Final Exam. Flashcards
Cumulative review of course. Main focus on third section [chapters 9-11].
What is PRIMOGENITURE?
- When the eldest son of a family would inherit everything upon the death of his father.
- The eldest son could distribute the wealth equally to his siblings but did not have to, more so keeping it all to himself.
- Family feuds.
- Females were forces into a second class role & did not have much say in anything.
James Short’s definition of the term GANG.
- Groups of young people whose members meet together with some regularity, over time, on the basis of group-definded criteria of membership & organizational characteristics.
- Gangs are unsupervised [by adults], self-determining groups that demonstrate continuity over time.
Malcolm Klein’s definition of the term GANG.
Any denotable adolescent group of youngsters who:
- Are seen as an evident group by others in their communities.
- See themselves as a denotable group [w/group name].
- Partake in enough delinquent acts to draw attention to them by their communities &/or law enforcement agencies.
Malcolm Klein argued that two factors stood out in all the definitions relating to the term GANG. What were they?
- Members have self-recognition of their status & use special vocabulary, clothing, signs, colors, graffiti, & names. Members set themselves apart from the community & are viewed as separate entities by others. Once labeled as a “GANG”, members usually accept & take price in their status.
- Their is a commitment to criminal activity, although even the most criminal members spend the bulk of their time in noncriminal activities.
What is an INTERSTITIAL GROUP?
A delinquent group that fills a crack in the social fabric & maintains standard group practices.
Explain the INGRAM VS. WRIGHT case.
A 1977 SC case that spoke on the issue of corporal punishment in school systems, which upheld the right of teachers to use corporal punishment.
- 8th & 14th Amendments violated - No.
- Only reasonable punishments allowed in SS.
- No different than doing the same at home.
What does UCR stand for?
Uniform Crime Report.
What is the UCR?
Most widely used source of national crime & delinquency statistics compiled annually by the FBI.
What are some advantages of the UCR?
- Researchers can study trends over time since it comes out annually.
- Researchers can study geographical trends since it incorporates data throughout the US.
- The data provided is easily available.
- The data provided is free.
What are some disadvantages of the UCR?
- The data does not account for crimes not brought to police attentions.
- Only the most seriously offenses in an episodes are accounted for.
- Only accounts for index crimes, which there are only 8.
- Reporting of data to the FBI is voluntary, so not all police officers report their data.
What is DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION?
A theory that focuses on the idea that delinquent behavior is learned.
What are the 9 statements of DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION?
- CB is learned.
- CB is learned by social interactions with other people.
- CB is learned primarily within personal groups.
- Techniques of committing crime are learned.
- Motives & drives are learned from definitions of the law.
- Delinquency occurs when the definitions favorable to violating the law outweigh the ones favorable to the law.
- Association may vary based on intensity, durations, priority, or frequency.
- Learning CB does not differ from other forms of learning.
- The motives for delinquent behavior cannot be the same for convectional learning.
What is SOCIAL DISORGANIZATION?
The inability of a community to exert social control allows youths the freedom to engage in delinquency.
What is LIBERAL FEMINISM?
Asserts that females are less delinquent than males because their social roles provide them with fewer outlets to commit crimes.
Explain the TINKER VS. DES MOINES case.
A 1969 SC case decision concerning the a students right to passive speech. The case involved the right to wear black armbands to protest the war in Vietnam.
