Final Exam Flashcards
SLR
Single Lens Reflex, allows photography to see images as lens see it, interchangeable lenses
Body
light tight box, houses working parts of camera
Shutter
controls length of exposure, usually in fraction of a second, designated by shutter speed
Diaphragm
controls intensity of exposure through adjustment of aperture size, designed by f/stop
Lens
gathers and focuses light on film or sensors, designated by focal length
ISO
sensitivity and grain or noise characteristics: 100 (least sensitive, requires more light for proper exposure, very little noise), 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200 (most sensitive, requires less light for proper exposure, generates more noise)
Shutter Speed
1/1 (Slow), 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/15, 1/30, 1/60, 1/125, 1/ 250, 1/500, 1/1000 (Fast)
Each one stop change in shutter speed results in 2x or 1/2 as much light reaching the sensor depending on direction of change
F/ Stops
f2.8 (large aperture), f4, f5.6, f8, f11, f16, f22 (small aperture)
Each one stop change in f/ stop results in 2x or 1/2 as much light reaching the sensor depending on direction of change
Depth of Field
the range of sharp focus in a photograph
f/ stop- depth of field decreases as f/# decreases
subject distance- depth of field decreases as you get closer to your subject
focal length of lens- depth of field decreases as focal length increases
Focal Lengh
physical measurement of lens from front element to camera censor measured in millimeters ex. 24mm, 50mm, 200mm determines angle of view
Wide Angle Lens
35mm or shorter
optically exaggerates distance between camera and subject
creates a greater depth of field
good for landscapes and shooting in tight spaces
Normal Lens
50mm
Same field of view as human eye
no magnification
Telephoto Lens
70mm or longer
optically magnifies subject, compressing distance between subject and camera
creates shallow depth of field
good for shooting subjects at a safe distance
Zoom Lens
Variable Focal Length
adjustable focal length
many lens in one
ex. 18-55 mm, 70- 200mm
Composition
the pleasing and artistic arrangement of subjects in a photograph
Rule of Thirds
technique used to move the center of interest out of the middle of the frame by dividing the frame into thirds horizontally and vertically, place center of interest at any of the intersections to bring a more dynamic look
Diffused Light
lighting without defined direction, produces even low contrast illumination with no distant shadows
Direct Light
lighting with defined direction, producing high contrast illumination with distant shadows
Front light
light coming from the direction of the camera, flat lighting
Side Light
light rakes across the subject emphasizing texture and shadow
Back Light
light comes from behind the subject; toward the camera creates highlights and silhouettes
Pixels
picture elements
Resolution
of pixels recorded by the sensor
white balance
how cameras accurately record color temperature
histogram
graphical display of the distribution of pixels in an image
levels
how you alter the distribution of pixels