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HIUS 221 American History Dr. Smith > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Crusades and the Age of Discovery

A

Religious wars, Catholics remove Muslims from holy land, planted curiosity, discovery, and adventure, slow move out of isolation

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2
Q

Line of Demarcation (1493)

A

Line drawn by the Pope giving almost all of the new world to Spain and very little to Portugal

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3
Q

Powhatan

A

Indian Chief of the Confederacy, father of Pocahontas

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4
Q

John White

A

Artist and mapmaker at Roanoke Island

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5
Q

John Rolfe

A

marries Pocahontas, he was the one that made tobacco a successful export crop

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6
Q

John Smith

A

Saved colonies with his leadership, military discipline “he who will not work shall not eat”

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7
Q

John Winthrop

A

City on a Hill

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8
Q

John H. Noyes

A

He was a Eugenic who tried to become “free from sin” he made Oneida Community very socialist and “complex marriage” every man married to even woman.

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9
Q

Gilbert Tennent

A

Wrote Danger of a Unconverted Minister

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10
Q

Richard Hakluyt

A

Founder of Virginia Company

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11
Q

Edward Teach

A

Black Beard

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12
Q

Robert Johnson

A

Took matters into his own hands and captured and hung Pirates –Bonnet and his crew

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13
Q

Jonathan Edwards

A

stressed justification by faith alone, Faithful Narrative of the surprising work of God in the converstion of many souls in North Hampton, The distinguishing Marks of a work of the spirit of God, sinners in the house (2nd greatest influence in Great Awakening)

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14
Q

Nathaniel Bacon

A

Leader of Bacon Rebellion against governor William Berkley over division of classes

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15
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A

It was designed to keep American colonists off Indian lands and to subordinate them (colonists) to English control.

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16
Q

Hamilton and Jefferson in the Washington Administration

A

Jefferson was the Secretary of State and Hamilton was the Secretary of the Treasury, they both very much disagreed about the National Bank

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17
Q

The Order of Cincinnatus

A

an organization in the United States and France founded in 1783 to preserve the ideals and fellowship of the Revolutionary War officers who fought for American independence.

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18
Q

Great Compromise at the Constitutional Convention

A

Connecticut Plan brought the VA and NJ plans together to make one house based on population (house of rep) and one house with each state getting 2 representatives (Senate)

Also: 3/5ths Compromise deals with the issue of population/representation of whether/ how to count slaves. SC had more slaves than whites but Massachusetts and South Carolina made a compromise= for every FIVE slaves, a state can count THREE of them

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19
Q

Articles of Confederation (things and works done under)

A

Got the name USA, each state had one vote, 9 states had to approve measures and all states had to approve amendments, couldn’t tax states,

Major issues:
• western lands, sold land for $1 an acre
• No provision to raise taxes (no power of the purse)
• Lacked ability to deal with domestic problems like Shey’s Rebellion= MA farmers attacked Springfield MA arsenal –sign that things weren’t working under decentralized government (Articles)

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20
Q

Jefferson’s legacy

A

Known as Articulator of Independence and had a passion for religious libery/ toleration. He passed a Bill of Religious Freedom in VA and Virginia Act for establishing religious freedom. He also Advocated for Education and was the founder of University of Virgina (UVA). He also respected States’ Rights and limited Government. He was the Common Man’s president and was for settlement in the west.

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21
Q

Jackson’s legacy

A

Common Man’s president, Indian removal, Anti-bank, he defeated nullification, he strengthened the power of presidency (vetos, spoil system)

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22
Q

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

A

Written in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 and were authored by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. Argued that the Constitution is a contract with the several states, argued with legitimacy of interposition and nullification by states
VA= Spoke of the States’ right to interpose
Kentucky= “nullifications”

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23
Q

Alien and Sedition Acts

A

Neutralization Act=moved number of years that aliens had to wait to be a citizen from 5 to 14
Alien Act= can be deported for any reason
Sedation Act= illegal to criticize federal government

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24
Q

Era of Good Feelings

A

Nationalism stressed under Monroe

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25
Q

Marbury v. Madison

A

The primary doctrine born out of Marbury v. Madison is that it gave the Supreme Court power to pronounce federal law unconstitutional, In a show of weakness the Court gained strength

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26
Q

Gibbons v. Ogden

A

Established Federal control of interstate commerce

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27
Q

Treaty of Ghent

A

formally ended the American Revolutionary War

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28
Q

Adams-Onís Treaty

A

Gave FL to USA and fixed boarder disputes with Mexico

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29
Q

Joseph Smith

A

Founder of the Book of Mormon

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30
Q

Horace Mann

A

“Father of American Public Schools”, he was a Unitarian, he wanted to gain perfection through education or at least social survival,

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31
Q

Dorthea Dix

A

She improved the quality of prisons and asylums, helped the mentally ill, helped shape rehabilitation for prisoners and served as a superintendent of army nurses in the war

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32
Q

Calvin Stowe

A

“Educte immigrants- self preservation”

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33
Q

Who drew Line of Demarcation?

A

Pope

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34
Q

What General was defeated at Chancellorsville?

A

Hooker

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35
Q

This general won at Chancelorsville

A

Lee

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36
Q

This 1763 Royal Decision designed to keep colonies off of Indian Land

A

Proclamation of 1763

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37
Q

Great Compromise at Constitutional Convention was over…

A

representation

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38
Q

What State is known for the Great Compromise

A

Connecticut

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39
Q

T/F Bill of Rights didn’t take place under Articles of Confederation

A

TRUE

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40
Q

Jackson is known for series of complains pushing back where?

A

Shenandoah Valley

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41
Q

Willmont Proviso

A

Figuring out what to do with land after Mexican War

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42
Q

Kansas Nebrasca Act voided

A

Missouri Compromise

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43
Q

Made Missouri Compromise Uncostitutional

A

Kansas Nebraska Act

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44
Q

Era of Good feelings

A

Nationalism

45
Q

Who applied the Divide and Conquer of Compromise of

A

Douglas

46
Q

Abolitionism in Uncle Tom’s Cabin

A

Colonialism

47
Q

Where was Lee headed when he had to fight at Appomatix Courthouse

A

Lynchburg

48
Q

Who said “John Brown made gallows glorious like the cross”

A

Ralph Waldo Emerson

49
Q

Which union officer won Vicksburg?

A

Grant

50
Q

3 Authors of Federalist Papers

A

Jay, Hamilton, Madison

51
Q

Who wrote Letters from a Farmer in PA

A

John Dickenson

52
Q

T/F Stonewall taught at Westpoint

A

FALSE (he went there but taught at VMI)

53
Q

1st land fight of Civil War

A

Bull Run

54
Q

Which was responsible for freeing all slaves

A

13th Amendment

55
Q

Who establish 1807 embargo

A

Jefferson

56
Q

Who realized it wasn’t Asia by Panama Peninsula?

A

Balboa

57
Q

Union General leading the March to the Sea

A

Sherman

58
Q

Who got beat with a cane on senate floor?

A

Charles Sumner

59
Q

Who advocated American System

A

Henry Clay

60
Q

Southern Attempt to secure land for railroad

A

Gadson Purchase

61
Q

What state spent 1/5 of it’s budget on prosthetics

A

Mississippi

62
Q

Which came first –Fall of Savannah, Battle of Captins., Bunker Hill?

A

Bunker Hill

63
Q

Which came first – Boston Tea party, Declaration of Independence, Boston Massacre

A

Boston Massacre

64
Q

The Alamo

A

Attacked by Santa Ana as a part of the Texas Revolution

65
Q

Sam Houston

A

1st President of Texas,

He captured Santa Ana and forced him to sign an agreement making TX independent

66
Q

Missouri Compromise

A

It prohibited slavery north of the parallel 36°30′ north except within the boundaries of the proposed state of Missouri.

67
Q

Freeport Doctrine

A

formulated by Stephen Douglas at the Lincoln v. Douglas debates. He split Democratic party because of his views on Popular Sovereignty that were tainted by the Dread Scott Case

68
Q

Daniel Webster

A

Gave his description of the US Government as “made for the people, by the people, and answerable to the people” and said “Liberty and union, now and forever” he believed in the majority not the states’ rights

69
Q

Stephen Douglas

A

kept the Compromise of 1850 alive by breaking it up and getting it signed individually

70
Q

Kansas-Nebraska Act

A

Nebraska will come in as a free state but Kansas will come in under popular sovereignty (it will get to chose free or slave) this made people flood in to try to sway decision

71
Q

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

A

Debates for the Illinois election

72
Q

Nullification

A

The right for a state to deny a federal law

73
Q

Compromise of 1850

A

REJECTED law made by Henry Clay, was an omnibus (multi-part) law

  1. Admit CA as a free state
  2. Allow New Mexico and Utah residence to decide free or slave
  3. End slave trade in DC
  4. Pass new fugitive slave laws
74
Q

Ab. Lincoln’s stance on (race, slavery in the South, union, expansion of slavery, Republican party, colonialism)

A

He was against slavery expansion,

75
Q

He raided Harper’s Ferry VA trying to abolish slavery, rocking the south

A

John Brown

76
Q

Charles Finney (New Measures, Anxious Bench, View of sin, View of Revivals.)

A

New Measures, which included the “anxious bench,” where would-be converts could contemplate their decision for Christ.
He encouraged revivals and believed that sin was voluntary

77
Q

Lincoln on the tariff

A

Lincoln was in favor of the Morrill Tariff (47%). Basically the last straw as to why many states succeeded right before Lincoln’s election

78
Q

Constitutional Union Party

A

It was made up of former Whigs who wanted to avoid secessionism over the slavery issue.

79
Q

Liberty Party

A

very anti-slavery

80
Q

Know Nothings

A

Its members strongly opposed immigrants and followers of the Catholic Church and refused to take a stance on slavery

81
Q

Free Soil Party

A

U.S. political party formed in 1848 to oppose the extension of slavery into the territories; merged with the Liberty Party in 1848.

82
Q

Republican Party

A

Were anti-slavery in the territories (west), pro-tariff (to protect American Industry) and the party was made up of many northern

83
Q

Election of 1860 (why did Lincoln win?)

A

Lincoln won the election of 1860 because the Democratic Party was split over slavery in territories

84
Q

Embargo of 1807

A

laid an embargo on all ships and vessels under U.S. jurisdiction,
prevented all ships and vessels from obtaining clearance to undertake in voyages to foreign places,

85
Q

Agrarianism

A

Farming- found mostly in the South

86
Q

Hamiltonian perspective

A

Very much in favor of a large centralized government and less about state’s rights.

87
Q

Lincoln’s 10% plan

A

Part of his reconstruction plan, when southern state had 10% of its registered voters swear allegiance to the USA they would be back into the Union

88
Q

1 Bloodiest Battle in Civil War

A

Battle of Gettysburg

89
Q

2 Bloodiest Battle in Civil War

A

Battle of Chickamauga

90
Q

3 Bloodiest Battle in Civil War

A

Battle of Chancellorsville

91
Q

5 Bloodiest Battle in Civil War

A

Battle of Antietam

92
Q

9 Bloodiest Battle in Civil War

A

Battle at Shiloh

93
Q

10 Bloodiest Battle in Civil War

A

Fort Donelson

94
Q

4 Bloodiest Battle in Civil War

A

Spotsylvania

95
Q

6 Bloodiest Battle in Civil War

A

The Battle of the Wilderness

96
Q

7 Bloodiest Battle in Civil War

A

Second Manassas

97
Q

8 Bloodiest Battle in Civil War

A

Battle of Stone’s River

98
Q

Where does power lie?

A

In the middle- Hamilton won

99
Q

Amendment that freed the slaves and made slavery illegal

A

13th Amendment

100
Q

14th Amendment

A

Gave blacks the right to citizenship

101
Q

Amendment that gave African Americans the right to vote

A

15th Amendment

102
Q

Who won the 1st and 2nd Battle of Bull Run

A

Confederates

103
Q

1st major Union victory in EAST

A

Battle of Antietam (5th bloodiest)

104
Q

Who died from a bowl of cherries and milk?

A

Zachary Taylor

105
Q

Lincoln’s objectives in going to war…

A
  1. Property

2. Money

106
Q

Common Sense

A

Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine inspiring people in the Colonies to fight for independence from Great Britain

107
Q

Authority to declare war under the Constitution

A

President is not allowed to declare war, only congress. But the Constitution refers to the President as the “commander-in-chief of the army and navy of the United States.”

108
Q

Federalist Number 10

A

An essay written by James Madison and the tenth of the Federalist Papers- addresses the question of how to guard against “factions”, or groups of citizens, with interests contrary to the rights of others or the interests of the whole community.

109
Q

Franklin Pierce

A

was the 14th President

HIUS 221 American History Dr. Smith (2 decks)

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