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final exam semester 1 biology > final exam > Flashcards

final exam Flashcards

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0
Q

what are the monomers of carbohydrates ?

A

monosaccharides (single sugar molecule)

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1
Q

what are the elements of carbohydrates?

A

Carbon
hydrogen
oxygen

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2
Q

what are examples of carbohydrates ?

A

fructose
galactose
glucose

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3
Q

what are the functions of carbohydrates ?

A

main source of energy

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4
Q

what are food sources of carbohydrates ?

A

fruits

veggies

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5
Q

what are elements of lipids ?

A

Carbon
hydrogen
oxygen

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6
Q

what are monomers of lipids ?

A

glycerol

3 fatty acids

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7
Q

what are examples of lipids ?

A

fats
oils
steroids
hormones

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8
Q

what are the functions of lipids ?

A

stores energy

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9
Q

what are food sources of lipids ?

A

meats

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10
Q

how are amino acids and proteins related ?

A

proteins are made up of amino acids

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11
Q

how are simple sugars and starches related ?

A

simple sugars & starches are both carbohydrates

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12
Q

how are nucleotides related to DNA and RNA?

A

DNA & RNA make up nucleotides

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13
Q

how are glycerol and fatty acids related to lipids ?

A

glycerol & fatty acids are monomers of lipids

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14
Q

a body that is dehydrated will have a temp that is ??????

A

increasing

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15
Q

water acts as a ________ for body temperature ?

A

buffer

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16
Q

what energy molecules are used for growth and development ?

A

ATP

17
Q

Mitochondria:

A

conducts cellular respiration & ATP

18
Q

Chloroplasts:

A

contains green pigment, photosynthesis

19
Q

what is the function of the cell membrane ? why is this important ?

A

regulates what enters & exits the cell. it is good for maintaining homeostasis

20
Q

how does Osmotic pressure relate to Homeostasis ?

A

equal out water (molecules to ensure stability in the body)

21
Q

what does homeostasis mean ? why is it important ?

A

variables are regulated so conditions remain stable & constant. cells can only live in specific conditions

22
Q

does facilitated diffusion require energy ?

A

no

23
Q

when plants conduct photosynthesis what are the reactants ?

A

Carbon dioxide

water

24
Q

when plants conduct photosynthesis what are the products ? (what do they release ?)

A

sugars & oxygen

energy is released

25
Q

what is the effect of temp. on the rate of photosynthesis?

A

if the temp. increases then the rate of photosynthesis increases a certain point declines

26
Q

what is the effect light intensity has on photosynthesis ?

A

as light increases the rate of photosynthesis increases them levels off

27
Q

we are suffering a drought, how is this affecting the plants ability to do photosynthesis ?

A

no photosynthesis

28
Q

what are the reactants and products of cellular respiration ?

A

sugars + oxygen —> Carbon dioxide, water, & energy

29
Q

where in the cell does photosynthesis occur ? where does photosynthesis occur ?

A

chloroplasts

mitochondria

30
Q

if your muscles run out of oxygen they start doing lactic acid fermentation. what effect does this have on your muscles ?

A

muscles become sore & must slow down to replenish your oxygen supply

31
Q

what is the function of ATP ?

A

provides energy for processes such as muscular contraction

32
Q

how is energy released from the ATP molecule ?

A

when it is hydronized. between the bonds of the second and third phosphate. exits

33
Q

is mitosis a haploid or diploid ?

A

diploid

34
Q

plane the following in a proper sequence for protein synthesis: Trait, DNA sequence, Protein Function, Protein shape, RNA sequence, Amino Acid sequence

A

DNA sequence, RNA sequence, amino acid, protein shape, protein function, trait

35
Q

where is the mRNA produced, and what is the process called ?

A

nucleus

transcription

36
Q

what is a mutation ?

A

permanent change of nucleotide sequence

37
Q

list 3 mutagens that can cause cancer

A

radiation, chemicals, & damage to DNA molecule (carcinogen)

38
Q

how does a change in DNA affect the protein produced ?

A

effects everything

39
Q

the beaker is filled with water and the tube is filled with sucrose. since the membrane is selectively permeable to water, what will water do ?

A

move into the tube

final exam semester 1 biology (1 decks)

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