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Dental Community > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

0
Q

Onset of oral hygiene movement was in what year?

A

1843

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1
Q

Dr Levi Parmly recommended to the American society of dental surgeons a daily oral hygiene regime to promote among patients in what year?

A

1819

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2
Q

First use of the term “prophylaxis” was what year?

A

1870

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3
Q

Hygiene was advocated as part of the practice of dentistry by dr Arthur of Baltimore in what year?

A

1871

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4
Q

Dr Alfred C Fones “founder of dental hygiene” trained mrs Newman to do prophys in what year?

A

1906

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5
Q

The term “dental hygiene” was coined

A

1913

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6
Q

Dr Fones started the first courses for hygiene in Bridgeport CT in what year?

A

1913

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7
Q

27 women graduated from dr Fones program in what year?

A

1914

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8
Q

First dental hygiene license was issued to Irene Newman in what year?

A

1917

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9
Q

Public health has broad areas of interest in ..?

A

Lifestyle, environment, human biology, organization of health programs and systems

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10
Q

In public health, the patient is..

A

The population

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11
Q

Additional skills for a hygienist in public health includes what?

A

Knowledge in research methods, program administration, assessment, prevention and control of oral disease, knowledge of financing dental services

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12
Q

The primary roles of a public health hygienist include what?

A 
Change agent
Consumer advocate
Administrator
Researcher 
Educator 
Clinician
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13
Q

Looking for change legislative involvement

A

Change agent

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14
Q

Consultant for target populations

A

Consumer advocate

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15
Q

Coordinator for health programs

A

Administrator

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16
Q

Conducts studies for health disease

A

Researcher

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17
Q

Promotes dental health

A

Educator

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18
Q

Offers clinical care

A

Clinician

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19
Q

The primary role of public health is what?

A

Education

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20
Q

An example of dental education of the public include what?

A

Health fairs

School presentations

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21
Q

Examples of education of dental profession includes?..

A

Conferences

Table clinics

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22
Q

Application of dental research includes?..

A

Community water fluoridation

Sealant programs

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23
Q

Example of administration of group dental care programs include?

A

State or local dental public health departments and state director of dental public health

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24
Q

The resolution of explicit oral health car needs through the delivery or provision of oral health care services by means of organized and sometimes interdependent activities

A

Oral healthcare delivery systems

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25
Q

What are the four levels of government?

A

International
Federal
State
Local

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26
Q

Addresses concerns at an international level/population

World health organization

A

International gov

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27
Q

Addresses concerns at a national level/ population

(Center for disease control and prevention)
(Health resources and services administration)
(National institute of health)

A

Federal gov

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28
Q

Addresses concerns at state level

Administers state wide programs

Consultation source for local gov

A

State gov

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29
Q

Addresses concerns on local level

County or city health department

A

Local gov

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30
Q

What are the 2 modes of delivery?

A

Private sector

Public sector

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31
Q

Private sector:

Franchise dental practice
Corporate dental practice

A

Franchise- practicing under trade name

Corporate- company owned and operated

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32
Q

Public sector:

Community health centers

Us public health services

A

Community health centers= federally funded group practice

Us Public Health Service=

  • health research and promotion
  • dental care for natives, prisoners, coast guard
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33
Q

Public sector:

National health science corps

State and local programs

A

National health science corps- federally sponsored program to reduce maldistribution of healthcare providers

State and local programs- programs addressing state , county, cities indigent population

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34
Q

Financing:

What is the barter system?

A

Negotiated payment via exchange of goods

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35
Q

Financing:

Fee for service

Capitation

A

Fee for service= traditional payment for performance

Capitation= contracted care

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36
Q

Two party cash system =

A

Cash, check, charge

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37
Q

Third party system =

A

Insurance, employer

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38
Q

Commercial insurance=

A

Operates for profit

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39
Q

Health maintenance organization

A

Managed care

Control cost

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40
Q

Preferred provider organization

A

Managed care

More freedom regarding provider

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41
Q

Public financing

Title XVII =

A

Elderly

42
Q

Public financing

Title XIX Medicaid

A

Indigent

43
Q

Public financing

Title XXI

A

SCHIP

44
Q

What are examples of public financing ?

A 
Us dept of veterans affair 
CHAMPUS
Head Start
Public health services 
Maternal and children health services
Indian health services
State programs
45
Q

Professional judgement as to the amount and kind of health care services required to attain or maintain health

A

Need

46
Q

Perceived need quantity of care individuals themselves feel that they need determined by the public or patient

A

Felt need

47
Q

Desire of public to receive treatment

A

Demand

48
Q

Number of individuals that use dental services volume and type of service actually consumed

A

Utilization

49
Q

What are the factors the affect demand?

A 
Awareness 
Health
Access
Professionals
Technology 
Education
50
Q

The meeting of accumulated dental needs at the time of a population is taken into a program

A

Initial care

51
Q

The detection and correction of new increments of dental disease on a semiannual or periodic basis

A

Maintenance care

52
Q

Initial care + Maintenance care + preventative measures =

A

Comprehensive care

53
Q

Financial cost is what ratio?

A

5:1 costs $5 for initial care.. $1 maintenance care

54
Q

Seat time cost is what ratio?

A

3:1 takes 3 hrs for initial .. 1 hr for maintenance

55
Q

1 barrier is what?

A

Fear

56
Q

What are the 3 treatment levels?

A

Primary, secondary, tertiary

57
Q

Prevention of disease before it occurs

A

Primary

58
Q

Early disease control including early identification and prompt treatment

A

Secondary

59
Q

Provision of services that prevent further disability

A

Tertiary

60
Q

What are the 2 methods of evaluations and what are examples of this?

A

Nonclinical - face to face interviews, telephone interview, surveys

Clinical - basic screenings, epidemiology examinations

61
Q

What is type 1 examination?

A

Complete examination

mouth mirror and explorer

  • adequate lighting
  • laboratory tests
  • radiographs
  • study models
62
Q

What is type 2 examination?

A

Limited examination

Mouth mirror and explorer
Adequate lighting
Radiographs

63
Q

What is type 3 examination?

A

Inspection

Commonly used by RDH in public health.. Nursing homes and hospital setting

Mouth mirror and explorer, light source

64
Q

What is type 4 examination?

A

Screening

Commonly used by RDH in public health, schools and health fairs

Tongue depressor
Light source

65
Q

A graduated numerical scale with upper and lower limits scores on the scale correspond to a specific criterion for individuals or populations.

A

Index

66
Q

An expression of clinical observation in numeric value

A

Dental index

67
Q

What does an index present?

A

An index can be more consistent and less subjective than a word description of the condition

It also allows for comparison with other groups or individuals

68
Q

Why use indices in community health?

A

Show prevalence and trend
Provides baseline data
Assess the needs of a population
Compares and evaluates community program

69
Q

What are the 2 categories of indices?

A

Simple index and cumulative index

70
Q

One that measures the presence or absence of a condition

A

Simple index

71
Q

One that measures all the evidence of a condition past and present

A

Cumulative index

72
Q

What are the 2 types of indices?

A

Reversible and irreversible

73
Q

Measures condition that can be reversed or resolved

A

Reversible

74
Q

Measures cumulative condition that cannot be reversed

A

Irreversible

75
Q

What are characteristics of an effective index?

A 
Simple to use and calculate 
Require minimum expense and equipment
Uses minimal time to complete
Reproducible 
Does not cause discomfort 
Easily analyzed 
Clear cut criteria easy to use 
Free from subjective interpretation
76
Q

One examiner

A

Intra examiner

77
Q

Two or more examiners

A

Inter examiner

78
Q

DMFT or DMFS irreversible

A

Decayed missing filled teeth/ surfaces

79
Q

DEFT irreversible

A

Decayed need for extraction filled

80
Q

DFT or DFS irreversible

A

Decayed filled teeth/surfaces

81
Q

RCI irreversible

A

Root caries index

82
Q

OHI-S reversible

A

Simplified oral hygiene index

83
Q

PII reversible

A

Plaque index

84
Q

PHP reversible

A

Patient hygiene performance

85
Q

GI reversible

A

Gingival index

86
Q

SBI reversible

A

Sulcular bleeding index

87
Q

PDI irreversible

A

Periodontal disease index (ramjford )

88
Q

PI irreversible

A

Periodontal index (Russell)

89
Q

PSR irreversible

A

Periodontal screening and recording

90
Q

Fluorosis irreversible

A

Deans classification for fluorosis

91
Q

Process of ensuring consistency within and among examiners

A

Calibration

92
Q

A multifaceted process of identifying factors that affect the oral health status of a selected population

A

Community oral health assessment

93
Q

Pieces of info collected using measurements and or counts

A

Data

94
Q

The process of gathering info through the use of tools such as dental indices

A

Data collection

95
Q

The study of relationships of various factors that determine the frequency and distribution of diseases in the human community, study of health and disease in a population

A

Epidemiology

96
Q

On going evaluation to monitor each step in the dental hygiene process of care on going feedback that determines any needed changes

A

Formative evaluation

97
Q

The total number of cases of a specific disease or condition in existence Ina given population at a certain time

A

Prevalence

98
Q

Answering the why and how of a public health program or research project

A

Qualitative evaluation

99
Q

A numerical evaluation of dental public health program or research project

A

Quantitative evaluation

100
Q

Ability of an index or test procedure to measure consistently at different times and under a variety of conditions, reproducibility, consistency

A

Reliability

101
Q

Formal standardized evaluation procedures conducted at the end of a treatment series

A

Summative evaluation

102
Q

Ability of an index or test procedure to measure what it is intended to measure

A

Validity

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