Final Exam Flashcards
Name of artwork, place, artist, time period, year
Dying Gaul
Hellenistic Period, 300 BCE
Straight, curly hair, mustache, detailed anatomy, jewerly, weapon (whip), fallen to the ground. Gauls are non greek. The Greeks battled the Gauls. This is a monument for a victory of the Gauls, no Greeks, only defeated Gauls. Messy hair, necklace and mustache mark him as non Greek.
Name of artwork, place, artist, time period, year
Old Market Woman
Hellenistic Period, 300 BCE
Her pose, her desperation shows Hellenistic. Its everyday life. Poor, aged and disheveled look. Response is pity.
Name of artwork, place, artist, time period, year
Nike of Samothrace
Hellenistic Period, 300 BCE
Missing arms, and head. Monument celebrating a naval victory. Standing on the front of the ship.
Nike’s represent victory. Poster and strength of poster is victorious. Fabric is moving backward,
Through the wings her body is showing movement and victory moving forward.
Name of artwork, place, artist, time period, year
Athena Attacking the Giants
Hellenistic Period, 300 BCE
Marble Relief. Height 7‘7”.
Athena is shown battling a male monster and grabbing his hair. Nike swoops in to place a crown Athena with the victory wreath.
Name of artwork, place, artist, time period, year
Aulus Metellus
Roman, 500BCE - 400CE
Lifesize, bronze, canon of proportions, contropposta pose.
Sources and Influence. Romans reject nudity. Romans wore togas if they were in the senate. A iconic gesture of addressing a crowd.
Name of artwork, place, artist, time period, year
Augustus of Primaporta
Roman, 500BCE - 400CE
Portrait of Augustus, arm out to address the city. Active contrapposto pose, the ideal body figure, flawless looking.
Toga wrapped to show he is powerful, wearing a staff to show power, having cupid riding on a dolphin.
Politically propaganda stated that he was related to Venus, and cupid (The son of venus).
Chest plate of armour- Left (Augustus), Right (Enemy he just killed who is handing him a standard (a pole with a flag symbolizes victory), over head Jupiter (Zeus) watching and celebrating him.
Name of artwork, place, artist, time period, year
Imperial procession
Roman, 500BCE - 400CE
On all 4 walls. Roman Realism. Sense of depth to show a crowd, each person is different,drapery realism, the feet are tipping out. Making them become symbolically real as they step out of the relief.
Name of artwork, place, artist, time period, year
Allegory of peace
Roman, 500BCE - 400CE
Suggest abundance, Romulus and Remus babies, woman is Goddess of Earth (Telesmatar). (Rome is being taken care of from Mother Earth.)
Swan lady and Sea lady holding drapery, says the represent the winds. Left (Land winds) Right (Sea winds). Wind figures represent the vastness of how large the Roman Empire. Remember its on the Augustus Peace, so its to remind you that he brought you all of this abundance.
Name of artwork, place, artist, time period, year
Garden Scene, Villa of Livia
Roman, 500BCE - 400CE
Garden scene, dining room Villa of Livia, late 1st century BCE
Realism. Painting away the walls, bringing the outside in.
Creating illusions, by painting 3D beyond the wall, making you think you can walk into the garden.
Name of artwork, place, artist, time period, year
Cityscape, House of Publius Fannius Synistor
Roman, 500BCE - 400CE
The view is you seating on a balcony looking onto a cityscape from the balcony view. Entire room, all 4 walls.
Name of artwork, place, artist, time period, year
Pantheon
Roman, 500BCE - 400CE
Roman temple for all the Gods, most important piece of architecture.
Huge rotunda topped by a dome, the architectural feat building a dome because of the squares called Coffers. 140 ft tall. Coffers n Oculus help support the dome. Walls are 20ft thick. The oculus is open making you see the heavens, if it rains, it rains in the Pantheon.
Name of artwork, place, artist, time period, year
Colosseum
Roman, 500BCE - 400CE
Gladiator fights, entertainment arena. Built to take care of the Romans. Largest structure of its time. Seats 40-50k ppl. Scale of a modern day baseball field. Inaugurated it with 100 days of Gladiator games.
Made of concrete, faced with white marbles, Engaged columns. The round arch makes it a stronger support system.
Name of artwork, place, artist, time period, year
Column of Trajan
Roman, 500BCE - 400CE
Erected to celebrate the Emperor Trajan. Largest column, or monument. 98 ft tall. 11 ft wide. Relief sculpture winding around made of marble. Different battles, victories, etc of his reign. 150 episodes of Trajans life.
Name of artwork, place, artist, time period, year
Caracalla
Roman, 500BCE - 400BCE
Ruthless, power hungry ruler. Very serious, tense look. Stuble on face, gives a courseness. Deep eyes make him very dramatic. He is eventually murdered.
Name of artwork, place, artist, time period, year
The Tetrarchs
Roman, 500BCE - 400BCE
Made out of Porphyry, Emperor Dicyclian divides the Roman empire in to 2 halves, with two ppl helping them and makes 4 people in charge of the Roman Empire. 2 main ppl in charge are called Augustus (like a President) then 2 others are Vice President. The crown and costume they have all are not like the normal Romans were. The statue is not meant to represent individuals, they are so far away from the Roman look and feel. The message trumps the artist capabilities, to serve Rome and not
themselves. Each pair embrace, like a brotherhood, unity, but they are all attached. Lasts for maybe a decade.
Name of artwork, place, artist, time period, year
Wall with Torah niche, Synagogue, Dura-Europs
Jewish, 244
The walls are of Jewish narratives. Its unusual to find figural Jewish art
anywhere. The Jewish hold close the 2nd amendment, which prohibits worshipping idols.
Name of artwork, place, artist, time period, year
Moses crossing the Red Sea
Jewish, 244
2D, flat and static, no modeling, no realism, Hieractic scale.
Moses is leading his people out of the Red Sea. Hands are God. Lacks realism. Limited color palette, no shadows or highlights. Composition is confusing, This is old way of thinking. This is a illegal faith at this time, so they are rushing, separate the art from Roman Art. The artists are not
trainined compared to Roman artists.
Name of artwork, place, artist, time period, year
Exterior, Church of Santa Sabina
Early Christian, 420
Based there buildings on the Basilica in Rome. This is a new beginning for the Christians, because they believe in one God. The acoustics of an audience hall, like the Basilica was ideal. Exterior is simple and brick.
Name of artwork, place, artist, time period, year
Interior, Church of Santa Sabina
Early Christian, 420
The acoustics of an audience hall like the Basilica was ideal. Has Nave, Side Aisles and Apse.
Name of artwork, place, artist, time period, year
Exterior, Mausoleum Of Galla Placidia
Early Christian, 420
Now its a tomb of Galla Placidia. It was built 25 yrs before she died but no ones what it was for. Typical for Christian Architecture. Outside is very very bland. Blind arches (arches that go no where).
Name of artwork, place, artist, time period, year
Interior, Mausoleum of Galla Placidia
Early Christian, 420
Interior is lavishly decorated with mosaic. Marble walls half way up, marble mosaic rest of wall and ceiling. Tesserae is the actual tile used to make the mosaic. Creates amazing light effects. Aww inspiring like God was meant to be.
Name of artwork, place, artist, time period, year
Good Shepherd in story of Jonah, Catacombs
Early Christian, 420
Ceiling is painted. Entire reference is shaped as a cross, medallion in middle shows Christ as the Good Sheppard. Semi-circles have the story of Jonah. (Jonah is swallowed by a whale, punished by God for not following orders) he lives after being spit out of the whale. It should be stated that Jonah was part of the plan of God because he died 3 days like Jesus did. Jesus and God all parts of the bigger plan God hs for us.
Name of artwork, place, artist, time period, year
Justinian as World Conqueror
Byzantine, 540
Hieractic scale, upper part shows Jesus cross in one hand with three fingers up (trinity), lower shows conquering of barbarians. Barbarians (Pagans) are hunched over, hair messy. There are the Nikes around him.
Justinian makes Christianity the only legal religion allowed, and kill others. Just like the Christians did to the other religions. He is in charge of church and state.
Name of artwork, place, artist, time period, year
Anthemius and Isidorus, Church of Hagia Sophia
Byzantine, 540
Bricks and mortar, not concrete, not as stable. Large dome church (One whole dome, then half domes that radiate off the main dome). Has 40 windows running along the base, symbolic to the halo on Jesus. Floor to half way up is marble stone in different colors. Ceiling and rest of walls are covered in mosaic. Gold leaf tesserae. Coffers in the ceiling, attempt to compete with Pantheon. Larger in width, but not as high. Interior is meant to overwhelm you.
The ritual was actually performed in the middle, under the dome, not in the aspe. and ppl sat in the aisles.
- Halo of light-This one has 40 windows running along the base, symbolic to the halo on Jesus.
- Pendentive**- the triangles coming off the dome, that go into the wall. There are usually 4 of them. They transfer the weight from the dome to the wall.
DO NOT LOOK AT-Pointy towers were not part of the church. Slender towers put on the sides of the
tower, after, in the 15th century they were added cuz it turns into a islamic mosque.
Name of artwork, place, artist, time period, year
Emperor Justinian and his Attendants, San Vitale
Byzantine, 540
Mosaic. There is no Atmospheric perspective, no human interactive, no 3D, a lot of repetitive. Byzantine art do not care about realism, just symbolism, uses heavy gold background.
Justinian wants to look like Jesus in this picture. The crown, halo, robe (same color), 12 attendants (12 apostles), holding bread (last supper). but Max is half in front and half in the back, so he and Max are equal for this only.
Name of artwork, place, artist, time period, year
Empress Theodora and her Attendants, San Vitale
Byzantine, 540
Grandized just like Justinian. Purple gown, large halo, headdress, holding wine, (ritual of Eucharist). The backdrop shows she is not heavenly, its not gold, but the curtain guy is ushering her to the church to the heavenly place.
Considered divine-as she shows the halo. Only Byzantine shows the halo as symbolic to mean divine (Christ like). Hem of dress has a register-3 kings that bought gifts to the Christ child.
EXTRA: Woman are usually still not included in any kind of power and/or art. She seemed to rule jointly with Justinian. She was an actress/prostitute. Law that rulers could not marry them, Justinian changed the law so he could marry her. She is significant because she went from the rags to riches.
Name of artwork, place, artist, time period, year
Christ enthroned, San Vitale
Byzantine, 540
Youthful, blue ball is the orb of the world. purple robe is for royalty, handing over a crown and the church to Jesus.
Name of artwork, place, artist, time period, year
Virgin of Vladimir
Byzantine, 540
Outfit is Eastern, gold leaf. She is wearing blue/purple gown and he has a matching belt. No realism.
The Virgin of Compassion (very close to each other). She has a gaze of knowing he will die to reference the fact that she knows what will happen. This portrait was to make him more manlike and not baby.
Name of artwork, place, artist, time period, year
Page from Koran
Islamic, 700
Calligraphy becomes the way to write because they are not allowed to use figures.
The Koran is NOT a narrative book, the bible and torah are narrative. There are no stories, instead it is considered the direct WORD of God (Allah) as
communicated thru Muhammed.
Name of artwork, place, artist, time period, year
Dome of the rock
Islamic, 700
After the Kaba this is the next most sacred spot.
Exterior is very decorative. One story octagonal shaped building with a dome out of the middle where the rock is. Inside is also elaborate and decorative, mosaics, bright colors, alternating stone work, Corinthian columns with different bases. The building has two aisles, inner and an outer ambulatory rings, bottom ring of windows. Decorations are abstract and vine like.
The building is constructed over a ROCK. Umayyads constructed.This now demonstrates their presence politically. Heaven is describes as a lush and lavish garden, which the vine like abstracts are like.
This rock they believe that Muhammed ascended into heaven. Christians believe: This rock ppl also believe that Adam was born or risen. And ppl believe that this is where Abraham took his son to Isaac to be sacrificed.
Name of artwork, place, artist, time period, year
Prayer hall, Great Mosque
Islamic, 700
All columns and arches, double flying arches.
Associates this place with the Dome of the Rock by looking somewhat like it. Intended for regular worship. Marks a moment when the faith spreads into Spain. Double arches are used consistently in Islamic architecture. (Flying arches means they look like they spring off of the bottom column and arch.)
Name of artwork, place, artist, time period, year
Mihrab, Great Mosque
Islamic, 700
Gold tesserae that form intricate calligraphic bands and vegetal motifs that adorn the arch. Crisscrossing ribs that create pointed arches all lavishly covered with gold mosaic in a radial pattern.
The focal point in the prayer hall is the famous horseshoe arched mihrab or prayer niche. A mihrab is used in a mosque to identify the wall that faces Mecca.
Name of artwork, place, artist, time period, year
Seated Buddha, Cave 20, Yungang
Chinese, 400
Parts of a 250 cave complex. This is a limestone rock cut cave. The artist actually cut out the rock to create the buddha. Being carved from a rock in the ground, makes it part of the world. 45 ft tall. Ears are long and stretched from when he was a Prince and wore earrings. The hair is a cranial rotrusion
which marks enlightenment. His face is happy and relaxed. This is the origin of Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism is later on.
Name of artwork, place, artist, time period, year
Fan Kuan, Travelers among mountains and streams
Chinese, 400
Ink on Paper. 7ft tall. Foreground, Middle Ground and Background. A transgression into space.
Tiny travelers in a vast huge world, the bigness of nature by moving through it. Your eyes are forced to wander and look around compared to the Western Art. Based solely on Fan Kuans Li and Qi, not an actual location.
Name of artwork, place, artist, time period, year
Horyu-ji
Japanese, 650
This is one of the first sacred architecture Japan. Made out off wood, oldest wooden structures of today.
Pagoda- Asian reliquary structure with multiple stories, each tier has eaves that project out.
(Reliquary- A large container of sacred objects, not meant to be entered, just for sacred relics.)
Name of artwork, place, artist, time period, year
Hungry Tigress Jataka
Japanese, 650
Lacquer paint. Made from the sap of a lacquer tree. The sap is colored and then applied in layers, fit into pieces and then glossed over. Lacquer from a lacquer tree is actually poisonous until dried.
A jataka is a story of a passed life of the buddha (reincarnation). One of the lives he lived demonstrated why he is a buddha, he sacrificed himself to a tigress who needed to feed her cubs. Buddha is long and lean here, exaggerated becomes more international. The floral designs become
international as well.
Name of artwork, place, artist, time period, year
Monk Sewing
Japanese, 650
Ink
Monks lived in monasteries, not wandering around preaching … they took ordinary live activities, such as sewing or working in a garden, as a form of meditation.
