final exam Flashcards
the study of signs and symbols is called?
semiology
this compositional element deals with time-space relationships
motion
this concept is visual attractive to humans and divided media frames into 3 to 5 ratios. what is it?
the golden mean
which of the following is one of the additive primary colors?
red
which of the following is one of the subtractive primary colors? cyan, red, blue, green?
cyan
which of the following factors can only exist in a medium like television?
slow motion
which of the following is not a type of motion? primary, secondary, tertiary, dromedary?
dromedary
the most common types of tertiary motion are
cuts
which of the following is a kind of secondary motion?
a zoom in
this kind of visual manipulation deals with set design and creating a place for a mediated story such as a soap opera
illusionism
this is a style of painting that is so detailed that it looks like a photograph
photorealism
when something looks almost real but not perfectly, it causes a negative response in many human observers. what is this effect called?
the uncanny valley
these kind of messages are often unethically used and cannot be easily perceived because they fall just below the the threshold of conscious perception
subliminal
the dimensions of the frame of a medium is called
aspect ratio
picture of a titled scene that. what best describe this image?
a canted angle
the more clear an image is, or the higher resolution
the greater the number of pixels
what is the media theory that describes the ability of the news media to influence the salience of topics on the public agenda?
agenda setting
he is a famous american philosopher who came up with a categorization scheme for symbols
charles sanders pierce
this type of symbol looks like the thing it represents
icon
this kind of symbol is an arbitrary convention
symbol
a finger print is a kind of
index
which of the following is both iconic and indexical? footprint, peace sign, word “dog”, a photograph
a photograph
when you combine symbols to create new meanings, what is happening?
condensation
when the meaning of one symbol is transferred to another, what has happened?
displacement
this describes the inability of the conscious mind to distinguish reality from simulation of reality, especially in technologically advanced post modern societies
hyperreality
this was a popular radio program in the 1930s
little orphan annie
when we talk about media in terms of journalism, we are imagining the media metaphorically as what?
information
storytelling is
a human endeavor, part of oral tradition, something that takes on many forms
living in a media rich world means that we are being bombarded with persuasion, awash in material designed to convince us of something we might not otherwise believe or need. Which metaphorical perspective is this?
propaganda
what is the famous halloween night broadcast in 1938 that was reported to have scared a lot of people into believing it was true?
war of the worlds
which of the following is a story element? pot, setting, conflict?
all of the above
if you view the media as outside forces that enter our lives and shape us in different ways, which metaphor best applies?
interloper
we often use the media as a kind of escape. when we do, which of the following metaphors best applies to the media? information, distraction, art, curriculum
distraction
this part of the inverted news pyramid includes interesting, related items such as extra content including the journalists assessment of the story
the tail
when we think of the media as socializing agents and as learning tools, which metaphor best encompasses our thinking?
curriculum
what do we call the container or structure in which cultural values, beliefs, and ideas are converted into common sense?
stories
peoples consent and deference to power is part of what?
hegemony
if you reject and totally disagree with the values and meaning of a story what would we call your reaction?
oppositional
if you partly agree with and even share the values in the story you just read, how would we characterize your reaction?
negotiated
the most important information in a newspaper story is found in the what?
lead
this type of story uses multiple media to tell the story, each contributing a part to a larger story yet complete and satisfying on its own
transmedia storytelling
these types of narrates are about endings and often involve a dysfunctional world that is so out of control that it needs to start over.
satire
which of the following is an example of a transmedia story?
the matrix
this movie was a very successful form of transmedia storytelling and utilized high quality 3-D technology
avatar
transmedia storytelling involves?
multiple media, audience participation, collaboration
what is common sense?
just the way things are. an element of the hegemony process; if the interests of the powerful can can be viewed as “common sense” then less challenge and criticism would result
This type of media criticism examines the media as pleasurable storytellers
narrativist
this type of media criticism examines the media as a kind mirror of who we are
reflectionist
paying close attention, taking notes, and researching the subject are all parts of which stage of the critical process (as outlines in class)
description
taking action on what you find and connecting your critique to the larger social world are part of which stage of the critical process (as outlines in class)
engagement
you need to put your ego aside when you get to this stage of the critical process:
evaluation
he was a “media guru” who invented interesting ideas like “the medium is the message”
marshall mcluhan
in terms of a capitalistic perspective, you are most likely seen as a _______ when it comes to media use
consumer
which of the following is not an aspect of culture?
objects
this type of media criticism reduces a large amount of media information to a single statistic often using content analysis as its method
reflectionist
this type of media criticism sees the media a potentially dangerous shapers of society
constructionist
he was marshall mcluhans teacher
harold innes
it is technically and grammatical incorrect to say…
the media is…
our cultures central fictional storyteller over the past 50-60 years has been…
television
who said media “may not be successful much of the time in telling people what to think, but it is stunningly successful in telling its readers what to think about.”
bernard cohen
this media concept attempts to understand why and how people actively seek out specific media to satisfy specific needs
uses and gratifications
when asking, why do people use media and what do they use them for? which theory are you working with?
uses and gratifications
if you believe that other people are affected by the media more than you are, which of the following might be influencing you?
the third person effect
if you ask questions of everything, have critical eye, and embrace change, which of the following has influenced you? agenda setting, media literacy, uses and gratifications, the third person effect
media literacy
this medium filters transmits, and disseminates messages. television, radio, magazines?
all of the above
which of the following is not one of the uses and gratifications associated with mobile phone use? entertainment, personal hygiene, mobility, instant access?
personal hygiene
which of the following is a type of medium? radio, magazine, internet?
all of the above
which of the following is a form of technology? language, print, television?
all of the above
which of the following is an aspect of society? people, beliefs, objects?
all of the above
government by the people is called?
democracy
how many assumptions underlie most research on agenda-setting?
3
what is representation?
how the media depicts us, visually dominate concept
what is social discourse?
how we learn to speak about and represent our thoughts that reflect our values, beliefs, and ideas that are parts of or culture. when they repeat in a variety of media they form patterns that emerge as ideologies
ideologies:
systems of meaning that circulate the dominant ideas of society and helping us make judgments around the world
mainstream narratives:
the american dream, males are rugged leaders, females are sex objects/nurturing homemakers, whites are more worthy and intelligent than minorities, heterosexuality is morally superior to homosexuality
media representations are judged according to 2 main functions:
reflective function & socializing function
socializing function:
representations are seen as the products of powerful industries designed to shape the culture either harmfully or positively
reflective function:
representations are judged according to their ability to reflect the culture from which they emerge.
babyboomers:
idealistic, optimistic, organizational power, micromanage others
gen x
cynical, alienated, pessimistic, bends the rules to getting things done, comfortable with change and diversity.(Shaped by dual-career and single parent households, and by organizational change due to globalization and technology)
Gen Y
(Shaped by the personal computer, economic expansion, and uncertainty after 9/11 attacks) Self-centered and narcissistic; comfortable with change, job security is unimportant
2 models:
partisan model & informational model
partisan model:
european, yellow journalism (Dramatic, sensationalized stories of crimes, disasters, scandals, and intrigue
Exposing corruption in business and government) ; opinionated viewpoint
informational model:
modern u.s. model; more straightforward and factual; descriptive
visual literacy:
ability to read an image, ability to understand the meaning of a picture
visual syntax:
basic elements of a visual language
hue
the name of the color itself
primary colors:
red blue green
subtractive colors:
cyan, yellow, magenta and sometime black
saturation:
the purity of a color, desaturating a color makes it look dull
tone
a result of mixing a pure color with any grayscale color including the 2 extremes white and black
T/F: slow motion and time lapse motion only exist in media
true
types of motion
primary, tertiary, secondary
secondary motion:
zoom, dolly, pan, tilt, truck, etc…
tertiary:
cuts(takes), dissolves, fades, wipes, digital video effects
illusion:
series of still images
labeling:
The use of graphics, info about the people, event, or things seen in the image
hyperrealism:
mediating reality as close as possible, the uncanny valley, Photorealism, Trompe L’oeil
High-definition imagery
hyperreality:
A related, postmodern idea;
Simulations of reality; Describes the inability of the conscious mind to distinguish reality from a simulation of reality, especially in technologically advanced post-modern societies. It’s also a way to describe how we define relaity in today’s society.
the uncanny valley
The idea that when something looks and acts almost real, but not perfectly, it cause a negative response—revulsion—to human observers.
condensation
combining symbols to create new meanings.
Displacement:
transferring meaning from one symbol to another.
aesthetic manipulation
Manipulating visual elements
The use of computer software or less technical means to alter mediated images.
what is hegemony?
Where power exists; the people’s consent and deference to power; persuading the ruled to accept the belief system of the ruling class; a process; a realized complex of experiences, relationships, and activities
what are stories:
form the container, or structure in which cultural values, beliefs, ideas are converted into common sense
dominant stance:
: identify with and accept the story’s meaning.
negotiated stance:
partly agree with and share the values and message of the story.
oppositional stance:
rejecting the values and meaning of the story.
the critical process:
description, analysis, interpretation, evaluation, engagement
types of criticism:
reflectionist, narrativist, constructionist
third person effect:
media affect everyone else but not ourselves
