final exam Flashcards
Three main cognitive changes during the elementary school years
-Children learn to reason generally
-children organize tasks and function more independently than before
-children acquire knowledge in an organized learning environment
Why might a child hide their feelings?
-Avoid negative consequences
-Protect feelings of self-esteem
-Maintain good relationships
-Observe social conventions
How are children looking at themselves differently?
they see themselves in more general terms as opposed to just their physical traits
Which area of competence contribute most to feelings of self-worth?
- Physical appearance
- Social acceptance
- Scholastic/athletic competence
Are children more/less self-critical than before?
more
How does school impact how a family approaches scheduling their day?
daytime hours are organized around school
Specific roles the parent takes on and what impact they have on learning
- Parents resources determine where children live, what schools they attend and learning materials they have access to
- Influence the child’s view regarding learning and ability
- Parental involvement predicts children’s achievement
- Parents help determine the environment surrounding homework
- Parents act as advocates for their child
What was it that put a cascade of events into motion for a child
A child’s academic and social skills
What cultural background do schools in the US generally represent and what cultural models might struggle?
- Schools generally represent a reflection of middle-class European American values and behaviors
- Children and parents from families with interdependent cultural values may struggle
What were the specific roles when helping children with homework?
- Monitor
- Organize
- Motivate
- Encourage
When is the best time for collaborative problem solving?
during times of calm
What are the factors that make discouragement during this stage common?
they are developing skills, making friends and being compared to others
What is the foundation of the 5 key steps of emotion coaching?
empathy
What are the 5 key steps of emotion coaching?
- being aware of the child’s emotion
- recognizing the emotion as an opportunity for intimacy and teaching
- listening empathetically and validating the child’s feelings
- helping the child verbally label emotions
- setting limits while helping the child problem-solve
The “mismatch” in the brain structure
- between the sensation-seeking emotional system and slowly developing prefrontal cortex
Trends in mood and positive/negative feelings
declines in good feelings and an increase in negative feelings
Piaget’s formal operational stage / introspection, idealism and impatience
- adolescents enter Piaget’s formal operational stage
- think abstractly and reason about hypothetical situations
- introspection, idealism and impatience can affect parent-child relationships
Marcia’s identity statuses
- Identity Achievement: Completed a process of exploration and are committed to an identity
- Identity moratorium: Exploration of identity without commitment
- Identity foreclosure: Commitment to identity without exploration
- Identity diffusion: Absence of commitment and exploration
The impact of pressure for gender conformity
those that feel pressure for gender conformity report lower self-esteem
How much time are children spending with their parents are arguments common?
- ½ as much time with parents as they did in elementary school years
- Disagreements are common
Advice for managing conflict
- Recognize a teen having their own beliefs doesn’t represent a rejection of parents’ values
- Recognize an increasing desire for personal choice is a normal part of the development of identity and sense of self
- Consider what the most important issues are and when “little things” can be let go
- Provide opportunities to talk about issues and he child’s reasoning
What contributes to an environment where a child is more likely to disclose information?
parental warmth and clear standards
What concern were mentioned for boys/girls when discussing gender idenity?
- Girls often lose their individuality and become overfocused on the needs, feelings and approval of others
- Boys are often pushed to separate emotionally from parents too early and this separation leads to feelings along and helpless
What predicted social success and satisfying relationship?
whether children consider themselves as “accepted”
Steps to promoting conversation and what to do once a teen begins to talk
- Model the type of communication you’d like to see
- Ask for comments: “what do your friends have planned for tonight?”
- Comment on non-verbal behavior or body language
What type of issues are teens more likely to argue with their parents about?
issues they believe should be in their control
Primary task when promoting initiative
to find activities that both interest and challenge teens
Do parents have more or less access to information regarding their child’s performance at school
more
Preventable causes of death
- Motor vehicle crashes
- Other unintentional injury
- Homicide
- suicide
What should we be teaching adolescents about group recommendations?
That the judgements they make on their own may often be better guides to action than group recommendations
When is working during this stage beneficial and why might minority students become frustrated with school?
- When the teen is still able to fully participate in school/activities
- Minority students anticipate limited opportunity
What was the specific finding we discussed about youth that are involved in a number of activities (think of those that we sometimes worry are “over scheduled”)
Teens that we worry are overscheduled are often more likely to eat meals with parents and openly communicate with them
Why might a teen express a false self?
- Make a good impression
- Experiment with different selves
- Avoid other’s low opinions of them
Outcomes based on parenting style and term used for parents
- Authoritative: competence and decrease of problem behaviors
- Authoritarian: children are less skilled, less self-assured and more dependent
- Permissive: less mature/responsible and more dependent
- Neglectful: impulsive and more likely to engage in risk-taking behaviors
What friendships provide vs. what parents provide and involvement with crowds
- What friendships provide:
o Intimacy
o Companionship
o Understanding - What parents provide
o Affection
o Instrumental help
o Sense of reliability - Youth are likely to make both journey into and out of “crowds”
What predicted quality dating relationship?
attachment with parents
Stage of development we discussed, the main task of this stage, and the term we used for families that have children moving back in
- Adulthood
- The main task is to form a new balance in the parent-child relationship
- Accordion family
What do parents have to rely on more during this stage if they want to promote healthy bhevaiors
modeling behaviors
How can depression manifest and what contexts might it appear?
- Depression can manifest from depressed moods to clinical depression as anger or acting out behaviors
- Contexts:
o Grief
o Lack of self-esteem, feelings of rejection
o Feeling helpless or hopeless
o Genetics
Sign of a potential eating disorder and other signs of an issue
- Eating disorder signs:
o Sudden and intense interest in diets, nonfat food
o Frantic pace of exercise or athletic activity
o Skipping meals or discomfort around eating - Other signs:
o Tiredness
o Boredom
o Irritability
o Tempers/outburst
o Sudden threats to leave home
o Headaches, stomachaches and anxiety
Recommendations for helping a child develop a sense of purpose
- Frequently discuss the child’s interests
- Pay attention to what your child chooses to do with free time
- Talk about your own goals and purposes at work
- Help children accomplish goals and projects
- Connect your child with mentors in the community
- Help children develop a “feeling of agency linked to responsibility”
What is the goal of family life education
To teach the skills surrounding family life and knowledge areas to family members across the lifespan and foster positive individual and family development so families can function optimally
What is family life coaching?
someone that guides clients into increased competence, commitment and confidence regarding a specifed goal
