Final Exam Flashcards
Promoter
a DNA sequence located near the start of a gene that RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription
Repressor
a transcription factor that prevents mRNA synthesis by binding to the operator of a gene
Insulator
an element that disrupts the signal between enhancers and promoters
Regulatory gene
a gene that controls the expression of one or more genes by promoting or inhibiting transcription
Inducer
a small molecule that activates transcription by inhibiting the action of a repressor protein
Operator
a short sequence of DNA located near the promoter region that is recognized by a repressor protein
Eukaryotic repressor
binds to a silencer that uses transcriptional activator proteins to block RNA polymerase
Bacterial repressor
binds to an operator downstream of the promoter site and blocks RNA polymerase
If small interfering RNA (siRNA) that is complementary to FLC mRNA is introduced, how would RNA interference (RNAi) affect flowering?
RNAi would degrade FLC mRNA and stimulate flowering
What post-translational modification generally targets a protein for degradation in eukaryotes?
ubiquitination
Conditions necessary for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
random mating, no genetic drift, no mutation, no natural selection, no migration
Conditions that lead to evolution
migration, natural selection, genetic drift, nonrandom mating, mutation
Bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs)
transformed as a circular chromosome; used for cloning DNA in bacteria; contains par genes originating from the Fâ plasmid
Yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs)
contains a centromere sequence, transformed as a linear chromosome, contains a telomere sequence
Both BACs and YACs
used for cloning of long (greater than 10 kbp) DNA fragments, contains an origin of replication
