Final Exam Flashcards
study guide
Does the body store reserves of water?
- the body does not store reserves of water
- the body maintains a balance of water intake and output to ensure that it operates optimally.
- water balance homeostasis and regulation by the kidneys
Impact of water balance
dehydration; overhydration; metabolism and physical performance
functions of water
- Is a solvent
- Is a major component of blood, saliva, sweat, tears, mucus, and joint fluid
- Removes wastes
- Lubricates tissues
- Regulates body temperature
- Helps digest foods
- Participates in many chemical reactions
- Helps maintain proper blood pH
- Helps transport substances
How much of body weight is water?
- largest component of the human body=50%-75% of body weight
- Water content higher in
infants and children and
declines with age - lean muscle: about 75% water
- fat tissues: about 20% water
food groups/foods with the highest water content.
cucumbers; celery; tomatoes; iceberg lettuce; waterlemon; orange; blueberries; pears; bananas
tap water
- regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
- public water systems
- source protection
bottled water
- regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
- labeling
- Interstate Commerce
Tap water vs. bottled water (which is more regulated?)
Tap water is generally more strictly regulated than bottled water, with more comprehensive testing and public reporting requirements.
Key hormones for fluid balance regulation
Antidiuretic hormone
(ADH) and Aldosterone
Who may be at risk of dehydration?
- infants and young children
- older adults
- Athletes
- people with chronic illnesses
- individuals with acute illnesses
- people living in hot climates
- pregnant and breastfeeding women
major minerals
- Required in amounts of
≥100 mg/day - Needed in greater
amounts in the body &
stored in larger
amounts vs trace
minerals
trace minerals
- Required in amounts
that are <100 mg/day
major minerals types
Calcium (Ca)
Chloride (Cl-)
Magnesium (Mg)
Phosphorus (P)
Potassium (K)
Sodium (Na)
Sulfur (S)
trace minerals types
Chromium (Cr)
Fluoride (F-)
Copper (Cu)
Iodine (I)
Iron (Fe)
Manganese (Mn)
Molybdenum (Mo)
Selenium (Se)
Zinc (Zn
Are minerals organic? (carbon-containing)
inorganic (not carbon-containing)
factors that impact mineral absorption
- Physiological need for the mineral
- Bioavailability
factors that increase or decrease
bioavailability
- Interactions with vitamins and other minerals
- Gastric acidity
- Binding by plant chemicals
bioavailability
the amount of a nutrient that is absorbed and made available to
body cells and tissues
definition of hypertension
- high blood pressure, is a condition where the force of the blood against the artery walls is consistently too high
- defined as having a blood pressure reading of 130/80 mmHg or higher
increasing which nutrient may reduce risk of hypertension?
Potassium can help balance the amount of sodium in your cells and ease tension in your blood vessel walls, which helps lower blood pressure.
What is the goal of the DASH diet? (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension)
- lowing blood pressure
- promoting heart health
- encouraging balanced nutrition
- weight management
- sustainability and long-term health
Some details of DASH diet
(increase intakes of which nutrient, which foods?)
- Potassium: Bananas, oranges, potatoes, spinach, and beans.
- Calcium: Low-fat dairy products like milk, yogurt, and cheese.
- Magnesium: Leafy greens, nuts, seeds, and whole grains.
- Fiber: Whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and legumes.
Some details of DASH diet
(decrease intakes of which nutrient, which foods?)
- Sodium: Processed foods, fast food, canned soups, and salty snacks.
- Saturated and Trans fat: Fatty meats, full-fat dairy products, and processed snacks.
- cholesterol: Organ meats, egg yolks, and high-fat dairy products.
function of sodium
- Transmission of nerve impulses
- Muscle contraction
- Absorption of nutrients: glucose and amino acids
