final exam 2/3 Flashcards
dispersion patterns
clumped =
random =
uniform =
are dispersion and dispersal the same thing?
dispersion= is how an organism is distributed in its environment (clumped etc) dispersal= how far an individual ends up from where it was born
interspecific interactions
Mutualism = both species benefit Commensalism = one species benefits and the other is not harmed Parasitism = one benefits and the other is harmed
how does aposematic coloration work?
the advertising by an animal to potential predators that it is not worth attacking or eating
Batesian mimicry
looks like something that is toxic- bright colours but isn’t actually toxic like most bright coloured organisms
Mullerian mimicry
all have evolved to look similar because of their toxicity, most toxic things are bright yellow/green
Crypsis
camouflage (visual and behavioral)
Deimatic display
eyespots on moth wings
how do plants protect themselves against herbivores?
Proteinase inhibitors where the plant stops protein from entering the herbivores body- this is detected by taste
levels of a food chain
Quaternary consumers Tertiary consumers Secondary consumers Primary consumers Producers
What is succession?
the process that describes how the structure of a biological community changes over time
know the different types of succession we talked about.
Primary = initial colonizers in new area (no soil) Secondary = initial colonizers after disturbance
in what ways may disturbance be beneficial to a community or a species?
they provide some fugitive species with opportunities to move into and gain footholds in ecosystems whose biological communities once excluded them
why are invasive species such a problem?
An invasive species is an introduced organism that becomes overpopulated and negatively alters its new environment
what makes something a keystone species? how is this definition useful in conservation? ecosystem dynamics
A keystone species is an organism that helps define an entire ecosystem, they are not always the largest or most abundant species in an ecosystem. However, almost all examples of keystone species are animals that have a huge influence on food webs and without them the whole ecosystem is affected
survivorship curves- Type 1
older individual, higher likely of death (modern human pop)
survivorship curves- Type 2
constant (no age is more likely to die, can die at any age)
survivorship curves- Type 3
low survivorship of young, unless you make it to a certain age, then you’re more likely to survive
Exponential growth
G=rN r= intrinsic rate of growth N= population size curve stays that shape unless r is altered high r= steeper curve lower r= less steep curve
logistic growth
adding K (carrying capacity) further away we are from reaching carrying capacity, the more it would be exponential growth
logistic growth
adding K (carrying capacity) further away we are from reaching carrying capacity, the more it would be exponential growth
in what way is energy flow through an ecosystem cyclical?
Flow of nutrients through an ecosystem is cyclic as the nutrients move from one trophic level to another trophic level all the way up and then back down
how does energy enter into an ecosystem?
solar energy
how are food chains and food webs related?
A food chain outlines who eats whom. A food web is all of the food chains in an ecosystem. Each organism in an ecosystem occupies a specific trophic level or position in the food chain or web
