Final Exam Flashcards
Ableism
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Disability
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Temporarily Able-Bodied
This term is used by some disabilities rights activists in place of the phrases “able-bodied” and “non-disabled” to raise consciousness about the fact that anyone can become disabled due to illness, accidents, aging, wars, and so forth.
Freak Shows
Freak shows were very popular up until the early 1990s. Although freak shows exploited and objectified people with disabilities, they also provided employment for people who had great difficulty finding work.
The Eugenics Movement
In the late 1800s and early 1900s, the eugenics movement popularized the notion that the human species could be “prevented” if “defective” people were prevented from reproducing.
Forced Sterilization
In some countries the eugenics movement led to policies of forced sterilization for many people disabilities, as well as other “undesirables”, such as prostitutes and poor people. In the US, this sometimes included immigrants who did not speak English.
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act (1973)
This is the first US law dealing with civil rights for people with disabilities, including employment rights and the right to barrier-free access to federal buildings. Section 504 applies only to federal agencies and to agencies that receive federal funding.
Americans With Disabilities Act (1990)
This law is similar to Section 504, but it is broader and applies to private organizations that receive government funds. ADA defines “disability” as a “physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major activities.
ADA Amendements Act (2008)
Essentially, this amended law tells the courts that the definition of “disability” should be interpreted broadly. It adds more “major life activities” to the list, including thinking, concentrating, communication, and working. ADAA also prohibits courts from considering “mitigating measures” such as medication or assistive technology when determining whether a person is disabled.
Rehabilitation
After WWII, returning soldiers with injuries and disabilities prompted the medical field to focus on rehabilitation. During this period, rehabilitation generally meant “vocational rehabilitation” with an emphasis on enabling people with disabilities to find productive employment and be able to support their families.
Social Constructions of Disability
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Universal Design
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People-First Language
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Sizism
Sizism is prejudice based on a person’s size. It is usually aimed at people whose size is different from “norma” in some way–people who are exceptionally thin, fat, sort, or tall. It has been said that sizism is the “last socially acceptable form of prejudice”. Sizism results in systematic disadvantages for people who differ from the norm. Sizism is manifested in our cultural stereotypes about people whose sizes differ from the norm such as “fat people are lazy and lack self control” and “skinny people are mean and unhappy”
Laws Preventing Discrimination Based on Size
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