final exam Flashcards
components of the general survey
physical appearance, body structure, mobility, and behavior, general survey is often the first part of a physical examination, providing initial clues about a patient’s health
Normal findings of general survey—BMI
normal finding for BMI (Body Mass Index) on a general survey is considered to be between 18.5 and 24.9
-practical marker of optimal weight and height
-may indicate obesity or protein calorie malnutrition
-not always correct indicator—especially in people with great muscle mass
such as people who engage in frequent weight training
Examination of the tongue
signs of concern like ulcers, lesions, masses, or firmness, signs of infection, such as fever or swollen lymph nodes in the neck
Assessing oral cavity for fungal infections
visual examination of the mouth, looking for characteristic signs like white patches, redness, soreness, and changes in texture, while also taking a detailed patient history and potentially collecting samples for further analysis through swabs or biopsies to identify the specific fungal species present
Simple method to use during examination to assess mental health
ask a series of questions about mood, recent life events, sleep patterns, appetite changes, and basic cognitive functions like recalling three objects or counting backwards by sevens, while also observing the individual’s appearance, behavior, and speech patterns for any signs of distress or unusual presentation
Signs that may be found on a patient with otitis media
absent light reflex from increasing middle ear pressure is an early sign of
otitis media, as pressure increases, the tympanic membrane begins to
bulge, fiery red color and bulging of the entire eardrum is not an early
sign of otitis media but occurs a little later, retracted tympanic membrane
with landmarks clearly visible indicates a blocked eustachian tube which is
not an early sign of otitis media, a tympanic membrane that is flat, slightly
pulled in at the center, and moves with insufflation is a normal eardrum, not
a manifestation of otitis media
Correct technique for ascultating the chest in adult
-lungs: have the patient sit upright, ask them to take deep breaths through their mouth, and systematically move the stethoscope’s diaphragm across the chest, comparing sounds between symmetrical points on each side, starting at the apex of the lungs and working downwards, listening for at least one full breath cycle at each location, noting the quality and intensity of breath sounds while checking for any adventitious sound, 8 in the front and 18 in the back
-heart:
-second right interspace: aortic valve area
-second left interspace: pulmonic valve area
-left lower sternal border: tricuspid valve area
-fifth interspace at around left midclavicular line: mitral valve area
Assessment finding of a patient with jugular venous pulsations in relationship to heart failure
assess for jugular venous with client at 45º, located between the two head of sternoclasmastoid, it is raised in right heart failure,
