Final exam

Question 1

Relationship between flow, Pressure, and Resistance for the movement of air in lungs

Answer 1

Flow=change in pressure/resistance

Question 2

What keeps lungs inflated and prevents collapse?

Answer 2

Fluid layer between visceral pleura attached to the lung and parietal pleura attached to the chest wall

Question 3

When diaphragm contracts and thoracic volume increases, what happens to pressure in the lungs?

Answer 3

Decreases

Question 4

Decreased pressure in lungs and increased thoracic volume causes air flow in which direction?

Answer 4

Inside the lungs; high pressure to low pressure

Question 5

Decreased pressure in lungs and increased thoracic volume causes _______ interpleural pressure.

Answer 5

Decreased

Question 6

What scenario can cause a decrease in diffusion of gas molecules in blood?

Answer 6

Increased travel length

Question 7

Oxygen is ____soluble in plasma then carbon dioxide.

Answer 7

Less

Question 8

Gas exchange is driven by…

Answer 8

Simple diffusion, driven by partial pressure of gasses

Question 9

PO2 is ____ Carbon dioxide in venous blood.

Answer 9

Less than

Question 10

PCO2 is ____ oxygen in arterial blood.

Answer 10

Less than

Question 11

Why does the body use hemoglobin to transport oxygen and not plasma?

Answer 11

O2 is not very soluble in plasma
Not enough O2 diffuses into blood plasma to carry out bodily functions

Question 12

When breath holding, why is there an increase of PCO2 in the lungs?

Answer 12

CO2 constantly produced and leaving tissue(muscle)

Question 13

Where does Oxygen bind to in hemoglobin?

Answer 13

Heme group

Question 14

Carbon dioxide _____ transport through hemoglobin.

Answer 14

Can

Question 15

How is carbon dioxide transported via bicarbonate ion?

Answer 15

CO2 in RBC react with H+ and HCO3- that enters plasma and carried to lungs. RXN catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase

Question 16

What replaces the bicarbonate ion in RBC, is it replaceable?

Answer 16

Chloride, yes

Question 17

Carbon dioxide is ____ majorly transported via plasma.

Answer 17

Not

Question 18

What is special about the Hb saturation curve?

Answer 18

It’s sigmoidal with a safety plateau where almost complete saturation can be achieved at different PO2 during Hb loading

Question 19

What is the affinity to oxygen during a RIGHT shift in the Hb saturation curve?

Answer 19

Reduced

Question 20

What is the affinity to oxygen during a LEFT shift in the Hb saturation curve?

Answer 20

Increased

Question 21

LEFT Hb shift =____ metabolic activity, ___pH, ___temperature

Answer 21

Decreased, increased, decreased

Question 22

Increased metabolic activity= ____ CO2 production and ____ in H+ ions

Answer 22

Increase, Increase

Question 23

During increased metabolic activity, what effect causes reduced oxygen affinity due to binding to excess H+?

Answer 23

Bohr effect

Question 24

Where is the integrating center for monitoring PO2, PCO2, and pH levels in blood?

Answer 24

Brainstem

Question 25

How is PO2 measured in arterial blood?

Answer 25

Peripheral chemoreceptors in aorta and carotid bodies

Question 26

How is PCO2 monitored in the body?

Answer 26

The H+ concentrations in CSF via central chemoreceptors in brainstem

Question 27

Central chemo receptors measure…

Answer 27

CO2 and brain pH

Question 28

Increased CO2, _____ breathing

Answer 28

Increases