Final Exam Flashcards
Exercise is important for muscles because helps maintain __________ and __________.
Strength and flexibility
The skin regulates body temperature by enabling _______ ________ to escape from the body.
Excess heat
___________ are the bones that form the backbone.
Vertebrae
___________ is a strong connective tissue that holds movable joints together.
ligament
____________ is the type of tissue that lines your digestive track and allows you to digest and absorb the nutrients food.
epithelial
During photosynthesis the cells uses energy in __________ to make _________.
sunlight, food
Photosynthesis benefits heterotrophs by creating _______ that they can eat.
food
How are photosynthesis and respiration related? They have _____________ equations.
opposite
Each rung of the DNA ladder is made up of a _______ of nitrogen _________.
pair , bases
Sugar molecules can combine and form large molecules called ____________.
starches
When two or more elements combine chemically, they form a(n) __________.
compound
A species is a group of similar organisms that can ________ with each other and produce ________ offspring.
mate, fertile
Differences between members of the same species are called ____________.
variations
- ___________ is a term that refers to a species that no longer has any living members?
extinct
What theory proposes that evolution occurs steadily in tiny changes over long periods of time?
gradualism
What did Darwin observe about finches in the Galápagos Islands? Their ________ were adaptations related to the foods the finches ate.
beaks
Which of the following is most likely to become preserved as a fossil? Leaf, worm, jellyfish, or a clam shell.
clam shell
__________ are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
arteries
Why is atherosclerosis especially serious when it develops in the coronary arteries? It can lead to a ________ ____________.
heart attack
If your pulse rate increases, your heart is beating __________ than before.
faster
Hypertension is a condition in which blood pressure is consistently __________ than normal.
higher
__________ is the step in the water cycle in which water vapor becomes liquid water.
condensation
- The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one Celsius degree is called a
calorie
________ is the structure(s) that enable(s) the small intestine to absorb large amounts of nutrient.(
Villi
A _____________ is a unit used to measure energy.
calorie
The energy your body needs comes from ____________.
food
What process involves muscle contractions that move food through the esophagus? ____________(519)
peristalsis
________ is the organ that produces bile.(
liver
If a homozygous black guinea pig (BB) is crossed with a homozygous white guinea pig (bb), what is the probability that an offspring will have black fur?_____________
100%
What is the chromosome theory of inheritance? __________ are carried from parents to offspring on chromosomes.
genes
______________ is the term that refers to physical characteristics that are studied in genetics.
traits
An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait is ___________.
homozygous
A heterozygous organism has two ______________ alleles for a trait.
different
Chromosomes are made up of many ___________ joined together.
genes
What is the goal of technology? To improve the way people ___________.
live
What is the first thing you should do if an accident occurs? Notify your ___________
teacher
______________________ are observations that deal with a number or amount.
quantitative observations
A person who is trained to use both technology and scientific knowledge to solve practical problems is known as a (n) _____________.
engineer
How does magnification occur in an electron microscope? An _______ beam creates an image.
electron
Which organelles store food and other materials needed by the cell? ________________
vacuole
What do all living things need to survive?
water
One characteristic used to place organisms into kingdoms is their ability to make
their own food
Spontaneous generation is a mistaken idea because living things are produced only by ________ ___________.
living things
What is a genome? all the ________ in one cell of an organism.
DNA
Sex-linked genes are genes on the _______ and ________ chromosomes
X,Y
Hemophilia is caused by a(n) _____________ allele on the X chromosome.
recessive
What genetic disorder results in abnormally shaped blood cells? _____________
sickle-cell disease
Many characteristics are affected by interactions between genes and the __________________.
the environment.
Angiosperms that live for more than two years are called _____________.
perennials.
Root hairs help a plant absorb __________ and ___________.
water, nutrients
The smallest unit of ecological organization is a single _________________
organism
If you count 20 beetles in a garden measuring 5 square meters, the population density of the beetles is ______ beetles per square.
4
A group of antelope leaving the herd in search of better grassland is an example of _____________.
emigration
The behaviors and physical characteristics of species that allow them to live successfully in their environment are called ____________.
adaptations.
When a jellyfish paralyzes a tiny fish with its poisonous tentacles, the fish is the ___________.
prey
The Escherichia coli that live in your intestine and help break down food are an example of which type of interaction?
mutualism
All the different populations that live together in an area make up a(n) _______________.
community.
When a flea is living on a dog, the dog is the ___________.
host
Which substances are produced during respiration? _______________ and ___________.
carbon dioxide and water
What happens to cause air to be exhaled from the lungs? The ____________ relaxes and moves upward.
diaphragm
Over time, smoking can irritate the breathing passages, which may become clogged with mucus. This condition is called___________.
bronchitis
In some reflex actions, skeletal muscles contract without the involvement of the ___________.
brain
The brain and spinal cord make up the ____________ nervous system.
centeral
Because of the way in which the lens of the eye bends light rays, the image produced by the lens is _______________.
upside down
A fungus–plant root association is an example of _____________mutualism.
symbiotic
Where would fungi NOT likely thrive? Wet or dry climate (circle)
dry climate
Fungi that decompose dead organisms return important __________ to the soil.
nutrients
Why are viruses like parasites? They _______ the cells they enter.
harm
A virus’s proteins are important because they help the virus _________ to its host.
attach
How does a vaccine work? It activates the body’s ____________ defenses.
natural
The stage of respiration that releases most of the energy in glucose occurs in the __________.
mitochondria
What happens during cytokinesis in animal cells? Two new ___________ _________ are formed.
daughter cells
During what stage of the cell cycle does replication occur?
interphase
The regular cycle of growth and division that cells undergo is called _____ ________ _________.
the cell cycle.
Which term refers to the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane? _____________
osmosis
How can smoking lead to emphysema? by destroying __________ tissue
lung
