Final exam

Question 1

Sarah Bagley

Answer 1

Came to Lowell Mills in 1837
Lived in Boarding house and worked in a mill (had bad conditions, paid only $1 week, lived with 50 others, ect)
She organized the first trade union of industrial women in the US:
Lowell Female Reform Association (tried to get better conditions for the mills- failed)

Question 2

Charles Finney

Answer 2

Minister and leader of 2nd Great Awakening in 19th century
tried to abstain from sin- sex and drinking
Believed that you could choose good and heaven and everyone could live sin free
gave ppl home

Question 3

Transportation Revolution

Answer 3

Rapid expansion of canals, steamships and railroads during the 19th century
Livingston and Fulton introduced steamship in 1807
canal boom followed eerie canal being completed- led to cheaper shipping
the first railroad revolutionized transportation and changed lives

Question 4

Andrew Jackson

Answer 4

Law school and veteran (impressed ppl)
was a democratic president in 1828 and 1832
owned and defended slavery
indian removal act in 1830 allowed Jackson to exchange public land for Indian territories
(forced 5 tribes west- “trail of tears”)
didn’t want national bank, so when re-elected he took 10 million out and put it in state banks

Question 5

Cotton gin

Answer 5

invention that made cleaning of S cotton easy and cheap
1793 invention by Eli Whitney
boosted economics and slavery
machine removed major obstacle to cotton cultivation and gave plantation slavery a new meaning

Question 6

Slave Resisance

Answer 6

pretended to be sick, ran away or poisoned masters
Abolitionists: Garrison, Douglas and Brown
Revolt: Dred Scott (sued for freedom)

Question 7

William Garrison

Answer 7

Abolitionist who wrote Liberator in 1831- popular slave journal
1st made New England Anti Slave Society
2nd made American Anti Slavery Society- much bigger
wanted to show ppl that slavery was a sin and was angry that the constitution allowed slavery
followers were called Garrisonian Abolitionists

Question 8

Cali Gold Rush

Answer 8

1848-1849 when young men ran to Cali hoping for gold
50% of pop was 20 yr olds
chinese immigrants worked in mines
mining companies and camps formed
women came to work- some were prostates or nurses
Miners were mean to NA- ate all the game and kidnapped their kids for apprentices
mostly men were unsuccessful

Question 9

Fredrick Douglas

Answer 9

born into slavery
escaped in 1838 to NYC dressed as a salior
joined Abolitionist society
involved in Garrisonian, spoke at meetings about harsh cond. of slavery
felt AA should be more represented in Abolitionist movement, went off on own and wrote North Star

Question 10

Compromise of 1850

Answer 10

series of bills involving the future of slavery
4 sections-
Cali would be a free state
Utah and New Mex could make own choices about slavery
Trading slaves banned in Wash DC
Fugitive Slave Act (Feds have to help capture runaway slaves or else be fined)

Question 11

Mexican American War

Answer 11

1845-1848
started cause US began taking land from Mex
sparked by Annexation of Tex
Santa Anna- pres of Mex
US won- better weapons, more supplies and organized
ended with treaty of Guadalupe-hidalgo (1/3 of mexican territory became US)

Question 12

Kansas Nebraska Act

Answer 12

in 1854
repealed Missouri Compromise of 1820
wanted Nebraska and Kansas to be able to decide if they wanted slavery
ppl from Missouri came to Kansas to vote to help it free
ended up having 2x more ppl- illegal bc not Kansas residents

Question 13

John Brown

Answer 13

Abolitionist in mid 1850s
led small  group to seize federal arsenal in virginia
referred to as jesus
caused a divide-
S wanted slavery even more
N expressed more reservations
failed- several men died and he was hung

Question 14

Missouri compromise

Answer 14

1819 Missouri became a free state
upset 11 free 11 slave states
compromise to regain balance- Maine= free
Line across Louisiana purchase prohibited slavery N of the line

Question 15

Dred Scott

Answer 15

1857 in Illinois (free state)
Dred Scott sued 4 freedom after master RIP
Judge said-
can’t sue if not citizen
blacks aren’t citizens
Missouri compromise was not constutional bc it violated the protection of property
decided Dred Scott would stay enslaved

Question 16

Confederate women

Answer 16

During 1860s
supported war cause by: 
textile production
slave management
agricultural labor
sewing flags & uniforms
became teachers or nurses
began to feel lonely, wrote letters to Confed Pres for men to come home

Question 17

14th Amendment

Answer 17

defined blacks as citizens
guaranteed equal rights
approved my Andrew Johnson in 1866
Cancelled out Dred Scott decision
Created conflict with President Johnson
many ppl didn't want it and tried to impeach him

Question 18

KKK

Answer 18

1866 it was formed as a social group
in Tennessee 
Have hooded costumes and secret passwords
became terrorist against AA voters
wanted white supremacy

Question 19

Compromise of 1877

Answer 19

deal that gave republicans the presidency
restored democratic power in South
forgot freedmen rights and democratic promised to treat southern blacks fair
Frederick Douglas express anger at republic conventions of 1876

Question 20

Essay 2

Answer 20

Origins in Africa:
African slavery exhisted
•	Was not based on race
•	Permanent or hereditary 
•	Became slaves as a punishment
•	Slaves still had rights
African empires:
•	Mali- Malinke ppl, Islam religion and trade and agriculture based.
•	Kingdom of Kongo- mbaza was the urban capital, center of trade. Portroguese brough Christianity in
Journey through the Atlantic Slave Trade
9.5 million slaves brought to the americans 
agricultureal labor
•	rice
•	sugar
•	coffee 
•	tobacco
The Middle Passage
•	Journey to enslavement
•	4-8 weeks on a ship
•	high mortality bc they were so close together
•	rebellions
Experiences in North America
North
•	Slaves= less than 10% of the population
•	Rural vs Urban
o	Rural: worked with indentured servants and learned English
o	Urban: house servants, cooked, cleaned, water gardens and sometimes lived with masters
•	Two regions
o	Mid Atlantic
o	New England
Experiences in North America Continued 
South:
•	Relied on slaves
•	By 1750, slaves were almost half the population
•	Difficult living conditions
•	Task and gang system
•	Four regions:
o	Backcountry
o	Rice coast
o	Tobacco coast
o	Jamestown
Influences on political life
•	Voting rights- 
o	African American votes counted for 3/5 of a vote
•	Compromise of 1850
•	Missouri compromise
o	Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state
•	Kansas Nebraska Act
How Politicians negociated
Over land and status of slaves
•	Like in Kansas Nebraska act
•	And compromise of 1850
Dred Scott Case
Fugitive slave act
Contributions to civil war
South was really depend on slavery
•	For economics
•	And labor
Secession of the south
•	Abe Lincoln elected in 1860
•	Tried to compromise with N and S
•	Tried to hold onto Fort Sumter, VA but Jefferson David wanted  it to surrender
•	Souther states began to succeed and became completely separated from the north
•	Elected a different president- Jefferson David