Final exam Flashcards
Public Speaking is completely different from a conversation.
False
Nervousness can be a good thing.
True
Which of the following is NOT a way that public speaking differs from conversations?
In a conversation, you can adapt to listeners’ feedback, but in a speech you cannot.
A ringing cell phone or an audience member browsing the Web on her laptop during a speech are examples of which element in the speech communication process?
Intereference
The tendency to see the beliefs, values, and customs of one’s own culture or group as “right” or “natural” is called?
Ethnocentrism
Because speechmaking is a form of power, it carries with it heavy ______ responsibilities.
ethical
Even though there can be gray areas when it comes to assessing a speaker’s goals, it is still necessary to ask ethical questions about those goals.
True
Because listeners recognize that public speakers are promoting their self-interest, it is acceptable for speakers to alter evidence.
False
When a speaker ______, she restates or summarizes an author’s ideas in her own words.
paraphrases
It is only necessary for a speaker to identify his or her source when quoting verbatim—not when paraphrasing.
False
People spend more time listening than doing any other communicative activity.
True
Listening and critical thinking are so closely allied that training in listening is also training in how to think.
True
______ listeners give their undivided attention to the speaker in a genuine effort to understand her or his point of view.
Active
Ivan is attending a union meeting in which the union president is discussing the company’s plan to decrease wages in exchange for an increase in vacation time. As Ivan listens, he is trying to determine whether or not to vote for the plan. According to your textbook, Ivan is engaged in ______ listening.
critical
Your textbook recommends taking word-for-word notes as a way to improve your listening skills.
False
The main section of a speech.
body
A word of phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another.
transition
A carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes.
extemporaneous speech
A method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics.
topical order
A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern.
chronological order
To inform my audience about the major features of an MP3 player” is a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about
an object.
An informative speech about a process explains a systematic series of actions that leads to a specific result or product.
True
As your textbook explains, when preparing an informative speech, you should
All answers are correct.
Which of the following recommendations does your textbook give for relating a subject directly to your audience in an informative speech?
All answers are correct.
Your textbook recommends using abstractions as a way to clarify ideas in an informative speech.
False
When your general purpose is to ____________, you act as a teacher or lecturer.
inform
The ____________ is a single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in her or his speech.
specific purpose statement
Identify the flaw in the following specific purpose statement: “To persuade my audience that our state legislature should protect Internet privacy and increase spending for education.”
It contains two unrelated ideas.
Identify the flaw in the following central idea for a speech: “Something should be done about rising sea levels.”
It’s too vague.
What is the central idea of a speech with the following main points?
I. Isabel Baumfree was born into slavery in the state of New York during the 1790s.
II. After undergoing a conversion experience and changing her name to Sojourner Truth, she began preaching during the 1840s.
III. Over the next few decades, she became a celebrated speaker for various reform causes.
Sojourner Truth was born into slavery, underwent a conversion experience, and became a speaker for various reform causes
The primary purpose of speechmaking is to
gain a desired response from listeners.
Audience-centeredness involves keeping your audience foremost in mind
at every step of speech preparation and presentation.
Adapting your message to the needs of a particular audience means that you must inevitably compromise your beliefs. True or false?
False
One key to successful speaking is determining which audiences are worthy of your best efforts to communicate your ideas.
False
When gauging your audience’s disposition toward the speech topic, you should take into account their
All answers are correct.
Most speeches should have six to ten main points.
False
The most effective order of main points in a speech depends on your
topic, purpose, and audience.
Here are the main points for an informative speech:
I. In 1827, the Cherokee tribe of Georgia declared themselves an independent state.
II. From 1828 to 1834, the Georgia legislature passed laws that destroyed the Cherokee political structure.
III. During the winter of 1838, the Cherokee were driven out of Georgia in a tragic march along a route that became known as the Trail of Tears.
These main points are arranged in ____________ order.
chronological
If the following statement occurred in the body of a speech, it would be an example of what kind of connective?
As I shall explain next, solving the problem of groundwater contamination involves two steps: limiting new development and requiring builders to use more efficient septic systems.
internal preview
As explained in your textbook, words or phrases that indicate when a speaker has completed one thought and is moving to another are called bridges.
False
If you were giving an informative speech on the subject of troglodytes, you would probably include a ____________ in your introduction.
definition
As your textbook explains, even when you use other interest-arousing lures in a speech introduction, you should always ____________.
relate the topic to the audience
____________ is the audience’s perception of whether the speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic.
Credibility
When you advocate a highly unpopular position, it is particularly important to ____________ in the introduction of your speech.
establish goodwill toward the audience
The ____________ is usually the last element of a speech introduction and provides a smooth lead-in to the body of the speech.
preview statement
A preparation outline should include
a bibliography
When preparing a speaking outline, you should
give yourself cues for delivering the speech.
Even though a speaking outline should be kept as brief as possible, you should usually write out quotations in full.
True
Which of the following is a correctly worded main point for a speech preparation outline?
The history of the bagpipe dates to ancient Greece.
Below is a main point, a subpoint, and two sub-subpoints from a preparation outline about acoustical engineering. Which is the subpoint?
Noise control is an issue both for indoor and outdoor settings.
A(n) ____________ speech is a carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes
extemporaneous
Changes in a speaker’s rate, pitch, and volume are referred to as
vocal variety.
One of the advantages of using the extemporaneous method of delivery is that it
encourages conversational quality.
“Conversational quality” refers to speech delivery that sounds spontaneous no matter how many times it has been rehearsed.
True
When practicing your speech delivery, you should do all the following except
try to learn your speech word for word.
What is a major factor to consider when deciding whether to use an object as a visual aid?
Its size
It is crucial to fit all the information you want your audience to retain on a single chart.
False
Distributing handouts is usually an excellent way to present visual aids during a speech.
False
When preparing a visual aid, you should use ALL CAPS because it is easier to read.
False
If you were delivering a speech about unemployment and wanted to show changes in the unemployment rate over the last decade, you should use a ____________ graph.
line
Which of the following is an instance of persuasive speaking?
a lawyer arguing for the acquittal of her client
A persuasive speech on a question of fact is essentially the same as an informative speech.
False
“To persuade my audience that discrimination on the basis of genetic traits is unfair” is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of ___________.
value
“To persuade my audience to become regular blood donors” is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech seeking passive agreement.
False
Which of the following is the third step in Monroe’s motivated sequence?
satisfaction
A speaker’s credibility is affected above all by how the audience regards the speaker’s
competence and character
The most important question to ask when assessing analogical reasoning is whether
the two cases being compared are essentially alike
The following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
We should build a new high school or children in this community will never get into college.
either-or
The following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
As we have seen, the trend is for companies to reduce long-term research and development costs in order to increase short-term profits. Since so many companies are doing this, it must make good business sense.
bandwagon
What kind of reasoning is used in the following statement?
Because the crime-reduction policy I propose has worked successfully in New York, Houston, and New Orleans, we can be confident that it will work here as well.
analogical reasoning
Most library catalogues allow you to search for books by
All answers are correct
The library resources discussed in this chapter include
All answers are correct
Which of the following does your textbook recommend for doing speech research?
All answers are correct
Even if you can’t identify the author or sponsoring organization for an Internet document, you can still use the document in your speech as long as it is up to date.
False
When taking research notes, you should only write down information that you know you will use in your speech.
False
The three kinds of supporting materials discussed in your textbook are
statistics, examples, and testimony.
According to your textbook, a(n) ____________ example is a story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point.
extended
According to your textbook, if you quoted your sixteen-year-old niece on the impact of media violence on high-school students, you would be using ____________ testimony.
peer
What is the median in the following set of numbers: 500, 600, 650, 700, 750?
650
According to your textbook, what type of supporting material would you be using if you quoted Yale physicist Daniel Timbie on the compatibility of the big bang theory with religious philosophies?
expert testimony
Language mirrors reality.
False
Inaccurate use of language can harm a speaker’s credibility.
True
Which of the following is the most general and abstract?
Communication
“Once given a push, the machine of justice rolls on by itself” is an example of
metaphor
Which of the following is an example of a speech for a special occasion?
a speech presenting an award to a retiring teacher
When giving a speech of presentation, you should usually
All answers are correct.
Because a speech of introduction focuses on the main speaker, there is little need to adapt to the audience
False
Of all the kinds of speeches, perhaps none depends more on the creative and subtle use of language than does the commemorative speech.
False
The major traits of a good acceptance speech are brevity, humility, and ____________.
graciousness
In an online speech you have essentially the same relationship with your audience as in an in-person speech.
False
Possible sources of interference in online speeches include
All answers are correct.
The __________ refers to the onscreen elements seen by the audience during an online speech.
visual environment
When giving an online presentation, you should speak with your back to a window so there will be plenty of light.
False
Even though the Internet is often informal, you should dress as professionally for an online speech as for an in-person one.
True
In public speaking, you should make ethically sound goals, be fully prepared, avoid name-calling and abusive language, and put principles into practice
True
Global plagiarism is stealing from one source and passing it off as your own
True
Patchwork plagiarism is stealing ideas and language from two or three sources and passing it off as your own
True
Incremental plagiarism is failing to give credit for parts borrowed from other sources
True
Listeners should be courteous and attentive during the speech, avoid prejudging the speaker, and maintain the free and open expression of ideas
True
Forms of brainstorming include personal inventory, clustering, and internet searches
True
Write your specific purpose statement as a full infinitive phrase, express your purpose as a statement, avoid figurative language, and limit your purpose statement to one specific idea
True
Does your statement meet the assignment? Accomplish in the time allotted? Relevant to the audience? Too trivial to the audience? Too technical for the audience?
True
The central idea is the concise statement of what you expect to say, also known as a thesis statement
True
A well-worded central idea should not be too general, be written in a complete sentence, be declarative, and not use figurative language
True
Hearing is the vibration of soundwaves on eardrums, while listening is paying close attention to what we hear
True
Appreciative listening is listening for pleasure and enjoyment
True
Empathetic listening is listening to provide emotional support for the speaker
True
Comprehensive listening is listening to understand a message
True
Critical listening is listening to evaluate a message
True
The four man causes of poor listening are not concentrating, listening too hard, jumping to conclusions, and focusing on delivery and appearance
True
Taking listening seriously includes taking listening seriously, be an active listener, resist distractions, don’t be diverted by delivery and appearance, suspend judgement, focus on one’s listening, and develop note-taking skills
True
