Final exam Flashcards
The traditional hierarchical social structure of the Middle Ages came to an end due to what?
The Black Death
In the 2nd half of the 14th century, there were less farmers to work the lands of the nobility due to depopulation caused by what?
The Black Death
Joan de Arc fought for who?
King & county/France
Through this dedication, a heightened spirit of what would develop?
Nationalism
True or false; due to their supposed guilt for the Black Death, Jewish refugees migrated to Poland & Russia.
True.
During the Great Schism, there was at one time how many popes?
3.
The Babylonian captivity of the Pope refers to when the papacy was where?
Avignon
Who believed that Christ &/or the apostles owned no property?
Spiritual Franciscans
True or false; The failure of the conciliar movement in the church was a gain for democracy & limited monarchy.
False. It was a loss for democracy & limited monarchy.
The French Cardinals who were berated for their extravagant lifestyle & removed the papacy to Avignon were who?
Ultramontane
After Dr. Eck maneuvered Luther into taking an open stance against the church, Luther was what?
Excommunicated
Due to the sale of indulgences with no regard to the penitence of the sinner, Luther posted what?
His 95 theses.
The priest selling those indulgences was who?
John Tetzel
Luther was banned from HRE via what?
The edict of worms
The pope’s demand for an answer from Luther for his arrogance resulted in what?
Leipzig Disputation
Distinguishing Calvinism from other Protestant creeds is its premise of what?
Predestination
True or false; Luther believed in the New Testament God & Calvin believed in the Old Testament God.
True.
The first division in Protestantism was the creation of what?
The reformed church
The reformed church was established in Switzerland by who?
Ulrich Zwingli
The climax of the Protestant/RC antagonism in Germany was what?
The Schmalkaldic war
The compromise ending the Schmalkaldic war was what?
The Peace of Augsburg
The Augsburg confession was authored by Luther’s second in command, who was?
Philip Melanchthon.
True or false; Luther sought to suppress everything not sanctioned by the Bible, while Calvin suppressed only those things specifically condemned by the Bible.
False. It was just the opposite. Calvin sought to suppress everything not sanctioned by the Bible, while Luther suppressed only those things specifically condemned by the Bible.
True or false; Via the peace of Augsburg, Lutheranism was defeated in Germany.
False. Lutheranism was legally recognized.
Charles V’s request for a statement of Protestant beliefs resulted in what?
The Augsburg confession
The backbone of the catholic reformation was what?
The Jesuits/Society of Jesus
The founder of the Jesuits was who?
Ignatius Loyola
Instrumental in the counter reformation was what?
The council of Trent
The Jesuits founder was what?
A Spanish nobleman
Who was Henry’s first wife?
Catherine of Aragon
Who was Henry’s second wife?
Anne Boleyn
According to Henry, who was a pernicious pest, a poisonous serpent, a wolf of Hell, & the Limb of Satan?
Martin Luther
Henry created what?
The Anglican Church aka the Church of England aka Anglicana Ecclessia
Henry & Anne Boleyn’s daughter, the future queen, was who?
Elizabeth
What act of parliament would have one executed for libeling the King?
The Treason Act
Via the acts of parliament under Henry, the King gave himself weapons including those which could have one beheaded for continued loyalty to who?
The pope
Acts of parliament gave Henry absolute power over heretics, as he could have them burned for deviation from what?
RC doctrine
The succession act legalized what?
The offspring of Anne Boleyn
What was the treason act?
Execution for slandering the King.
What was the act of supremacy?
The King as the head of the Church of England.
What did the act of the six articles do?
Reaffirmed RC doctrine
Edward Seymour is known to history as what?
Somerset.
The successor to Edward’s uncle as protector of the realm was who?
Northumberland.
Edward named who as his successor the daughter in law of Northumberland?
Lady Jane Grey
Before being imprisoned, Lady Jane Grey was queen for how long?
9 days.
Bloody Mary executed who?
Protestants
All else was insignificant to Mary except her passion for the restoration in England of what?
Catholicism
Elizabeth’s hand chosen, principle advisor for 40 years was who?
Lord Burghley
What was the conspiracy that ended in Mary Queen of Scots losing her head was what?
The Babington Plot
Mary Stuart’s male heir was who?
James I of England aka James VI of Scotland.
Name Mary Queen of Scot’s 3 husbands in order.
Francis II, Lord Darnley, & The Earl of Bothwell.
Charles V was a what?
Habsburg
True or false; As King of Spain, he was Charles I & in the HRE, he was Charles V.
True.
While Charles was absent from Spain, a rebellion broke out led by who?
The Santa Junta
The rebellion would be put down by who?
The Spanish nobility
Sulieman the magnificent moved into where while Khreireddin Barbarossa terrorized where?
Hungary; The Mediterranean
In order to serve Pan-Iberian unity, at 16 Philip married Maria, the princess of where?
Portugal
The majority of Philip II’s reign was spent trying to crush the revolt where?
The Netherlands
The primary reason why Spain retained its predominant position in Europe under Philip II was due to what?
The wealth from the new world
Don John gained his nickname by defeating who?
The Turks
Don John’s famous naval victory was the battle of what?
Le Panto
True or false; The practice of primogeniture led to many younger Spanish sons entering the clergy & emigrating to America.
True.
True or false; Antwerp was the original seat of Dutch & European trade & is modern day Belgium.
True.
A major factor in the decline of the Dutch Republic was the demise of what?
The Dutch West India Company.
Henry IV’s closest advisor was who?
The duke of Sully
Henry of Navarre married Charles IX’s sister who was?
Marguerite of Valois
Richelieu believe the power & wealth of France relied on what?
State
Richelieu’s successor was who?
Mazarin
The intendants were Richelieu’s what?
Bureaucracy
True or False; The “Burning Court” was the French version of the Inquisition, to rid France of Protestants.
True.
Richelieu’s goal was to increase the power of the French monarchy, which would be at the expense of what?
The French nobility
True or false; The advisors to Marie de Medicis were the Spanish couple, Concino Concini & Leondra Galigai.
False. They were an Italian couple.
What were the Moriscos?
Muslims
What were the Maranos?
The Jews
What were the Hidalgos?
The lesser nobility
What was the Cortes?
Legislature
Catherine de Medicis
Regent for Charles IX
Prince of Condé
2nd Protestant in command
Admiral Coligny
Protestant leader
Duke of Guise
Catholic leader
Henry of Navarre
Converted Protestant
