Final Exam Flashcards
0
Q
Onset of oral hygiene movement was in what year?
A
1843
1
Q
Dr Levi Parmly recommended to the American society of dental surgeons a daily oral hygiene regime to promote among patients in what year?
A
1819
2
Q
First use of the term “prophylaxis” was what year?
A
1870
3
Q
Hygiene was advocated as part of the practice of dentistry by dr Arthur of Baltimore in what year?
A
1871
4
Q
Dr Alfred C Fones “founder of dental hygiene” trained mrs Newman to do prophys in what year?
A
1906
5
Q
The term “dental hygiene” was coined
A
1913
6
Q
Dr Fones started the first courses for hygiene in Bridgeport CT in what year?
A
1913
7
Q
27 women graduated from dr Fones program in what year?
A
1914
8
Q
First dental hygiene license was issued to Irene Newman in what year?
A
1917
9
Q
Public health has broad areas of interest in ..?
A
Lifestyle, environment, human biology, organization of health programs and systems
10
Q
In public health, the patient is..
A
The population
11
Q
Additional skills for a hygienist in public health includes what?
A
Knowledge in research methods, program administration, assessment, prevention and control of oral disease, knowledge of financing dental services
12
Q
The primary roles of a public health hygienist include what?
A
Change agent Consumer advocate Administrator Researcher Educator Clinician
13
Q
Looking for change legislative involvement
A
Change agent
14
Q
Consultant for target populations
A
Consumer advocate
15
Q
Coordinator for health programs
A
Administrator
16
Q
Conducts studies for health disease
A
Researcher
17
Q
Promotes dental health
A
Educator
18
Q
Offers clinical care
A
Clinician
19
Q
The primary role of public health is what?
A
Education
20
Q
An example of dental education of the public include what?
A
Health fairs
School presentations
21
Q
Examples of education of dental profession includes?..
A
Conferences
Table clinics
22
Q
Application of dental research includes?..
A
Community water fluoridation
Sealant programs
23
Q
Example of administration of group dental care programs include?
A
State or local dental public health departments and state director of dental public health
24
The resolution of explicit oral health car needs through the delivery or provision of oral health care services by means of organized and sometimes interdependent activities
Oral healthcare delivery systems
25
What are the four levels of government?
International
Federal
State
Local
26
Addresses concerns at an international level/population
| World health organization
International gov
27
Addresses concerns at a national level/ population
(Center for disease control and prevention)
(Health resources and services administration)
(National institute of health)
Federal gov
28
Addresses concerns at state level
Administers state wide programs
Consultation source for local gov
State gov
29
Addresses concerns on local level
County or city health department
Local gov
30
What are the 2 modes of delivery?
Private sector
| Public sector
31
Private sector:
Franchise dental practice
Corporate dental practice
Franchise- practicing under trade name
Corporate- company owned and operated
32
Public sector:
Community health centers
Us public health services
Community health centers= federally funded group practice
Us Public Health Service=
- health research and promotion
- dental care for natives, prisoners, coast guard
33
Public sector:
National health science corps
State and local programs
National health science corps- federally sponsored program to reduce maldistribution of healthcare providers
State and local programs- programs addressing state , county, cities indigent population
34
Financing:
What is the barter system?
Negotiated payment via exchange of goods
35
Financing:
Fee for service
Capitation
Fee for service= traditional payment for performance
Capitation= contracted care
36
Two party cash system =
Cash, check, charge
37
Third party system =
Insurance, employer
38
Commercial insurance=
Operates for profit
39
Health maintenance organization
Managed care
| Control cost
40
Preferred provider organization
Managed care
| More freedom regarding provider
41
Public financing
Title XVII =
Elderly
42
Public financing
Title XIX Medicaid
Indigent
43
Public financing
Title XXI
SCHIP
44
What are examples of public financing ?
```
Us dept of veterans affair
CHAMPUS
Head Start
Public health services
Maternal and children health services
Indian health services
State programs
```
45
Professional judgement as to the amount and kind of health care services required to attain or maintain health
Need
46
Perceived need quantity of care individuals themselves feel that they need determined by the public or patient
Felt need
47
Desire of public to receive treatment
Demand
48
Number of individuals that use dental services volume and type of service actually consumed
Utilization
49
What are the factors the affect demand?
```
Awareness
Health
Access
Professionals
Technology
Education
```
50
The meeting of accumulated dental needs at the time of a population is taken into a program
Initial care
51
The detection and correction of new increments of dental disease on a semiannual or periodic basis
Maintenance care
52
Initial care + Maintenance care + preventative measures =
Comprehensive care
53
Financial cost is what ratio?
5:1 costs $5 for initial care.. $1 maintenance care
54
Seat time cost is what ratio?
3:1 takes 3 hrs for initial .. 1 hr for maintenance
55
#1 barrier is what?
Fear
56
What are the 3 treatment levels?
Primary, secondary, tertiary
57
Prevention of disease before it occurs
Primary
58
Early disease control including early identification and prompt treatment
Secondary
59
Provision of services that prevent further disability
Tertiary
60
What are the 2 methods of evaluations and what are examples of this?
Nonclinical - face to face interviews, telephone interview, surveys
Clinical - basic screenings, epidemiology examinations
61
What is type 1 examination?
Complete examination
mouth mirror and explorer
- adequate lighting
- laboratory tests
- radiographs
- study models
62
What is type 2 examination?
Limited examination
Mouth mirror and explorer
Adequate lighting
Radiographs
63
What is type 3 examination?
Inspection
Commonly used by RDH in public health.. Nursing homes and hospital setting
Mouth mirror and explorer, light source
64
What is type 4 examination?
Screening
Commonly used by RDH in public health, schools and health fairs
Tongue depressor
Light source
65
A graduated numerical scale with upper and lower limits scores on the scale correspond to a specific criterion for individuals or populations.
Index
66
An expression of clinical observation in numeric value
Dental index
67
What does an index present?
An index can be more consistent and less subjective than a word description of the condition
It also allows for comparison with other groups or individuals
68
Why use indices in community health?
Show prevalence and trend
Provides baseline data
Assess the needs of a population
Compares and evaluates community program
69
What are the 2 categories of indices?
Simple index and cumulative index
70
One that measures the presence or absence of a condition
Simple index
71
One that measures all the evidence of a condition past and present
Cumulative index
72
What are the 2 types of indices?
Reversible and irreversible
73
Measures condition that can be reversed or resolved
Reversible
74
Measures cumulative condition that cannot be reversed
Irreversible
75
What are characteristics of an effective index?
```
Simple to use and calculate
Require minimum expense and equipment
Uses minimal time to complete
Reproducible
Does not cause discomfort
Easily analyzed
Clear cut criteria easy to use
Free from subjective interpretation
```
76
One examiner
Intra examiner
77
Two or more examiners
Inter examiner
78
DMFT or DMFS irreversible
Decayed missing filled teeth/ surfaces
79
DEFT irreversible
Decayed need for extraction filled
80
DFT or DFS irreversible
Decayed filled teeth/surfaces
81
RCI irreversible
Root caries index
82
OHI-S reversible
Simplified oral hygiene index
83
PII reversible
Plaque index
84
PHP reversible
Patient hygiene performance
85
GI reversible
Gingival index
86
SBI reversible
Sulcular bleeding index
87
PDI irreversible
Periodontal disease index (ramjford )
88
PI irreversible
Periodontal index (Russell)
89
PSR irreversible
Periodontal screening and recording
90
Fluorosis irreversible
Deans classification for fluorosis
91
Process of ensuring consistency within and among examiners
Calibration
92
A multifaceted process of identifying factors that affect the oral health status of a selected population
Community oral health assessment
93
Pieces of info collected using measurements and or counts
Data
94
The process of gathering info through the use of tools such as dental indices
Data collection
95
The study of relationships of various factors that determine the frequency and distribution of diseases in the human community, study of health and disease in a population
Epidemiology
96
On going evaluation to monitor each step in the dental hygiene process of care on going feedback that determines any needed changes
Formative evaluation
97
The total number of cases of a specific disease or condition in existence Ina given population at a certain time
Prevalence
98
Answering the why and how of a public health program or research project
Qualitative evaluation
99
A numerical evaluation of dental public health program or research project
Quantitative evaluation
100
Ability of an index or test procedure to measure consistently at different times and under a variety of conditions, reproducibility, consistency
Reliability
101
Formal standardized evaluation procedures conducted at the end of a treatment series
Summative evaluation
102
Ability of an index or test procedure to measure what it is intended to measure
Validity
