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Gross Anatomy 2 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 functions of the kidney?

A

Remove water, salts and products of protein metabolism from the blood

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2
Q

Which kidney lies slightly lower than the other and why?

A

the right is slightly lower

because right lobe of liver pushes it down

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3
Q

What 4 structures are transmitted through the hilum of the kidney

A

Renal Vein
Renal Artery
Ureter
Autonomic and Sensory nerves

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4
Q

What is the name for the expanded superior end of the ureter within hilum of kidney

A

Renal pelvis

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5
Q

What is the renal sinus filled with?

A

fat

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6
Q

The structures which enter the hilum of the kidney are collectively known as what/

A

renal pedicle

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7
Q

What is the blood supply of the kidney?

A

renal artery (from abdominal aorta)

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8
Q

what are extrahilar arteries?

A

accessory arteries which may originate from the abdominal aorta (above or below renal artery)

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9
Q

What drains the kidneys

A

Renal vein

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10
Q

True or false, the right renal vein drains an extensive region including suprarenal gland, gonad, diaphragm and body wall

A

False, the Left renal vein does all of that

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11
Q

What is the “anatomical nutcracker”

A

left renal vein and 3 part of duodenum may be compressed between aorta behind and superior mesenteric artery in front

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12
Q

what is the innervation of the kidneys? What makes up the plexus?

A

renal plexus

branches of: celiac plexus, aortic plexus, and direct branches from thoracic and lumbar splanchnics

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13
Q

What are the 4 layers covering the kidney

A

renal capsule (innermost)
perinephric fat
renal fascia
paranephric fat (outermost)

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14
Q

What are the 3 things that compose kidney stones

A

calcium oxalate
calcium phosphate
uric acid

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15
Q

What are the symptoms of kidney stones? What are some complications that can occur?

A

Dull ache in kidney while in the organ, then extremely painful once entering ureter
May become lodged while being passed

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16
Q

What are 3 risk factors for kidney stones

A

Being male
low fluid intake/dehydration
“stone belt” southeastern USA

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17
Q

Extracorcoreal shock-wave elithdripsy (ESWL) is a possible treatment for what?

A

Kidney stones

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18
Q

What is nephroptosis? Who is it more common in?

A

“floating kidney”
Kidney becomes hyper mobile and moves down within renal fascia
More common in very skinny people

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19
Q

What is the muscular tube connecting the kidney to the urinary bladder?

A

Ureter

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20
Q

The ureter has three constrictions where kidney stones can become lodged, what are they?

A

ureteropelvic junction
pelvic brim
where it enters the bladder

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21
Q

What are the 5 branches that supply blood to the ureter

A 
renal a.
gonadal a. 
aorta
common iliac a.
superior vesical a.
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22
Q

What 2 structures innervate the ureter

A

renal plexus

hypogastric plexus

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23
Q

What structure that lies on the superior aspect of the kidney is part of the endocrine system?

A

suprarenal gland

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24
Q

What are the 2 parts of the suprarenal gland

A

medulla

cortex

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25
Q

What are the 3 arteries supplying the suprarenal gland

A

superior, middle, and inferior suprarenal a.

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26
Q

What drains the suprarenal gland?

A

suprarenal vein

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27
Q

What two structures innervate the suprarenal gland

A

Celiac plexus

thoracic splanchnic nerves (sympathetics)

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28
Q

Where is kidney and suprarenal gland pain often referred to, why?

A

pain referred to paralumbar region

because receive innervation from T11-L2

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29
Q

What is the “psoas sign” what can a positive right psoas sign indicate?

A

Pain produced when thigh extended against resistance

positive right psoas sign suggests appendicitis

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30
Q

What percentage of people have a psoas minor?

A

60%

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31
Q

What ventral primary rami make up the lumbar plexus

A

L1, L2, L3, L4

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32
Q

What are the two branches of the lumbar plexus consisting of L1 primary rami?

A

Iliohyogastric and ilioinguinal Nerve

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33
Q

What does the ilioinguinal never accompany through inguinal canal? And what does it supply?

A

Accompanies the spermatic cord (round ligament of uterus in females)
Supplies skin of scrotum or labia majora

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34
Q

What branch of the lumbar plexus made up of ventral primary rami L1 and L2
What is the nerves 2 branches

A 
Genitofemoral nerve 
Genital branch (supplies cremaster muscle)
femoral branch (skin femoral triangle)
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35
Q

What branch of the lumbar plexus is made up of ventral primary rami L2 and L3
What does it supply

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh

skin of anterior and lateral aspect of thigh

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36
Q

What 2 branches of lumbar plexus is made up of ventral primary rami L2, L3, L4

A

Femoral nerve

Obturator nerve

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37
Q

What ventral primary rami make up sacral plexus?

A

L4-S4

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38
Q

How many branches are there in the abdominal aorta

A

9

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39
Q

What do each of the common iliac artery bifurcate into?

A

internal and external iliac artery

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40
Q

What are the 4 functions of the pelvis?

A

locomotion
parturition
support of abdominal viscera
protection of pelvic viscera

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41
Q

True or false the ASIS and upper margin of the pubic symphysis do not lie in the same vertical plane?

A

false, they do lie in the same plane

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42
Q

The tip of the coccyx and upper margin of pubic symphysis lie in which plane together?

A

horizontal

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43
Q

What are the 5 boundaries of the pelvic inlet?

A 
sacral promontory 
sacral alae
arcuate line
pecten pubis 
pubic crest
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44
Q

The pelvis is divided into what?

A

False and True pelvis

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45
Q

What are the 4 things in the True pelvis?

A

Lower part of the G.I. tract
urinary bladder
lower part of ureter
internal reproductive organs

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46
Q

What are the 5 boundaries of the pelvic outlet

A 
pubic symphysis 
ischiopubic rami
ischial tuberosities 
sacrotuberous ligament
tip of coccyx
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47
Q

What is a anthropoid pelvis? Who is it present in?

A

Long A-P diameter and short transverse diameter

In some males, in 20% of females

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48
Q

What is a platypelloid pelvis? Who is it present in?

A

short A-P diameter and wide transverse

Rare in males, 2% of females

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49
Q

What is a Android pelvis? Who is it present in?

A

heart shaped inlet

Most males, 30% of females

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50
Q

What is a gynecoid pelvis? Who is it present in?

A

Ovoid or round inlet
50% of females (no males)
Ideal for childbirth

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51
Q

What are general shapes of male and female pelvic inlets

A

Male - heart

Female - oval

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52
Q

The pelvic cavity and pelvic outlet is larger in what sex?

A

Female

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53
Q

Subpubic angle is larger in which sex?

A

female

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54
Q

The greater sciatic notch is more broad and shallow in which sex?

A

Female

Male- narrow and deep

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55
Q

True or false female sacrums is shorter and wider than males

A

true

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56
Q

True or false the pubic symphysis contains a cartilage disc?

A

True interpubic disc

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57
Q

True or false the sacrococcygeal joint contains intervertebral disc and is often fused

A

True

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58
Q

During pregnancy what causes the ligaments of the pelvis to loosen?

A

the hormone relaxin

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59
Q

What are the 3 things that bind the greater sciatic foramen

A

Greater sciatic notch
sacrotuberous
sacrospinous

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60
Q

What are the 3 things that bind the lesser sciatic foramen

A

Lesser sciatic notch
sacrotuberous
sacrospinous

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61
Q

Which sciatic foramen lies above pelvic floor

A

greater sciatic foramen

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62
Q

Which sciatic foramen lies below pelvic floor

A

lesser sciatic foramen

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63
Q

Name the 3 structures that pass through both the greater and lesser sciatic foramen

A

pudendal nerve
internal pudendal vessels
nerve to obturator internus

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64
Q

What structure that passes through the greater sciatic foramen is particularly vulnerable in sacrum misalignments

A

sciatic nerve

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65
Q

What are 3 intrapelvic causes of sciatica

A

piriformis syndrome
compression by fetal head during pregnancy
pelvic tumors

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66
Q

What 2 structures cover the lateral wall of pelvis

A

obturator internus muscle

obturator fascia

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67
Q

What is the important structure of the pelvic floor that supports the abdominal and pelvic viscera

A

pelvic diaphragm

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68
Q

What is a possible complication of nephroptosis

A

The kidney being hyper mobile can turn upside and twist, constricting the ureter and blood vessels

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69
Q

Name the 9 branches of the abdominal aorta

A

Cassandra, She Is Impossibly Magnificent, (&) Really Good Lover Man

Celiac Trunk A.
Superior Mesenteric A.
Inferior Mesenteric A. 
Inferior Phrenic A.
Middle Suprarenal A. 
Renal A.
Gonadal A.
Lumbar A.
Median Sacral A.
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70
Q

What are the two openings of the pelvic diaphragm?

A 
Urogenital Hiatus (transmits urethra in males, urethra and vagina in females) 
Anal aperture
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71
Q

Damage to which nerve causes the pelvis to slump to the unsupported side during gait (Trendelenburg’s Sign)

A

Superior Gluteal N.

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72
Q

The levator ani has 3 major parts, what are they?

A

iliococcygeus
pubococcygeus
Puborectalis

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73
Q

What are the 3 subdivisions of the pubococcygeus part of the levator ani

A

Puboprostaticus
Pubovaginalis
Puboanalis

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74
Q

Both the puboprostaticus and pubovaginalis subdivisions of the pubococcygeus part of the levator ani, function in what?

A

micturition (peeing)

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75
Q

The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve originates from which spinal segments?

A

L2 and L3

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76
Q

The abdominal aorta bifurcates into the left and right common iliac arteries at what level. What does the common iliac branch into?

A

L4

the external and internal iliac a.

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77
Q

what are the 2 branches of the external iliac a.

A

deep circumflex iliac a.

inferior epigastric a.

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78
Q

What artery continues as the femoral a. below the inguinal ligament?

A

the external iliac a.

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79
Q

What layer of the perineum is the deepest? (most internal?

A

deep perineal space

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80
Q

True or false, the male pelvis has a broad, shallow greater sciatic notch

A

false, female pelvis’ do

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81
Q

What are the 3 branches of the posterior trunk of the internal iliac a.

A

iliolumbar a.
lateral sacral a.
superior gluteal a.

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82
Q

What are the two branches of the iliolumbar a.

A

iliac branch

lumbar branch

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83
Q

What happens to the distal portion of the umbilical artery after birth?

A

It is obliterated and continues as the medial umbilical ligament

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84
Q

The inferior vesicle a. in males is important in what?

A

Reproduction

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85
Q

Is the internal iliac a. the only supplier or blood to the pelvis?

A

No, it is a major supplier but there are 3 other vessels
Gonadal a.
Superior rectal a.
Median sacral a.

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86
Q

Name the 8 branches of the anterior trunk of the internal iliac a.

A

If I Utilize Olives In My Utrilce Varies

Inferior Gluteal a.
Internal pudendal a.
umbilical a.
obturator a.
inferior vesical a.
middle rectal a.
uterine a.
vaginal a.
87
Q

What do most pelvic structures drain into?

A

caval system

88
Q

What are the only structures of your pelvis that drain into your portal system

A

Rectum and anal canal

89
Q

The internal and external iliac veins unite to form the common iliac veins. What do the common iliac veins unite to form into?

A

inferior vena cava

90
Q

What two structures make up the sacral plexus

A

Lumbosacral trunk L4 and L5

anterior primary rami S1-4

91
Q

True or false the sacral plexus lies mainly on surface of piriformis

A

true

92
Q

What is another name for the sacral plexus?

A

Somatic plexus

93
Q

What are the 6 branches of the sacral plexus

A

Superior Gluteal (L4-S1)
Inferior Gluteal (L5-S2)
Sciatic (L4-S3)
Nerve to obturator internus muscle (L5-S2)
Nerve to Quadratus Femoris Muscle (L5-S1)
Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh (S1-S3)

94
Q

Sympathetic fibers reach the pelvis via what 2 pathways

A

Sympathetic trunk

aortic plexus

95
Q

The superior vesicle a. is a direct branch of what?

A

umbilical a.

96
Q

What lobe of the prostate gland contains no glandular tissue?

A

anterior lobe

97
Q

True or false, lymphatic drainage of the lower 1/4 of the vagina is to the superficial inguinal nodes

A

true

98
Q

True or false, the hypogastric nerves connect the superior hypogastric plexus to the inferior hypogastric plexus

A

true

99
Q

True or false, external hemorrhoids are due to varicosities of the superior rectal vein

A

False

100
Q

true or false, the superior surface of the bladder is also called the fundus

A

false

101
Q

True or false, the pecten of the anal canal lies between the pectinate line and anal verge

A

true

102
Q

True or false, the lateral arcuate ligament passes over the quadrates lumborum muscle?

A

True

103
Q

How many transverse rectal folds are there?

A

3

104
Q

Does the rectum contain mesentery, omental appendices, or haustra

A

No

105
Q

True or false, the anal columns each contain a small branch of the superior rectal artery and small tributary of the superficial rectal vein

A

true

106
Q

What does the pectinate line mark the end of?

A

end of hind gut

107
Q

True or false, the anal sinuses do not contain mucus glands

A

false, they do

108
Q

What is the bluish white zone inferior to the pectinate line of the anal canal

A

anal pecten

109
Q

Is the internal anal sphincter muscle under voluntary or involuntary control

A

involuntary

110
Q

What are the 3 parts of the external anal sphincter muscle? Is it under voluntary or involuntary control?

A

subcutaneous
superficial
deep
voluntary control

111
Q

What 4 blood vessels supply the rectum and anal canal

A

superior rectal artery
middle rectal artery
inferior rectal artery
median sacral artery

112
Q

What are internal hemorrhoids caused by? Do they occur above or below pectinate line? What are the symptoms? Painful?

A

Varicosities of superior rectal vein
above pectinate line
blood in stool
Not painful

113
Q

What are external hemorrhoids cause by? Do they occur above or below pectinate line? What are the symptoms? Painful?

A

Varicosities of the inferior rectal vein
below pectinate line
Bulging out
yes very painful

114
Q

What are 5 causes of hemorrhoids

A 
pregnancy 
heavy lifting 
sitting a lot 
straining constipation 
portal hypertension
115
Q

What does the pectinate line mark?

A

Important division in anal canal. Separates upper 2/3 visceral from lower 1/3 somatic

116
Q

What is the innervation and lymph drainage above the pectinate line

A

autonomic fibers

internal iliac

117
Q

What is the innervation and lymph drainage below the pectinate line

A

pudendal nerve

superficial inguinal

118
Q

What muscle has to relax in order for stool to reach internal anal sphincter

A

puborectalis

119
Q

Is urinary bladder located above or below peritoneum? Does it’s location differ between sexes?

A

Below, and lower in females

120
Q

True or false when you’re born, your bladder lies mostly in your abdomen and is spindled shaped?

A

True

121
Q

An empty bladder has 4 identifiable parts, what are they?

A

superior
left inferolateral
right inferolateral
fundus (base)

122
Q

Where does the ureter attach to the bladder?

A

at its fundus

123
Q

What are the 2 ligaments of the bladder

A

puboprostatic

Lateral ligament of bladder

124
Q

What is the detrusor muscle?

A

bundles of smooth muscle which lie in wall of bladder

125
Q

What does the internal urethral sphincter do in males during reproduction

A

prevents reflux of semen into bladder during ejaculation

126
Q

What are the 3 arteries of the bladder

A

superior vesical
inferior vesical
vaginal

127
Q

What drains the bladder

A

prostatic venous plexus or vesical venous plexus in females

128
Q

What innervates the bladder

A

prostatic plexus or vesical plexus in females

129
Q

Bladder fullness triggers the micturition reflex, which sends information where? What muscle is subsequently triggered, and what relaxes

A

parasympathetic fibers pelvic splanchnics S2, S3, S4
detrusor muscle
internal urethral sphincter in males relaxes
(External urethral sphincter is voluntary control)

130
Q

What is a vasectomy (deferentecomy)

A

transection and ligation of the ductus deferens

131
Q

The ductus deferens joins what duct at its end

A

duct of the seminal vesicle forming the ejaculatory duct

132
Q

What is the dilated terminal portion of the ductus deferens called?

A

ampulla of the ductus deferens

133
Q

What is the innervation of ductus deferens

A

superior and inferior hypogastric plexus

134
Q

What function do the seminal vesicles have?

A

produce a alkaline solution for semen

Important because vagina is very acidic and would kill semen otherwise

135
Q

Do the seminal vesicles store sperm

A

no

136
Q

What is the seminal vesicle innervation

A

inferior hypogastric plexus

137
Q

What forms the ejaculatory duct

A

union of ductus defers and duct seminal vesicle

138
Q

What do the 2 ejaculatory ducts open into

A

the seminal colliculus (within the prostatic urethra)

139
Q

What is the blood supply of ductus deferens, seminal vesicle, and ejaculatory duct

A

a. of ductus deferens
inferior vesical a.
middle rectal a.

140
Q

What is the most important artery for the internal genitalia of men

A

inferior vesical a.

141
Q

What is the function of the prostate gland

A

produce semen

142
Q

What aspect of the prostate gland is prone to tumors

A

posterior aspect (why prostate exams through anal canal)

143
Q

Does the isthmus of the prostate contain any glandular tissue?

A

no

144
Q

What is the prostatic utricle homologous to?

A

the uterus

145
Q

What is the blood supply of the prostate

A

inferior vesical a. (again most important a. in internal male genitalia)
middle rectal a.
internal pudenal a.

146
Q

What is benign prostatic hypertrophy? Who is prone to this? What does it cause? Holistic treatment?

A

Prostate enlarges due to influence of hormones
men over 40
causes difficulty in micturition
Saw Palmetto supplementation shown to help

147
Q

What is most common cancer in men? Where does it metastasize? Why is it so deadly

A

Prostate Cancer
Metastasizes through blood and lymph
Prostate’s connections with sacral venous plexus allows metastasis to vertebral column
Common involvement in bone

148
Q

What is PSA? (prostate specific antigen)

A

Early detection test for prostate cancer

149
Q

Where might chronic prostate pain due to inflammation or prostate cancer be referred to? Subluxations in this region may be related to what problems?

A

Pain referred to sacrum

Prostate or bladder problems

150
Q

What 4 structures are included in the female reproductive system

A

ovary
uterus
vagina
uterine tube

151
Q

Ovaries have two functions, what are they

A 
Produce oocytes after puberty
Exocrine function (releases relaxin, estrogen, and progesterone)
152
Q

True or false, the ovary is located on the lateral wall of the true pelvis

A

true

153
Q

True or false the ovary is covered by peritoneum

A

false it is not (how ectopic pregnancies are possible)

154
Q

What 2 vessels supply the ovary

A

ovarian artery

ovarian branch of uterine artery

155
Q

What innervates the ovary

A

ovarian plexus

156
Q

How does the uterine tubes transport oocytes? How long does it take

A

through ciliary action and muscle contraction

3 to 4 days

157
Q

The same ciliary action and muscle contraction aids in what?

A

transport of sperm

158
Q

What are the 4 parts of the uterine tube

A

Uterine part
isthmus
ampulla
infundibulum

159
Q

What is the abdominal ostium

A

opening near uterine tube above ovary

160
Q

What are fimbriae? what is their function? are they all alike?

A

fingerlike projections at the end of the infundibulum
to catch the oocyte from the ovary
usually one extra long frimbriae called, ovarian fimbriae

161
Q

Where does fertilization take place? What is the most common site? Second most common?

A

in the uterine tube
Ampulla
infundibulum

162
Q

What is the blood supply of the uterine tube

A

tubal branches of the uterine a. and ovarian a.

163
Q

What is the innervation of the uterine tube

A

ovarian plexus and inferior hypogastric plexus

164
Q

What is abdominal ectopic pregnancy?

A

implantation of fertilized oocyte in rectouterine pouch

165
Q

What is ectopic pregnancy? Where is it most common? What does it result in? What is a common cause of it

A

Development of fetus at a site other than uterine cavity
most common: tubal ectopic
Results in rupture of uterine tube, severe hemorrhage
Common cause: inflammation due to
History or STDs
Endometriosis
Reversed tubal ligation

166
Q

the cavities of the uterus and vagina together form what?

A

birth canal

167
Q

True or false, the shape, size and location of the uterus is variable due to age, or number or pregnancies

A

true

168
Q

What happens in the uterus after menopause

A

increase in fibrous tissue and cyst development

169
Q

In nulliparous woman (one with no children) what does their uterus look like?

A

muscular, thick and inverted pear shaped

170
Q

What is retroversion of the uterus? What is it associated with?

A

uterus is bent backwards (opposite of anterversion) associated with
severe menstral cramps
severe pain in maturition (birth)
increased risk in uterine prolaps

171
Q

What is anteversion of uterus?

A

lower end of the uterus forms a right angle with vagina

172
Q

What are the 5 parts of the uterus

A

Body, isthmus (internal os), cervix, external os, fundus

173
Q

What is the blood supply of the uterus

A

Uterine and ovarian a.

174
Q

What are the lymphatics of the uterus

A

lumbar nodes

external and internal iliac nodes

175
Q

Produces the alkaline component of semen

A

seminal vesicle

176
Q

transports sperm and the alkaline component of semen

A

ejaculatory duct

177
Q

transports sperm, alkaline, and non-alkaline components of semen

A

prostatic urethra

178
Q

transports sperm only

A

ductus deferens

179
Q

produces a non-alkaline component of semen

A

prostate gland

180
Q

True or false, the round ligament of the uterus gives support to the uterus

A

false, it does not

181
Q

Part of the broad ligament of the uterus which covers uterine tube and lies between the uterine tube and ovary

A

mesosalpinx

182
Q

bulging of the rectum into the posterior wall of the vagina due to muscle damage caused by childbirth is called what

A

rectocele

183
Q

The layer of smooth muscle in the wall of the bladder is called what

A

detrusor

184
Q

The folds of mucosa which join the anal columns together inferiorly are called

A

anal valves

185
Q

The 2 sacculated pouches which produce components of semen and which are attached to the posterior surface of the prostate are called

A

seminal vesicles

186
Q

What is the innervation of the uterus

A

uterovaginal plexus

187
Q

What are the vaginas 3 functions

A

female organ of copulation
lower part of birth canal
excretory duct of menstration

188
Q

What is the fornix

A

recess between cervix and walls of vagina

189
Q

What are the subdivisions of the fornix

A

anterior posterior and two lateral fornices

190
Q

What 4 structures support the vagina

A

levator ani
perineal body
perineal membrane
pubocervical, transverse cervical, and uterosacral ligaments

191
Q

What is the blood supply of the vagina

A

uterine and vaginal a.

192
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of vagina

A

internal iliac nodes (upper 3/4)

superficial inguinal nodes (lower 1/4)

193
Q

What is the innervation of the vagina

A

pudendal nerve

uterovaginal plexus

194
Q

What is cystocele? what can it cause

A

Bulging of the bladder into anterior wall of vagina

difficulty in micturition

195
Q

What is uterine prolapse? What is a possible sign? What are some risk factors

A

The uterus slips down into the vagina
Cervix may protrude externally through vaginal orifice
Multiple births, retroverted uterus

196
Q

What are the 2 triangles of the perineum?

A

urogenital (anterior)

anal (posterior)

197
Q

Colles fascia (membranous layer of the perineum) is continuous with what in males?

A

dartos layer of scrotum and scarpas fascia

198
Q

The superficial perineal pouch contains everything from the vagina model in lab, plus what 2 structures?

A

branches of the internal pudendal a.

branches of the pudendal n.

199
Q

What is a episiotomy? When/why is it used

A

Incision during parturition (birth) from posterior vaginal wall to perineal body
Used to prevent uncontrolled tearing of the perineum during parturition

200
Q

What two muscles contract to maintain an erection? What is the innervation?

A

Bulbospongiosus and Ischiocavernosus muscles
Parasympathetic activation S2, S3, S4
S2,3,4 keeps your penis off the floor!

201
Q

What two structures are in both the superficial and deep perineal pouches

A

branches of the internal pudendal a.

pudendal n.

202
Q

The perineal body is an important attachment site for 5 muscles, what are they

A 
superficial transverse perineal
deep transverse perineal
bulbospongiosus 
levator ani
sphincter ani externus
203
Q

Other than the branches of the internal pudendal a. and pudendal n. what is located in the deep perineal pouch

A 
deep transverse perineal muscle
external urethral sphincter
intermediate part of urethra 
bulbourethral gland (males)
204
Q

What is a possible complication of the external urethral sphincter muscle for females?

A

May be damaged during parturition (results in urinary incontinence)

205
Q

In what sex can you find the bulbourethral gland? What is it homologous to? What does it do?

A

Male
greater vestibular gland of females
secretes a mucus like substance in spongy urethra

206
Q

What are the 3 things in the anal triangle?

A

anal canal, external anal sphincter and ischioanal fossa

207
Q

Where is the ischioanal fossa? What 4 things are in it?

A

on either side of anal canal, extends between skin and anal region
Fat
Pudendal canal
inferior rectal nerve and vessels
perineal branch of posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

208
Q

True or false the pudendal canal lies on the lateral wall of the ischioanal fossa and is formed by the obturator fascia

A

true

209
Q

What is the main blood supply of the perineum?

A

the internal pudendal a. and it’s branches

210
Q

The internal pudendal a. is a branch of the internal iliac a. and travels where?

A

through greater sciatic foramen, between piriformis and coccyges and enters perineum through lesser sciatic foramen

211
Q

What are the 7 branches of the internal pudendal a.

A 
inferior rectal a.
perineal a.
posterior scrotal a.
artery of bulb
urethral a.
deep a. of penis or clitoris
dorsal a. of penis or clitoris
212
Q

What innervates the perineum?

A

pudendal nerve (S2,3,4)

213
Q

What are the 3 branches of the pudendal n.

A

inferior rectal n.
perineal n. (deep and superficial branch)
dorsal n. of penis or clitoris

Gross Anatomy 2 (2 decks)

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