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ETHS English 2HP > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

first person omniscient

A

character in the story who knows all the other thoughts/feelings of the other characters

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2
Q

first person limited

A

character in the story who tells the story through their own thoughts, feelings and experiences

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3
Q

second person

A

when the narrator tells the story referring to “you”

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4
Q

third person omniscient

A

narrator knows all the thoughts, feelings, and experiences of the other characters

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5
Q

third person limited

A

narrator tells story from thought and experiences of a single character

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6
Q

third person objective

A

narrator describes what is happening in the story without using the thoughts or feelings of other characters

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7
Q

topic

A

main subject of the story that the author discusses

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8
Q

theme

A

abstract/controlling idea of the literary work the author wants to convey

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9
Q

dominant narrative

A

most important, powerful, or influential accounts of events, the voices most heard or stories most told

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10
Q

counter narrative

A

a contrast to dominant narratives

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11
Q

hegemony

A

leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group

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12
Q

normalization

A

the process of bringing/returning something to a normal condition or state

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13
Q

ethnocentrism

A

evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one’s own culture

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14
Q

assimilation

A

the process of taking in and fully understanding information or ideas; the process of becoming familiar with something

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15
Q

acculturation

A

assimilation to a different culture, especially the dominant one

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16
Q

antithesis

A

contradictory, a pair of statements or images that contradict one another
ex. this ice cream is nutritionally deficient but spiritually nourishing

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17
Q

antagonistic

A

showing or feeling active hostility or oppression toward someone or something

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18
Q

pessimistic

A

tending to see the worst aspect of things or believe the worst will happen

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19
Q

egocentric

A

thinking only for oneself, without regard for the feeling/desires of others; self-centered

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20
Q

savvy

A

shrewd and knowledgeable; having common sense and good judgement

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21
Q

propitious

A

giving or indicating a good chance of success; favorable

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22
Q

inauspicious

A

not conducive to success; uncompromising

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23
Q

benevolent

A

well meaning or kindly

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24
Q

what are the three aspects of characterization

A

physical, emotional, psychological

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25
Q

what does STEAL stand for

A

speech, thoughts, effect on others, actions, looks

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26
Q

what are some things that shape perspective

A

background, environment, personality traits, relationships

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27
Q

perspective

A

the way narrators, characters, or speakers understand their circumstances

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28
Q

allegory

A

a work of art (story/painting) in which the characters, images, or events act as symbols

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29
Q

parable

A

a simplistic tale told to explain an ethical or spiritual point

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30
Q

epigraph

A

when a poem starts with a quote

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31
Q

anaphora

A

the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of clauses, phrases, or sentences; used to create emphasis

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32
Q

synecdoche

A

when a part of something is used to refer to a whole
ex. do you like my new wheels? (referring to a car)

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33
Q

parallelism

A

when similar syntactic patterns repeat in a sentence; used to improve clarity/efficiency of a message

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34
Q

synesthesia

A

the blending of the five senses to describe an object

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35
Q

polysyndeton

A

repetition of conjunctions (and, or, if, for, but)

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36
Q

asyndeton

A

lack of conjunctions

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37
Q

allusion

A

referring to a person, place, event, or idea from another text or from cultural context

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38
Q

tone

A

the general character/attitude of a text

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39
Q

mood

A

the feeling created by the author for the reader, how the text feels to you

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40
Q

eros

A

sexual/passionate love, romantic love

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41
Q

philia

A

friendship/shared goodwill

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42
Q

storge

A

familial love, kind of philia pertaining to parents and their children

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43
Q

ludus

A

playful or uncommitted love

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44
Q

agape

A

universal love, such as the love for people, nature, or God

45
Q

pragma

A

practical love founded on reason, duty, and one’s long-term interests; favors personal qualities, compatibility, shared goals, and making it work

46
Q

philautia

A

self love, which can be healthy or unhealthy

47
Q

what does diction depend on

A

topic, purpose, occasion

48
Q

topic

A

determines the specificity/sophistication of the diction

49
Q

purpose

A

whether to convince, entertain, amuse, inform, or plead

50
Q

occasion

A

level of formality, influences appropriate choices

51
Q

what are the five elements of voice

A

diction, detail, imagery, syntax, tone

52
Q

diction

A

word choice; foundations of voice, contributes to all the elements of voice

53
Q

detail

A

facts, observations, incidents; used to develop a topic

54
Q

imagery

A

verbal representation of sense experience

55
Q

syntax

A

grammatical sentence structure; controls verbal pacing and focus

56
Q

tone

A

expressions of attitude; gives voice to its distinctive personality

57
Q

formal writing

A

largely reserved for scholarly writing and serious prose

58
Q

informal writing

A

the norm in expository essay, newspapers, fiction, etc

59
Q

colloquial writing

A

sometimes referred to as slang, borrows from informal speech, typically used to create a certain mood

60
Q

connotation

A

the meaning associated with or suggested by a word

61
Q

denotation

A

the literal dictionary definition

62
Q

speaker

A

the voice heard in a poem/text

63
Q

subject

A

what is the text about; what topics are covered

64
Q

structure (poem)

A

the (physical) form of a poem

65
Q

stanza

A

a paragraph in poetry

66
Q

free verse/free form (poetry)

A

poetry that has no regular rhyme or rhythm

67
Q

traditional/fixed (poetry)

A

poetry that has rhyme and rhythm

68
Q

couplet

A

two consecutive lines that rhyme

69
Q

Achilles’s heel

A

Achilles was dipped into the river Styx to obtain immortality, but was held by the ankle, so it was the only vulnerable part of him; someone’s area of particular vulnerability

70
Q

crossing the rubicon

A

Julius Caeser crossed the river Rubicon to take an irreversible step; means to pass the point of no return, often involved danger

71
Q

sacred cow

A

cows are considered sacred in Hinduism; refers to something that cannot be interfered with or harmed in any way

72
Q

pearls before swine

A

during the sermon of the Mount, Jesus said not to “cast your pearls before swine” ; means to give something to people who will appreciate it rather than those who are incapable of appreciating something pf value

73
Q

pound of flesh

A

from Shakespeare’s “Merchant from Venice”, Shylock agrees to finance a fleet of ships from Antonio and demands a pound of Antonio’s flesh if anything happens to the ships; describes an insistence to be repaid even if repayment will harm the debtor

74
Q

once in a blue moon

A

a blue moon is the second full moon within a calendar month, usually occurs every 3 years; describes something that occurs very rarely

75
Q

sirens

A

Greek mythological sea creatures who lure sailors to their deaths on rocky shores by singing an irresistible song, usually depicted as women or half women half bird; anything that tempts a person away from safety and towards a destructive path

76
Q

crocodile tears

A

believed that crocodiles cry when attacking their victims; means to show false sympathy for someone

77
Q

Gordian knot

A

Greek king Gordius tied an extremely complex knot and prophesied that whoever who untied would rule all of Asia, Alexander the Great cut through it with his sword; the knot symbolizes a complex problem and cutting through it represents solving the problem in a quick and decisive manner

78
Q

ivory tower

A

French poetry Alfred de Vigny shut himself in an ivory tower to compose poems; refers to a beautiful but unreachable place, has a negative connotation of being out of touch with reality

79
Q

all that glitters is not gold

A

proverb from Aristotle; means that just because something looks valuable doesn’t mean it actually is, appearances can be deceiving

80
Q

sound and fury

A

from Shakespeare’s Macbeth; refers to great, tumultuous and passionate uproar that is unimportant and meaningless

81
Q

Icarus/fly too close to the sun

A

Icarus and Daedalus used wax wings to escape Crete, Icarus flew too close to the sun and the wings melted and he fell to his death; means to fail or be destroyed due to lack of caution or ambition

82
Q

Janus

A

Roman god of gates/doorways, one face looks to the future and the other looks to the past; symbolic of entrances or beginnings, can either be positive or negative

83
Q

left-handed compliment

A

awkward, clumsy, or doubtful sincerity, sinister side, despite being complimented it is rude or insulting

84
Q

a chip on one’s shoulder

A

young boys used to put a wooden chip on their shoulder and dare others to knock it off and start a fight; a person who is inclined to be resentful or who is looking for an excuse to fight

85
Q

pathos

A

emotions and feelings

86
Q

ethos

A

credibility and ethics

87
Q

logos

A

logic and reasoning

88
Q

comedy play

A

funny play, first comedies were usually satirical and mocked men in power

89
Q

satyr play

A

short plays performed on between the acts of tragedy and making fun of the plight of tragic characters

90
Q

tragedy play

A

deals with large themes of love, loss, pride, the abuse of power, and the relationship between men and gods

91
Q

redlining

A

a discriminating practice in which financial services are withheld from neighborhoods that have significant numbers of racial and ethnic minorities

92
Q

gentrification

A

where low-income, often deteriorating urban neighborhoods see an influx of middle to upper class

93
Q

intergenerational trauma

A

the transmission of trauma or its legacy, the psychological effects that the trauma experienced by people has on subsequent generations

94
Q

tragic hero

A

first defined by Aristotle, a hero who is defeated due to a tragic character flaw, must have sympathy of audience and must come to ruin because of flaw

95
Q

catharsis

A

the process of releasing strong or pent-up emotions through art

96
Q

hamartia

A

tragic flaw, weak point, fault in character

97
Q

hubris

A

arrogance that often accompanies greatness

98
Q

romanticism

A

1790-1850, started by French Revolution, about revolution and radicalism

99
Q

frame narrative

A

story told by different people/lenses

100
Q

what did romanticism value

A

purity of art, nature, imagination, emotion, idealism, simplicity

101
Q

what did the enlightenment value

A

rationality, sophistication, restraint, authority, formal learning, materialism

102
Q

what are the five I’s

A

imagination, intuition, idealism, inspiration, individuality

103
Q

what is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A

1 (top). self-actualization
2. self esteem
3. love and belonging
4. safety and security
5. physiological needs

104
Q

what are the four I’s of oppression

A

ideological, interpersonal, institutional, internalized

105
Q

ideological oppression

A

idea that a group of people is better than others and that the group has the right to control others, elaborated in many ways (intelligence, strength, hard working)

106
Q

interpersonal oppression

A

person to person, includes racist jokes, beatings, laughing, harassment, and threats, related to power (how we speak/act towards each other)

107
Q

institutional oppression

A

when institutions or systems reinforce ideology, can be in legal systems, education, public practice, hiring, etc (races in prisons and ratio of races killed by police)

108
Q

internalized oppression

A

separation within communities, how we internalize the ideas of oppression, when a minority feels disconnected from others in their group

ETHS English 2HP (4 decks)

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