of loss of ROM in hip

A

extension, rotation, abduction

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11
Q

main loss in ROM at ankle w/ aging

A

dorsiflexion

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12
Q

ROM loss order in shoulder

A

flexion, external rotation, abducation

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13
Q

posture involved w/ aging

A

forward head, thoracic kyphosis, flattened lumbar curve, hip/knee flexion, wide base of support

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14
Q

postural control alterations w/ aging

A

increased postural sway
decreased limits of stability
altered motor strategies
limited response capacity

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15
Q

gait variabilities w/ aging

A 
gait speed decreased
decreased stride length
decreased SLS time
step width variability
energy expenditure
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16
Q

sit to stand phases

A
  1. weight shift
  2. momentum transfer from upper to lower body
  3. extension
  4. stabilization
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17
Q

What is the most commonly injured location in running?

A

knee followed by shin and foot

PFPS most common injury

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18
Q

Running gait cycle

A

stance phase- absorption
stance phase- generation
swing phase- generation=
swing phase- reversal/absorption

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19
Q

What changes with an increase in slower speeds vs an increase in faster speeds?

A

at slower speeds, increase comes mostly from stride length, while it comes mostly from stride frequency at faster speeds

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20
Q

What is the most common foot strike pattern for recreational runners?

A

rear-foot strike

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21
Q

What are some changes that are influenced by barefoot running?

A

shorter contact time
shorter stride length
greater stride frequency
vertical ground reaction force differences

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22
Q

How is power absorption distribution different in RFS vs FFS/Midfoot?

A

Midfoot/forefoot strike leads to decreased power absorption at the knee and hip and increased power absorption at the ankle

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23
Q

achilles tendon effects with FFS/MFS

A

higher achilles tendon average loading rate and impulse

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24
Q

does BF training help to increase postural stability and balance?

A

yes- deflect load and redistributes it to the digits

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25
Q

What happens to the medial longitudinal arch w/ barefoot running?

A

significantly shortened

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26
Q

How does BF running help with force absorption

A

may help the LE to attenuate impact forces- may be helpful for any runner

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27
Q

injuries corresponding to rear foot

A

anterior leg injuries: knee pain, quad strains, hip injuries

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28
Q

injuries related to mid-foot/forefoot

A

posterior leg injuries: achilles tendonopathy, hamstring, foot injuries

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29
Q

When transitioning to barefoot running, how should they progress?

A

1/4 mile and increase by 10% per week

30
Q

cadence manipulation

A

increase preferred cadence by 10%- decreases peak forces and decreases overstrike,

31
Q

Difference between phantom limb pain vs phantom limb sensation

A

phantom limb pain is more of a feeling or sensation that the limb is present (can be helpful) while phantom pain is considered abnormal and is treated aggressively with medication, and guided imagery

32
Q

types of UE prostheses

A 
IPOP: immediate post-operative prosthesis
passive
body-powereed/cable operated
electrically powered 
hybrid
adaptive/recreational
33
Q

Orientation to prosthetic wearing

A

wear for

34
Q

how to open the terminal device of body control prosthesis

A

scapular abductio nand shoulder flexion

35
Q

elbow flexion/extension w/ body control

A

use forearm lift device which responds to scapular abduction and chest expansion when elbow is locked

36
Q

***elbow lock/unlock

A

shoulder depression, extension and abduction - “down, back, out”

37
Q

benefits of electric powered/myoelectric prosthesis

A

imporoved cosmesis, increased grip force, minimal to no harnessing, ability to use overhead, minimal effort to control, more similar to human control

38
Q

myoelectric disadvantages

A

cost
frequency of maintenance/repair
fragile nature of gloves requiring frequency replacement
less proprioceptive feedback
slowness in response and increased weight

39
Q

UCBL

A

exceptional control of calcaneal deviation

fits easily into most shoes

40
Q

SMAFO

A

provides medial/lateral ankle control and allows full dorsi flexion/plantar flexion
flexible calcaneal deformities

41
Q

metal AFO

A

free motion DF, PF assist or double action

used for patients who are reluctant to change to plastic or fluctuating volume present due to edema

42
Q

dorsi-flexion assist

A

offers plantar flexion resistance at heel strike and DF resistance at toe off
holds foot in neutral position during swing
mild med/lat instability

43
Q

dynamic carbon fiber AFO

A

absorb force at heel strike and help propel at toe off
management of drop foot due to DF paralysis/weakness, and neuro conditions including CVA, charcot marie tooth, MS and mild medial/lateral instability

44
Q

solid ankle AFO

A

custom fabricated for individual patient needs
provides anterior/posterio and med/lat stability
loss of gastroc/soleus strength and mild instability of the knee
varus/valgus at ankle

45
Q

anterior floor reaction

A

ant/post and med/lat stability

crouch gait, weak quads

46
Q

hinged ankle AFO

A

allows full/limited DF/FP
med/lat ankle instability
mild genu recurvatum or drop foot

47
Q

2 stage AFO

A

leather AFO reinforced w/ plasticsoft inner boot reinforced by semi rigid outer plastic AFO
boney pronators, sensation inssues, spinabifida

48
Q

AZ AFO

A

patient comfort, adjustability for edema management
post tib tendon dysfunction
ankle arthritis

49
Q

naturopathic walker

A

soft inner liner, rocker bottom sole diabetic ulcers, fracture management

50
Q

plastic KAFO

A

M/L instability
A/P instability
hamstring/quad wakness

51
Q

4 aspects of care involved pre-operatively w/ amputation

A

education
rapport
function
meet w peer

52
Q

types of dressings for shrinnkage

A

rigid non-removable
rigid removable
soft dressings
RIGID= IPOP

53
Q

advantages of IPOP

A

provide more protection if paint falls, but makes dressing change more difficult, limits knee ROM, increased likelihood of dehiss of incision while weight bearing due to rigidity

54
Q

advantages/disadvantages soft dressings

A

advantage to be able to take off soft dressing if uncomfortable, less protection is fall

55
Q

more superior option between IPOP/soft?

A

IPOP showed no further surgical intervention, fewer post op complications, and shorter times to custom prostheses

56
Q

what is the purpose of the first prosthesis?

A

to condition the residual limb, shrink/shape residual limb, is meant to be adjustable, a reduce contractors,

57
Q

K2, K3, K4

A

K2 walk at one speed
K3, can increase speed- community ambulatory
k4- increased demand on prosthetic- athletic active

58
Q

what factors is energy expenditure related to for gait?

A

level of amputation
stride length
asymmetry

59
Q

more energy expenditure shown to be involved w/ vascular or non-vascular

A

vascular

60
Q

what measurements are the c-leg sensors detecting?

A

knee anlge change
knee angle rate of change (acceleration/deceleration)
ankle plantar flexion moment
ankle dorsiflexion moment

61
Q

what two factors must be met so that c-leg will aloow the knee to flex?

A

dorsiflexion moment >66% of body weight
knee is fully extended
(if not reached, stays in extension)

62
Q

what three parameters are required to release stance in the rhea knee?

A

20% maximum toe load
knee in full extension
no knee movement
OR unloading of prosthesis

63
Q

power knee

A

power for concentri and eccentric- helps with sit to stand/stand to sit, transition from level to stairs/ramps
powered swing flexion and powered swing extension
powered stair ascent

64
Q

genium knee

A

next generation of c-leg- allows for walking backwards, multi direction motion, immersible
built in runner mode

65
Q

who is a candidate for the c-leg, reheo, power knee, or genium?

A

K3 and K4 range (some argue 2)
frequently walk w/ inclines or uneven terrain
frequenclty vary cadence
needs complete hip extension

66
Q

genium more specifically?

A

user’s condition demands high degree of safety

67
Q

predominant reason for prescribing foot orthoses?

A

motion control- includes providing support to longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot
-control the amount and rate of foot motion, especially foot pronation

68
Q

orthotics for motion control

A

cobra pad, functional foot orthosis, MASS device

69
Q

most effect for motion control?

A

posted and molded

70
Q

important uses for foot orthoses considering alignment

A

not as important to align skeleton, but rather permit return to preferred motor pattern

Movement Science (1 decks)

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