Final Exam Flashcards
(95 cards)
1
Q
What are the 7 types of when clauses?
A
- Time specified
- Time unspecified
- Sequencing events
- Referring to other events
- Age
- Year
- Unexpected
2
Q
How are when clauses signed?
A
Non manuals are the same as time sign and other transitions: brow raise and a head tilt at the time sign clause, pause, neutral brow at the conjoining clause.
3
Q
When clauses using years, month, number mentioned
A
Specific time
4
Q
When clauses that use short, medium, long amount of time
A
Time Unspecified
5
Q
How to suggest a place to eat
A
- suggestion
- name restaurant/ describe environment
- explain reason for suggestion
- drawback
6
Q
Hand shapes that represents shapes, size, things, and location
A
Classifiers
7
Q
Classifiers for people, animals, and objects
A
Descriptive classifiers
8
Q
Classifiers for categories of nouns like people or vehicles
A
Semantic classifiers
9
Q
Classifiers to show placement of an object
A
Locative Classifiers
10
Q
Classifiers when you use your hands to manipulate an object
A
Instrument Classifiers
11
Q
What do you use the CL: 3 for?
A
for cars, boats, trucks
12
Q
What do you use the CL: V for?
A
standing up, sitting down, seating arrangment
13
Q
What do you use the CL: C for?
A
cups, bottles
14
Q
Why do people migrate?
A
war, economic reasons, persecution/ oppression, family reasons, better opportunities, better education, better medical, natural disasters
15
Q
How are narratives told?
A
start with birth, then sequencing life events, then closing statement about the current situation or future plans
16
Q
What are all the ways numbers can be signed differently?
A
- cardinal
- age
- dollars
- cents
- clock
- minutes
- hours
- days
- weeks
- months
17
Q
How to state who would be best for certain roles?
A
- give name
- explain relationship
- explain need and ask for opinion about person for the role
- give opinion on person/ drawbacks
- tell what you plan to do
18
Q
How to make plans?
A
- invite person to do an activity (name activity)
- other person accept invite/state problem with date/decline invitation
- finalize plans and close convo
19
Q
How to cancel plans?
A
- refer to plan previously made
- tell who, when. what activity
- explain why plan had to be cancelled
- tell friend
- tell how friend reacted and close convo
20
Q
What are the types of goals?
A
travel, personal, lifelong learning, adventure, community service
21
Q
Narrative outline for describing neighborhood
A
- tell where you live
- kind of residence
- how long, with whom
- tell what your neighborhood is like
- type of area
- what is neary
- who lives there/ what kinds of people
- what is next to your residence
- tell what you like and dislike
- tell about future plans
22
Q
What are the situations to keep others informed?
A
- you were absent from last class, give reason
- you will leave class early, give reason
- You were late to class, give reason
- You will be absent from the next class, give reason
23
Q
What is the word order for yes or no questions?
A
- establish time (raise brows)
- establish location (raise brows)
- name the topic (raise brows)
- end with a question (raise brows, head tilt forward, hold last sign)
24
Q
Who is Eric Malzkuhn?
A
He became deaf from spinal meningitis at age 10. Over summers, he wrote sports columns for a local daily and was paid $.10 for each inch of print, good money during the great depression. At Gallaudet, he was tea manager for the legendary basketball team, the “Five Iron Men”. He developed the famous ASL translation of Carroll Lewis’s classic poem “jabberwocky”. He invented a succession of “nonsense” animal signs that incorporated the use of his whole body, and intense facial expressions. At 19 years old, he convinced producers to allow the Gallaudet Dramatics Club to perform the play “Arsenic and Old Lace” on Broadway with the best sign language actors in the world. He contracted polio around the time he left teaching. Polio caused him trouble walking, so he moved from Michigan to California to avoid the harsh weather. He encouraged Andrew J. Foster to apply to Gallaudet, where Foster because the first black deaf graduate. Malz had 3 awards in his honor: “Gallaudet sports hall of fame for sports writing”, “Doctor of Fine Arts from Gallaudet”, and MSSD theatre renamed “Theatre Malz” in his honor.
25
Describe how ASL students are in a cafe
ASL students respected Deaf persons in 2 important ways: 1) by not presuming he needed help and 2) by deferring to the Deaf person's decision to handle the situation himself. Deaf people are experienced and adept at communicating with people who do not sign. Deaf community is a linguistic and cultural minority.
26
Describe how ASL students are in a gallery
The 2 ASL students continually sign while they are in the presence of deaf people and other signers. Their behavior implies "total inclusion" and provides opportunities for deaf people to approach them and chat should they be interested. Signing to the best of one's ability in a deaf environment shows respect and courtesy to deaf people. By not signing, it would appear just as rude to deaf people as if they had been standing right in the midst of the gathering.
27
How do you avoid cultural faux pas when you have to bring a non-signing guest to an event with deaf people?
Explain these to your guest prior to attending event:
- it is considered rude to use voice only in a deaf environment
- even when talking with each other, you should both use voice sparingly and only when necessary.
- If you need to approach a deaf person or ASL user, use ASL to relay info to both parties to the best of your ability. Your guest should be patient since you wont be talking and signing at the same time
- In the case of engaging in a convo in ASL with someone else, your guest should not consider it rude if the info isn't relayed immediately
28
Can loving language make you a living?
Bilingual pay for possessing fluency in another language adds to your salary. Knowing another language gives you more options and makes you more effective at whatever job you pursue. To be an interpreter, you have to convey meaning. An interpreter must know and understand the two cultures involved and the subject matter being interpreted.
29
Who is Chuck Baird?
He was born deaf in Kansas city. He submitted his first award-winning painting at age 13, and work eventually won a national scholastic art award. He attended Gallaudet. After Gallaudet, he was invited to participate in SPECTRUM: Focus on deaf artists in Austin, Texas. SPECTRUM: was an art colony that drew 22 deaf artists from different fields. He was hired as a photographer, he worked summers for the National Theatre of the Deaf (NTD) designing and building their sets and taught art at several schools for the deaf. He designed sets and acted in "King of Hearts" as the Painter, he created backdrops from scratch every night in front of amazed audiences. The year 1989 was the year the De'VIA (short for Deaf view/Image art) manifesto was created, which Baird help come up with. It was a manifesto that was developed that defined Deaf Culture Art. Baird stated, "Deaf art expresses the values of deaf culture - the beauty of sign language and its painful oppression, the joys of deaf bonding, communication breakdowns between signers and non-signers, the discovery of language and community, and the history of deaf people. Baird was commissioned to do a collection of De'VIA art for his book that was published by DawnSignPress and to create murals for Gallaudet University.
30
What are the criteria for De'VIA?
- visual fine arts intended to express cultural or physical Deaf experience.
- centralized focus on facial features or on the hands
- may incorporate contrasting or intense colors and values
31
What is the De'VIA manifesto?
De'VIA represents deaf artists and perceptions based on their deaf experiences. Often focuses on facial features, eyes, mouth, ears and hands. Deaf artists tend to work in human scale with these exaggerations and not exaggerate the space around these elements.
32
How are De'VIA artists different from Deaf artists?
Deaf artists are those who use art in any form, media, or subject matter and who are held to the same artistic standards as other artists. De'VIA is created when the artist intends to express their deaf experience through visual art.
33
Refers to spaces populated by hearing people
"hearing world"
34
a professional who specializes in detecting hearing levels and proposing different types of accommodations
Audiologist
35
What is the purpose of an audiological evaluation?
to measure the degree, type, and configuration of the hearing levels by utilizing a physical examination of the ear, tests of hearing and listening, and tests of the middle ear function.
36
What is the focus of turning on low-tone sounds like leaves or water dripping during a hearing test?
to increase the sound level until the individual indicates he or she is able to hear the sounds by raising his or her hands.
37
What is another reason(s) audiologists conduct exams?
- to examine the speech reception threshold, which means testing the quietest speech that can be heard part of the time.
- to detect blockage in the ear canal, fluid in the middle ear, or puncture in the eardrum
38
What is an audiogram?
a chart that measures sound from 0 to 120 decibels and pitch from 125 to 8000 cycles per second
39
Hearing level of the right ear is indicated by a ___________.
circle
40
Hearing level of the left ear is indicated by a __________
X
41
What ability does someone with normal (-10 - 15dB) hearing loss do?
can participate seamlessly in spoken conversation
42
What ability does someone with slight (16 - 25dB) hearing loss do?
can converse in quiet environments; noisy environments can be difficult
43
What ability does someone with mild (26 - 40dB) hearing loss do?
may be able to follow conversation if in quiet environment and topic is familiar
44
What ability does someone with moderate (41-55 db) hearing loss do?
quiet environment and conversations will need to be within 3-5 feet, may benefit from using a hearing aid.
45
What ability does someone with moderately severe (56 - 70 dB) hearing loss do?
will not be able to participate in conversations unless loud; will benefit from the above accommodations
46
What ability does someone with severe (71 - 90 dB) hearing loss do?
may identify environmental noises and loud sounds; may have difficulty producing intelligible speech
47
What ability does someone with profound (91+ dB) hearing loss do?
does not usually rely on hearing or speech
48
Can audiograms be used for different reasons? like what?
To qualify for the deaflympics, receive vocational rehabilitation and social security benefits, or be eligible for admission at an educational institution or program serving deaf students.
49
Is the term "hearing impaired" widely embraced by Deaf people?
NO
50
Those who have not spoken or heard language before they became deaf are ________________.
prelingually deaf
51
Those who already speak and hear a language before they became deaf are _______________.
Postlingually deaf
52
Refers to people who have a slight to moderate hearing loss
hard of hearing
53
Often what can people not separate?
separate the ability to hear from the ability to understand
54
Hearing loss before/at birth
congenital loss
55
hearing loss after birth
acquired loss
56
Problems in the outer and middle ear that cause hearing loss result in?
conductive hearing loss
57
Problems happening inside the ear or within the auditory nerve may result in?
sensorineural hearing loss
58
What does it mean that deaf genes are nonsyndromic?
meaning that these genes only cause the person to become deaf without any other physical changes.
59
Those with an acquired loss became deaf due to?
external factors, not genetics, like becoming elderly or contracting meningitis
60
Most common causes of hearing loss in adulthood include damage to the hearing mechanism. What are examples of this?
prolonged exposure to acute loud noise, the taking of drugs, the aging process, accidents that cause trauma to the hearing mechanism, and diseases that attack and damage the hearing mechanism.
61
The hearing loss is specifically related to the outer and middle ear. it tends to be temporary
Conductive hearing loss
62
Limited to the cochlea inside the inner ear and the connecting auditory nerve
Sensorineural hearing loss
63
Transmits sound from the middle of the ear to the auditory nerve
Cochlea
64
What does damage to the cochlea include?
missing hair, or a disorder where sound is not carried from the cochlea to the auditory nerve
65
What was the old belief about people who were born disabled?
They believe that people who were disabled at birth were being punished or were manifesting demonic origins and it was predetermined by the gods.
66
What are some examples of "cures" for deafness?
1. the use of hot oil with boiled worms in the ear or an operation on the ligament of the tongue to get them to speak.
2. repeated shaking of the head or forcing deaf people to shout so loudly that blood came out of their ears and mouths were often tried in the theory that it would awaken their hearing.
3. some doctors would strike the head hard enough to fracture it, in hope that the blow wold shake something loose.
67
What would happen when deaf children tried to sign or gesture instead of speaking English?
They would be harshly disciplined by having their hands whipped with a ruler or made to stand in the corner for hours.
68
Why were parents and educators instructed to avoid using sign language with deaf individuals?
The thinking behind this is that if deaf children sign (or learn to sign), they will be less likely to want to learn how to speak and socialize with other deaf people
69
Were used to amplify sounds for the heard of hearing by collecting sounds and funneling them into the ear canal.
The development of ear trumpets
70
The first wearable _____________ was developed in 1936, and by the 1950s, ___________ could be worn on the body.
hearing aids
71
involved plastic tan case that was strapped to the chest or to the belt, with a cord attaching the case to a miniature speaker system connected to a plastic ear mold that fit in the ear canal
Body hearing aids
72
what were some side effects of early cochlear implant technology?
frequent severe and debilitating headaches and vertigo, in addition to large, visible scars from the surgery
73
How come some parents miss the signs of their child being deaf?
When a parent comes home, the baby looks at the door, not because he/she hears the door opening and closing but because he or she sees the sunlight that comes through the door as it is being opened.
74
How come baby doctors miss signs of deaf children?
they often have limited exposure to deaf babies
75
Why is it important for early identification of the deaf?
it is important for deaf children to have early exposure to sign language, especially to ensure that the deaf infant is not deprived of access to language.
76
What are the philosophy and recommendations of the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the deaf and hard of hearing that most audiology programs follow?
They often don't recommend sign language and deaf culture as an option equal to auditory devices, surgery, and rehabilitation for parents of deaf infants but may do so as a last resort after all other auditory resources have been exhausted.
77
What do LSL programs often tell parents?
Not to use sign language and may encourage families with deaf children to avoid contact with the deaf community and deaf culture. Some audiologists require parents to sign a contract agreeing to prevent their child from being exposed to sign language.
78
___________ is the option that provides full access to language.
Signing
79
Comes with a mold that is inserted in the ear and connected to a device that lies behind the ear or inside the ear. The microphone, amplifier, and speaker are all fitted into a plastic case worn behind the ear.
Hearing aid
80
Has features that include syncing the digital hearing aid with one's smartphone wirelessly using the Bluetooth feature.
digital hearing aid
81
For people with sensorineural hearing loss, describe the role of the cochlea and what's wrong.
the cochlea in the inner ear responsible for converting sound to electrical impulses is not working, so that when sound travels through the ear, the full sound never arrives at the auditory nerve to be transmitted to the brain.
82
This implant has electrodes that allow external sounds to skip the cochlea that is not working. and be converted into electricalan travel through the auditory nerve, which then sends signals to the brain.
Cochlear implants
83
What do cochlear implants do?
they don't amplify sound. Instead, the sounds are transmitted directly to the auditory nerve.
84
Who are better candidates for cochlear implants and why?
People who are profoundly deaf are usually better candidates for cochlear implants as long as their auditory nerve works because sometimes the surgery can wipe out the remaining hearing the person had prior to the surgery.
85
What are the criteria to be eligible for a cochlear implant?
1. have severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss
2. have the ability to complete brain imaging appointments such as CT scan or MRI
3. have a functioning auditory nerve
4. have good speech and speech comprehension skills
5. have evidence of limited benefit from digital hearing aids
6. be vaccinated against different possible infections
7. be cleared for surgery in general
8. have the financial means to cover extra costs, including extra costs
9. enjoy socializing with hearing , nonsigning people on a regular basis
10. have regular access to transportation for long-term follow-up appointments and care
11. if under the age of 18, be enrolled in an educational program that supports listening and speaking.
12. have realistic expectations about possible results
13. have the support of family and friends
86
What is the difference between people who gets a cochlear implant and hearing people?
For people who have heard sounds all their lives, their brains have been trained to identify and interpret these different sounds.
87
What do people who receive a cochlear implant have to do?
attend regularly scheduled appointments with an audiologist to program the electrical impulses in the speech processor part of the cochlear implant to make sure the sound the person hears is at an appropriate loud level and can be interpreted by the brain. This is called "mapping"!
88
What do patients need to have before undergoing cochlear implant surgery?
Patients are required to get vaccinated for meningitis before undergoing surgery, reducing postoperative infection leading to death.
89
What are some misconceptions involving cochlear implants?
they prevent children from going swimming, going on roller coasters, or playing sports.
90
TRUE OR FALSE: the implant cannot be submerged into water although it is waterproof
TRUE
91
What is the tendency of deaf people that is occurring due to connexin 26 (deaf gene)?
deaf people are marrying other deaf people who communicate using sign language and has resulted in a significant increase in the frequency of children who are deaf due to connexin 26.
92
What is a purpose of genetic testing?
Testing can be used to determine the genetic status of a deaf child or adult (diagnostic testing), carrier testing to find out which relatives may carry genes for deafness, and prenatal testing to determine the genetic status of a fetus.
93
What opportunity does the process of prenatal testing create?
Opportunity to decide how acceptable it is to have babies with disabilities, babies who will develop into individuals with their own unique identities.
94
When a deaf lesbian couple entered a sperm bank looking for a deaf donor, what problem did they run into?
all donors with a possibility of having a deaf child were eliminated. The UK passed legislation that mandated that embryo selection must be based on the grounds of avoiding disease.
95
Why should all babies (hearing and deaf) learn ASL? What is the significance for deaf children and the benefit to hearing?
Learning American Sign Language (ASL) offers significant benefits for both hearing and deaf children. For deaf children, ASL provides a vital means of communication, helping them express their needs and emotions from an early age. Without sign language, deaf children often face frustration due to communication barriers, which can delay language acquisition and hinder emotional development. By learning ASL, they develop stronger language skills, social connections, and cognitive abilities. In addition, learning ASL allows them to gain the resources for academic and personal success.
Miriam and I also discovered that ASL has a positive effect on the development of spoken language for children with hearing loss. Although they may not hear speech in the same way as hearing children, sign language helps them understand the meaning of words and develop speech production skills by observing mouth movements. Early exposure to ASL is crucial for building a foundation for later spoken language skills, improving both visual and auditory communication abilities.
In addition, ASL stimulates cognitive development in deaf children by utilizing hand gestures, facial expressions, and body movements. These actions engage multiple senses, which enhance memory, problem-solving, and attention. We also discovered that children who learn ASL often perform better in tasks that require spatial reasoning and cognitive processing.
Hearing children also benefit from learning ASL. Babies can start using basic signs like "more" before they can speak. This can reduce language disconnect between child and parent and support early language development. Research shows that hearing children who learn ASL often develop stronger speech and language skills earlier than those who are not exposed to sign language. The visual-spatial nature of ASL helps boost memory, attention, and problem-solving skills. Furthermore, we found it fascinating how ASL improves non-verbal communication abilities, teaching children skills such as reading facial expressions and body language.
In addition, learning ASL helps hearing children develop emotional intelligence. By expressing their emotions through sign language, they can improve their navigation of social interactions and regulate their feelings. Lastly, ASL encourages inclusivity by teaching children about Deaf culture and expanding their ability to communicate and empathize with a wider range of people.
In conclusion, teaching ASL to both hearing and deaf children fosters stronger communication skills, greater empathy, and an appreciation for diversity. By introducing sign language early, parents and caregivers can support better emotional, cognitive, and social development for their children.
