Final Exam Flashcards
List the “Emerson Six”
- Vital Statistics
- Control of communicable diseases
- Environmental sanitation
- Public health laboratory services
- Hygiene and maternity
- Health education
Describe “Vital Statistics” within the “Emerson 6”
Recording, tabulating, interpretation, and publication of the essential facts of… births, deaths, and reportable disease
Describe “Control of communicable disease” within the “Emerson Six” (4)
Includes…
- Tuberculosis
- Venereal diseases
- Malaria
- Hookworm disease
Describe “Environmental Sanitation” within the “Emerson Six” (3)
Including…
- Supervision of milk and milk products (like DQ)
- Food processing and public eating places
- Maintenance of sanity conditions of employment
Describe “Public health laboratory services” within the Emerson Six”
Self-explanatory
Describe “Hygiene of maternity, infancy, and childhood” within the “Emerson Six”
Includes the supervision of the health of the school-age child
Describe “Health education” within the “Emerson Six”
Health education of the general public so far as not covered by the functions of departments of education
What are the three core functions of public health?
- Assessment
- Policy development
- Assurance
What is the “bad” definition of “health care disparity”? (From AHRQ). What is wrong with this definition?
- The total difference in measures of health and healthcare between racial/ethnic groups
- Wrong because differences may be okay as long as they are not preventable!
What is the definition of “health care equity” according to the IOM?
Delivery of health services of equal quality to all individuals regardless of personal characteristics as gender, SES, geographic location, race, or ethnicity
What is the “good” definition of “health care disparity” (from IOM)?
Disparity is any difference not due to clinical need or preferences for health care services
What are PATIENT factors that affect healthcare equity? (4)
- Personal characteristics (age, sex, SES)
- Health status
- Idiosyncrasies
- Trust issues
What are PROVIDER factors that affect healthcare equity? (4)
- Discrimination
- Communication issues
- Empathy
- Stereotypes or misunderstandings
What are some SYSTEM factors that affect healthcare equity? (4)
- System navigation (can be hard, especially with language/cultural issues)
- Benefit eligibility (people may not realize what they are eligible for)
- Geography/environment
- Uneven distribution of healthcare resources
How is nursing home care funded in the US?
- MEDICAID (48%)
- Out-of-pocket (25%)
- Medicare (14%)
What are the “Emerson Six”? (Definition, not list)
The major health department services
What healthcare professions are shortages projected in? (4)
- NURSING
- Primary care
- Pharmacy
- Physical therapy, and other
What are some sources of nurse shortages? (3 - include why)
- Growth in demand (this will increase due to aging population)
- Slowdown in entry (decline of young women choosing nursing as a career in the past two decades)
- Faculty shortages
What are some ways to close the gap between supply and demand for nursing? (3)
- Increase wages, improve working conditions
- Expand educational capacity
- Recruit from overseas (may have technical/cultural issues, also may hurt the countries these nurses come from)
List the main issues confronting the nursing workforce (4)
- Supply and recruitment
- Staffing and patient safety
- Work environment and work satisfaction
- Education and training
What is the scope of practice of an RN? (5)
- Deliver ordered care
- Assessment and monitoring
- Patient and family education
- Care coordination and advocacy for patient
- Strong management component to work
What can an advanced practice RN do?
Primary and specialty care
List some examples of RNs (nurses with specialized skills who may be trained at masters or doctoral level) - 4
- Nurse practitioners
- Certified nurse midwives
- Nurse anesthetists
- Clinical nurse specialists (can specialize in mental health, cancer care, neonatal health, etc.)
What are Licensed Practical/Vocational nurses and their scope of practice? (3 parts)
- Performance of services requiring technical, manual skills practiced under the direction of a physician or RN
- Learn from a course in an accredited school of vocational nursing
- Exact scope of practice varies with state
