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Clinical and Public Health Behavior Change > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Social Ecological Model

A

Intrapersonal –> Interpersonal –> Community level (institution & community factors)

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2
Q

Health Belief Model

A

Perceived susceptibility –> Perceived severity –> Perceived benefits –> Perceived barriers

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3
Q

Social Cognitive Theory

A

Personal Behavior Environmental all interact together

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4
Q

Reciprocal determinism

A

Behavior results from the interaction and influence of the three factors of the Social Cognitive Theory

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5
Q

Theory of Reasoned Action

A

Assumes that people are rational and behavior is under our voluntary control; Intention to act is the strongest determinant of behavior

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6
Q

Theory of Planned Behavior

A

A person’s intention is greater if they perceive they have greater control; Focus on beliefs that affect intention through altering attitudes

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7
Q

Transtheoretical Model

A

Precontemplation –> Contemplation –> Preparation/Determination –> Action –> Maintenance –> Termination

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8
Q

High self-efficacy

A

Individual has strong belief that they can complete a task

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9
Q

Low self-efficacy

A

Individual has not strong belief that they can complete a task

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10
Q

DNA Linkage

A

Study how DNA markers and disease move together through families

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11
Q

DNA Association

A

Study how DNA markers and disease move together through a population study of unrelated individuals with disease vs/ matched controls

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12
Q

Adoption studies

A

Compare risk in adoptees and biologic vs. adoptive parents

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13
Q

Genotype Scoring (for addiction)

A

Can predict ability to quit a substance

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14
Q

DNA Methylation

A

The repression of certain parts of the genetic sequence

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15
Q

Epigenetics

A

Our experiences/environment can change our DNA by switching on and off genes that influence health behaviors

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16
Q

High Patient; High Physician

A

Mutuality

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17
Q

High Patient; Low Physician

A

Consumerism

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18
Q

Low Patient; High Physician

A

Paternalism

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19
Q

Low Patient; Low Physician

A

Default

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20
Q

Male calories required to maintain weight

A

~2400

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21
Q

Female calories required to maintain weight

A

~1800

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22
Q

Calorie deficit to loose weight

A

500 cal. daily

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23
Q

METS

A

Physical activity spectrum (kcal/g)

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24
Q

Moderate intensity activity

A

3-6 METS

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25
Q

Vigorous intensity activity

A

6+ METS

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26
Q

Agonist Substance

A

Substance that initiates a physiological response when combined with a receptor

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27
Q

Antagonist Substance

A

Substance that interferes with or inhibits physiological action of another

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28
Q

Delay discounting

A

Preference for a smaller reward now rather than a large one later

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29
Q

CAGE screening

A

Did you ever feel you had to cut down?
Did you ever feel annoyed?
Did you ever feel guilty about behavior?
Did you ever need a drink as an eye-opener?

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30
Q

eHealth

A

Intersection of medical informatics, public health, and business

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31
Q

Consumer Health Informatics

A

Any electronic tool, technology, or application that is designed to interact with consumers without the presence of a healthcare professional and provides health information

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32
Q

Consumer Clinician

A

Empowers consumer to make more individually informed health decisions

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33
Q

Self-monitering

A

Ask the individual to “track” the behavior they wish to change

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34
Q

SMART goals

A 
Specific
Measurable
Actionable
Relavent
Time-sensitive
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35
Q

Stimulus Control

A

Identify stimuli that the person associates with the behavior and make a plan to manage them

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36
Q

Cognitive Restructuring

A

Identify negative self-talk, thought stopping, and though replacing

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37
Q

Motivational Interviewing

A

Focus on exploring and resolving ambivalence though collaboration and evocation

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38
Q

Weight Classification: Underweight

A

<18.5

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39
Q

Weight Classification: Normal range

A

18.5 - 24.9

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40
Q

Weight Classification: Pre-obese (overweight)

A

25 - 29.9

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41
Q

Weight Classification: Obese class I (mild)

A

30 - 34.9

42
Q

Weight Classification: Obese class II (moderate)

A

35 - 39.9

43
Q

Weight Classification: Obese class III (morbid/severe/extreme)

A

> 40

44
Q

Obesity comorbidities

A

CHD, diabetes, cancer, hypertension

45
Q

Metabolic Syndrome

A

Group of risk factors that occur together and increase the risk for CHD, stroke, and type 2 diabetes

46
Q

Urban health

A

Health of densely populated areas

47
Q

Faith Based Organizations

A

Health programs designed, connected, or supported by groups affiliated or based in a nonsecular setting

48
Q

Health-Smart Church Program

A

Goal to increase health promoting behaviors among at risk African-American women and their families

49
Q

Health Empowerment Coaches

A

Serve as role models to provide support in FBO

50
Q

Polygenetic phenomenon

A

Several genes controlling one trait (ex. obesity, addiction, mood)

51
Q

Taq1 A1 Allele significance

A

Major candidate gene that regulates dopamine neurochemistry and is associated with obesity and compulsive overeating; Associated with decreased dopamine D2 receptors

52
Q

Eating high fat, high sugar foods stimulates dopamine in the _______ in a way similar to taking illicit drugs

A

Striatum

53
Q

YALE food addiction scale

A

Identifies those most likely to exhibit markers of substance dependence with the consumption of high fat, high sugar foods

54
Q

Needs Planning

A

Initial process to understand the health behavior and its influences

55
Q

Environmental Imperative

A

Social environments can reinforce positive behavior and punish negative behavior

56
Q

Goals

A

Broad statements of direction

57
Q

Objectives

A

Precise statements of intended targets of change that are specified in measurable terms

58
Q

Precede framework

A

Predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling constructs in diagnosis and evaluation

59
Q

Proceed framework

A

Policy, regulatory, and organizational constructs in development

60
Q

Social assessment

A

Define health behaviors and consider how they affect long-term desired outcomes

61
Q

Epidemiological assessment

A

Data gathering step on health behavior

62
Q

Educational and ecological assessment

A

Identifies factors that have the potential to influence health behavior change

63
Q

Administrative and policy assessment

A

Aligns appropriate intervention strategies to address targeted goals and objectives

64
Q

Outcome evaluation

A

End result of the program and is generally measured by improvements in overall morbidity

65
Q

Binge drinking

A

5 or more drinks in 2 hours for men

4 or more drinks in 2 hours for women

66
Q

Heavy drinking

A

15 or more drinks per week for men

8 or more drinks per week for women

67
Q

AUDIT scoring system

A

Developed by the WHO and is valid across cultures and genders

68
Q

AUDIT Zone I

A

(0-7) –> Alcohol education

69
Q

AUDIT Zone II

A

(8-15) –> Simple advice

70
Q

AUDIT Zone III

A

(16-19) –> Advice and counseling

71
Q

AUDIT Zone IV

A

(20-40) –> Referral to specialist

72
Q

Segregation

A

Refers to the compositional and spatial distribution of two or more groups among a given geographical area

73
Q

1890 - 1940 Segregation

A

Result of large scale migration from the south to urban areas in the northeast

74
Q

1940 - 1970 Segregation

A

Continued migration towards the north;

Defined by collective action racism through housing discrimination

75
Q

1970 - present Segregation

A

Segregation has coined modestly;

Poor black families have become isolated in resource poor areas

76
Q

Risk exposure theory for segregation

A

Segregation creates race differences in the health risk profiles of communities in which minorities often live;
Leads to greater exposure to toxins, target availability of hazardous products; high crime

77
Q

Resource deprivation theory for segregation

A

Segregation creates differential access to health-supporting services

78
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

Restriction of energy intake relative to requirements

79
Q

Bulimia Nervosa

A

Recurrent episodes of binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviors

80
Q

Binge-Eating Disorder

A

Recurrent episodes of binge eating

81
Q

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder

A

Eating or feeding disturbance manifested by persistent failure to meet appropriate nutritional or energy needs

82
Q

Predisposing factors for an eating disorder

A

Genetics, personality

83
Q

Precipitating factors for an eating disorder

A

Life stressors, sociocultural

84
Q

Perpetuation factors for an eating disorder

A

Habit, physiology, reward

85
Q

Levels of treatment for an eating disorder

A

Outpatient –> Intensive outpatient –> Partial hospitalization –> Residential treatment center –> Inpatient hospitalization

86
Q

Seropositivity

A

AIDS test which shows the antibody has been present in the blood

87
Q

2015 NHAS AIDS goal

A

Lower the annual number of new infections by 25%

88
Q

Proposed 2020 HIV/AIDS goals

A 
Reduce HIV incidence by at least 45%
Reduce transmission rate by at least 20%
Increase access to care
Reduce HIV-related disparities
Achieve a more coordinated national response
89
Q

5 Tier Framework for Public Health Interventions

A 
Socioeconomic factors (bottom tier)
Changing the context of to make default decisions healthy
Long-lasting protective interventions
Clinical interventions
Counseling and education (top tier)
90
Q

Structural Intervention

A

Interventions that change behavior by changing conditions beyond individual control such as the social and physical environments

91
Q

When to use structural intervention

A

If the behavior falls within two standard deviations of the mean, it is a “common behavior” and deserves a structural intervention

92
Q

Geoffrey Rose

A

Determinants of individual cases of disease vs. determinants of the cause of disease incidence

93
Q

High Risk Strategy - Rose

A

Target most at risk but don’t address incidence

94
Q

Population Strategy - Rose

A

Control determinants of incidence in the population

95
Q

Prevention Paradox

A

A preventative measure which brings much benefit to the population offers little to each participating individual

96
Q

Nancy Milio

A

To support health promoting choices, broaden the range of options and make health-promoting choices easier and/or make health-damaging options more difficult

97
Q

Rudolf Virchow

A

Medicine as a social science has the obligation to point out problems and attempt their theoretical solution

98
Q

Policy instruments

A

The methods used y decision making bodies to achieve a desired effect

99
Q

Policy process

A

Problem identification –> Policy formulation –> Policy adoption –> Policy implementation –> Policy evaluation

100
Q

John W. Kingdon

A

Multiple streams model

101
Q

Multiple Streams Model

A

Problem stream, policy stream, and political stream must converge in time in order to get the political attention to sue an available solution to solve an existing problem

102
Q

Policy window

A

Policy windows open when the multiple streams converge

Clinical and Public Health Behavior Change (1 decks)

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