Final Exam

Question 1

Visual Rhetoric

Answer 1

rhetorical forms that are other than language or that include more than language, can also be encountered through other senses

example: American flag

Question 2

Visual culture

Answer 2

a culture that is distinguished by the ubiquity of visual forms of communication that appear in multiple media outlets at the same time

example: television, commercial and noncommercial web pages, tablets, cell phones, and magazines

Question 3

presence

Answer 3

immediacy, the creation of something in the front of an audience’s consciousness

acts on sensibility

Question 4

rhetoric of display

Answer 4

rhetoric that makes ideas present through visual display

Question 5

iconic photographs

Answer 5

photographic images produced in print, electronic, or digital media that are 1. Recognizable by everyone within a public culture 2. Understood to be representation of historically significant events 3. objects of strong emotional identification and response and 4. regularly reproduced or copied across a range of media, genres, and topics

Question 6

Body rhetoric

Answer 6

rhetoric that foregrounds the body as part of the symbolic act

Question 7

image events

Answer 7

staged acts… designed for media dissemination

Question 8

reading strategies

Answer 8

• dominant reading
• negotiated reading
• oppositional reading

Question 9

dominant reading

Answer 9

(preferred, hegemonic meaning) reading in which a reader takes the “connoted meaning … full and straights … the viewer is operating independently the dominant code

• does not challenge ideology behind message or way it maintains hegemonic power

Question 10

negotiated reading

Answer 10

reading in which the viewer accepts some of the hegemonic meaning, but also recognizes some exceptions

• denotational meanings are understood but some connotational meanings are challenged

Question 11

oppositional reading

Answer 11

reading in which the viewer correctly decodes the devotional and connotational meaning of a text, but challenges it from an oppositional perspective

Question 12

persona

Answer 12

the ethos, roles, identity and image a rhetor constructs and performs during a rhetorical act

Question 13

performance

Answer 13

all the activity of a given participants on a given occasion which serves to influence in any way any of the other participants

Question 14

ethos

Answer 14

the character of a rhetor performed in the rhetorical act and known by the audience because of prior interactions

Question 15

roles

Answer 15

perform different personas, each calling for to the audience

Question 16

identity

Answer 16

the physical and/or behavioral attributes that make a person recognizable as a member of a group

Question 17

publics

Answer 17

people coming together to discuss common concerns, including concerns about who they are and what they should do

Question 18

counterpublics

Answer 18

parallel discursive arenas where members of subordinated social groups invent and circulate discourse to formulate oppositional interpretations of their identities , interests and needs

Question 19

public screen

Answer 19

the constant circulation of symbolic action enabled by the relatively new media technologies of television, computers, photography, film, internet, and smart phones

Question 20

strong publics

Answer 20

public whose discourse encompasses both opinion formation and decision making

Question 21

weak publics

Answer 21

public whose deliberatively practice consist of exclusively in opinion formation and does not encompass decision making

Question 22

enclaved publics

Answer 22

publics that conceal their “antiestablishment ideas and strategies In order to avoid sanctions but internally produce lively debate and planning”

Question 23

oscillating publics

Answer 23

publics that exist to “engage in debate with outsiders and to test ideas”

Question 24

networked publics

Answer 24

interconnected publics and counter publics formed or strengthened as a result of the communication practices enabled by the internet and social media

Question 25

Public sphere

Answer 25

the civic space created when people (publics) engage in “collective, democratic opinion formation” and where political participation is enacted through rhetorical action