Final Exam #2

Question 1

In Madagascar, several species of lemur eat bamboo, but each species specializes in one part of the bamboo - one species eats mature bamboo stalks, one species eats bamboo shoots, and one species eats leaves. This is an example of

Answer 1

resource partitioning

Question 2

A niche restricted by competition is a

Answer 2

realized niche

Question 3

An interaction in which an individual of one species kills and consumes an individual of another is called

Answer 3

Predation

Question 4

When the environment changes too quickly for an organism to adapt, what will occur?

Answer 4

Extinction

Question 5

In the western United States, at the southern edge of their range, moose are sometimes so severely infested with ticks that they die. The tick/moose relationship is best described as

Answer 5

Parasitic

Question 6

You will be conducting a study of the interactions of vegetation, animals, mineral composition of the soil, and water levels in a salt marsh. You are studying the

Answer 6

saltmarsh ecosystem

Question 7

In order for natural selection to occur a population must 1. produce many offspring, 2. the offspring must have inheritable characteristics, and 3.

Answer 7

those characteristics must allow the organism to be fit

Question 8

Evolution = natural selection + mutations. The major problem with this is that

Answer 8

Mutations are rarely beneficial nd our genome is actually degrading

Question 9

A beehive depends on pollen from flowers to survive. Flowers depend on bees to pollinate them. Humans tend bee hives, offering the bees a place to live in exchange for some of their honey. The relationship among these three sets of organisms is

Answer 9

mutualistic

Question 10

A deer browsing/munching on a shrub is an example

Answer 10

Herbivory

Question 11

A niche restricted by competition is

Answer 11

realized niche

Question 12

Giraffes, lions, zebras, hyenas, and all other living things of the Serengeti make up a(n)

Answer 12

Community

Question 13

Which of the following describes a population that is distributed evenly across an area?

Answer 13

Uniform

Question 14

Which of the following includes only biotic factors?

Answer 14

Population

Question 15

A population’s growth rate is determined by births, deaths, ______ and _____

Answer 15

immigration and emigration

Question 16

The largest population size a given environment can sustainably support is known as its

Answer 16

carrying capacity

Question 17

All living things and their physical environment within a given area best defines

Answer 17

An ecosystem

Question 18

An organism that depends on another without killing it is a predator.

Answer 18

False

Question 19

Two populations of deer species are separated when a glacier forms. After the glacier melts the two populations become different species. This is an example of allopatric speciation.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

You have many species of bacteria living in your gut and helping you with digestion. This relationship is best defined as commensalism.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

The community is the simplest level of organization that the ecologist studies.

Answer 21

False

Question 22

A herd of mule deer living on a certain mountain and sesparated from other herds of mule deer represents a species.

Answer 22

False

Question 23

Exponential growth curves are generally S shaped.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

A dead tree is an example of a biotic factor in a forest ecosystem.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Catastrophic events like floods are density-dependent factors that affect population growth.

Answer 25

False

Question 26

In order of smallest to largest, an ecologist studies life at these scales:

Answer 26

Individual, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

Question 27

Read the following selection and answer the questions that follow. In 1906, President Theodore Roosevelt established the Grand Canyon National Game Preserve on the Kaibab Plateau in northern Arizona. The preserve was created to protect deer from hunting and predation, which had reduced the population of Kaibab deer to only about 4000. Hunters were prohibited from shooting deer, but they were allowed to shoot the deer’s predators, including coyotes and cougars. Between 1907 and 1923, over 600 cougars and 3000 coyotes were trapped or killed. In response, the deer herd began to increase. By 1915, the deer were estimated at 25,000; by 1920, at 50,000; and by 1923, at approximately 100,000. If you were to graph the population of the Kaibab deer from 1906 and 1923, what would you see?

Answer 27

J shaped curve

Question 28

What is the term scientists use to describe how reproductively successful an organism is in its environment?

Answer 28

Fitness

Question 29

Which of the following is an interaction in which one organism is harmed and the other benefits (+/-)?

Answer 29

Parasitism

Question 30

Mass extinctions occur gradually, one species at a time.

Answer 30

False

Question 31

A trait that is passed to the next generations and promotes an individual’s survival and reproduction is called an adaptation.

Answer 31

false

Question 32

Which of the following is an example of commensalism

Answer 32

Sharks and remoras

Question 33

The ultimate source of energy in an ecosystem in which deer eat grass and coyotes eat deer is

Answer 33

the sun

Question 34

A landslide causes part of a mountainside to fall away, leaving bare rock. In the years immediately following the landslide, the area will experience

Answer 34

primary succesion

Question 35

Type 1 survivorship curve represents what type of group

Answer 35

Humans

Question 36

A species introduced to a new environment without limiting factors could become

Answer 36

Invasive

Question 37

In a food web that consists of grass, mice, deer, coyotes, and hawks, which species is likely to have the greatest biomass?

Answer 37

Grass

Question 38

In the years immediately after a fire, a forest will experience

Answer 38

Secondary succession

Question 39

Which of the following is an example of an invasive species in South Florida?

Answer 39

Iguanas

Question 40

Where 2 different species live together best describes

Answer 40

symbiosis