Final Exam

Question 0

Complex harmony, chromaticism, fast, explosive, virtuosic, and contrafacts.

Answer 0

Characteristics of bebop

Question 1

New melody over existing chord changes.

Answer 1

Contrafact

Question 2

Hosted nightly jam sessions and supplied innovations to bebop. 118th street in Harlem

Answer 2

Minton’s Playhouse

Question 3

Random, surprise bass drum attacks created by drummer Papa Jo Jones.

Answer 3

Dropping Bombs

Question 4

Iconic and revolutionary figures of bebop. Ambassadors to bebop rather than inventors. Played in Billy Eckstine’s band where they met Miles Davis.

Answer 4

Charlie “Bird” Parker

Dizzy Gillespie

Question 5

Most refined and talented bebop pianist. Early years of classical and stride piano. Combines modern harmony in compositional style.

Answer 5

Bud Powell

Question 6

Had an acting career. 1st to adopt bebop language to Tenor Sax. Influenced John Coltrane. Died of kidney failure.

Answer 6

Dexter Gordon

Question 7

Rhythmically light, laid back improvs, calm timbre, minimal vibrato, sophisticated and classically based harmonies.

Answer 7

Characteristics of cool jazz

Question 8

Album by Miles Davis recorded in 1949-1950 released in 1957

Answer 8

Birth Of The Cool

Question 9

Also known as cool jazz. Associated with white musicians who relocated to California. Heavy classical influence.

Answer 9

West Coast Jazz

Question 10

Created Third Stream Jazz. Jazz as a classical music.

Answer 10

Miles Davis and Gil Evans

Question 11

Important composer and arranger for the Claude Thornhill Band, Stan Kenton Orchestra. Adopted bebop language to Baritone Sax.

Answer 11

Gerry Mulligan

Question 12

Introduced odd meters, polytonality, brought jazz to colleges, and was a social activist.

Answer 12

Dave Brubeck

Question 13

East coast school of jazz. Embodies the east coast attitude and resists exploration. Dark, heavy passionate timbres.

Answer 13

Characteristics of hard bop

Question 14

Central figure to hard bop. Press rolls which are intense rumbling of snare drums that boost energy of a soloist. Formed The Jazz Messengers quintet in 1953. Assumed leadership in 1956

Answer 14

Art Blakey & The Jazz Messengers

Question 15

Pianist and composer who was a co-founder of The Jazz Messengers. Combined bop with gospel blues. Inspired funky soul jazz.

Answer 15

Horace Silver

Question 16

Trumpet player with beautiful tone, virtuous technique, and extremely creative. Formed the last great bebop group.

Answer 16

Clifford Brown

Question 17

Tenor sax player with brawny timbre, creative energy, authoritative rhythm.

Answer 17

Sonny Rollins

Question 18

Self-taught piano player influenced by stride. Center of bebop at Minton’s Playhouse. Joined Coleman Hawkins quartet. Possibly had Asperger’s syndrome. 2nd most recorded jazz composer.

Answer 18

Thelonious Monk

Question 19

Early gospel influence. Bassist with many styles and accomplished virtuoso. Expanded American music scope as a composer. As a spokesman jazz was relevant to civil rights.

Answer 19

Charles Mingus

Question 20

Architect for Kind of Blue. Miles was a big fan. Piano voicings.

Answer 20

Bill Evans

Question 21

Fascination with scales. Joined Miles Davis 1950’s quintet. Fired by Miles due to his drug addiction. Worked with Thelonious Monk and rehired by Miles Davis. Beautiful glowing timbre. Emotional urgency. Popularized soprano sax.

Answer 21

John Coltrane

Question 22

Atmospheric free jazz to African-American popular grooves. Rooted in the Miles Davis experience. Wayne Shorter, Joe Zawinul, Jaco Pastorius.

Answer 22

Weather Report

Question 23

Important post-bop musician and composer. Combines jazz and funk. Piano player who expanded fusion.

Answer 23

Herbie Hancock

Question 24

Difficult and highly idiosyncratic. Miles Davis electric groups. Played at the Koln Concert.

Answer 24

Keith Jarrett

Question 25

Experimented with jazz, rock, and Brazilian music. First Latin oriented group.

Answer 25

Chick Corea & Return to Forever

Question 26

1980’s representing a renaissance or return to tradition. A work of art must be viewed within the context of the place and time of its creation.

Answer 26

New Historicism

Question 27

Analyzing works of art as sufficient unto themselves.

Answer 27

New Criticism

Question 28

1) revival of entire idioms
2) original music that celebrates the past
3) modernist interpretations of jazz classics

Answer 28

Categories of Historicism

Question 29

Pays homage to the history while moving forward.

Answer 29

Neoclassical Jazz

Question 30

Virtuosic classical and jazz trumpeter. 1980’s quintet. Blood on the Fields 1997 Pulitzer.

Answer 30

Wynton Marsalis

Question 31

Second wave of Avant-Garde jazz musicians. Musicians look to past to vary its music.

Answer 31

Avant-Garde Historicism

Question 32

Four Phases of development

Answer 32

Phase 1 Genesis and Creation
Phase 2 Transition to popular music
Phase 3 Imagination and experimentation
Phase 4 Academia and history

Question 33

Pulls together all the various schools of jazz. The language that all jazz musicians share. Mainly stems from bebop and history.

Answer 33

Lingua Franca

Question 34

Best representation of Lingua Franca and modern individuality in jazz today. Represents life after history rather than history in the making. Represent different geographical locations.

Answer 34

Jazz Pianists