Final Exam

Question 1

argument in standard form

Answer 1

Premise 1: X has/is p, q, and z.
Premise 2: Y has/is p and q.
Hidden Premise: p and q are the properties relevant to z.
Conclusion: Y has/is z

Question 2

5 steps of scientific method

Answer 2

a) the problem

b) proposed hypothesis to address the problem

c) the prediction or consequences of the hypothesis

d) how the test was performed

e)whether the hypothesis was confirmed or disconfirmed by the test (accepted/rejected after re-evaluation in light of the results)

Question 3

Ad hominem

Answer 3

directed against a person rather than their position

Question 4

Post-Truth

Answer 4

Political culture focused more on irrelevant appeals of emotion and other logical fallacies instead of factual investigation

Question 5

Appeals to Ignorance

Answer 5

X is T/F: bc there’s no evidence that X isn’t T/F,
uses the absence of a rzn to count as a rzn

Question 6

Strawman

Answer 6

• misrepresentation of opponents position or argument and attacks that instead of actual argument

Question 7

Appeals 2 emotion

Answer 7

• only providing emotional appeal to compensate for poor content

Question 8

unacceptable premises

Answer 8

• violations; premises that don’t support conclusion

*BEG THE Q: conclusion alr assumed w/ premises (circulation)

Question 9

False Dilemma/Dichotomy

Answer 9

• Arguer presents a limited set of options as if they are the only possible choices, when there may be other alternatives

Question 10

Slippery slope

Answer 10

• taking one step will inevitably lead to more steps and an undesirable condition

Question 11

Faulty analogy

Answer 11

• an argument (analogies) based on similarities between 2 things