Final Exam Flashcards
Focusing on theory, political economy, WMD, Human Rights and the UN
Why IGOs seem ineffective in realism?
some IGOs (like UNSC) showcase power struggles rather than resolve them. (Veto Power)
How do institutions help the liberal theory?
Help to de-escalate situations. The mediator between states
Relative Gains (Realism)
States wanting to gain equal or more in terms of benefits.
Prioritizing power advantages over mutual benefits
Absolute gains (Liberalism)
assume all can benefit from cooperations.
No matter if the benefits were equal or less.
constructivism
theory founded on the social norms, beliefs etc. Analyzes the evolution of norms
Marxists
Study the:
- historical economical resources of states
- Class struggle
and how the two can help us understand why and how a states react
Dependency theory (Neo-Marxist)
Critiques the Modernization theory. Believes the global north stripped the global south of resources and power leaving them with nothing.
horizontal proliferation
when states, that formerly had no access to WMD, gain access to them
Vertical proliferation
States growing their WMD collection.
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT;1969)
treaty that allows 5 states to have WMD.
- USA, UK, France, China, Russia
consists of 190 signatories
Overseen by the IAEA
Treaty of Tlatelolco, 1967
Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean
IPE?
International Political Economy
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) Principles
- Most favoured Nation
- National Treatment
Most favoured nation?
preferable trades to certain countries must be applied to other countries also
national treatment?
WTO principle requiring that imported goods be treated no worse than domestic goods after they clear customs (i.e., once tariffs are paid)
-If Canada charges a 5% sales tax on domestic cars, it must charge the same on U.S. imports after tariffs
temporary national treatment?
inputting temporary tariffs on certain sectors in order to save the industry from foreign markets.
- “The WTO permits safeguards but penalizes disguised protectionism.”
When did WTO replace GATT
in 1995
Custom unions
Remove Internal Tariffs: No trade barriers between members (like a free trade area).
Adopt a Common External Tariff (CET): All members impose the same tariffs on imports from non-members.
Coordinate Trade Policies: Joint negotiations with outside countries (e.g., the EU negotiates trade deals as a bloc)
monetary union?
Currency used by 3+ states
Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA)
reduced tariffs or other trade benefits for select goods for member countries; non-member countries maintain the original tariffs.
Regional trade agreement
bilateral and multilateral agreements centred around a particular region
Ex. ASEAN, NAFTA
Third Worldism
Global south countries come together to overthrow the global north
1900’s Timeline
19th century capitalism: considered the great transformation
Post WWII: the economic order reflected ‘embedded liberalism’
1960’s: saw decolonization and ‘third worldism’
global south?
countries with a history of colonialism, lower rates of industrialization and higher rates of poverty.
