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Geology > FINAL EXAM > Flashcards

FINAL EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

________ is produced by evaporation from a warm-water surface into the cool air above; often found over lakes and rivers.
Steam Fog, Advection Fog, Radiation Fog, Upslope Fog

A

Steam Fog

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2
Q

Cirrostratus clouds form in the ________ regions of the troposphere.
Highest, Lowest, Middle, Fog Bank

A

Highest

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3
Q

When warm, moist air moves over a cold surface, ________ fog may result.
Advection, Radiation, Upslope, Steam

A

Advection

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4
Q

Relative to lower temperatures, high temperatures require ________ moisture to fully saturate the air.
Less, More, Same Amount, No.

A

More

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5
Q

What unusual situation can occur in the absence of condensation nuclei?
Adiabatic Warming, a relative humidity of over 100%, cumulonimbus clouds, cirrostratus clouds.

A

a relative humidity of over 100%

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6
Q

Clouds consist of ________.
Water droplets, ice droplets, either water droplets or ice particles, white-colored gases.

A

either water droplets or ice particles

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7
Q

The cooling or warming of air that occurs because air is allowed to expand or is compressed, not because it is added or subtracted is called ________.
wet adiabatic rate, dry adiabatic rate, adiabatic temperature changes, sensible heat

A

adiabatic temperature changes

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8
Q

How can condensation be triggered to form clouds or fog?
Add sufficient water vapor to the air so that it reaches saturation, heat the air to its dew point, remove sufficient water vapor from the air so that it reaches saturation, increase humidity.

A

Add sufficient water vapor to the air so that it reaches saturation

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9
Q

Any open container having a consistent cross-sectional area throughout can be used as a ________.

A

Rain Gauge

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10
Q

________ is an indication of how near the air is to saturation rather than the actual quantity of water vapor in the air.

A

Relative Humidity

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11
Q

The term ________ is used to describe the conversion of a solid directly to a gas, without passing through the liquid state.

A

Sublimation

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12
Q

Liquid water at temperatures below freezing is termed ________.

A

supercooled

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13
Q

The change of state from a liquid to a gas is called ________.

A

Evaporation

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14
Q

________ resists upward movement.

A

Stable Air

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15
Q

Atmospheric ________ is the ultimate cause of weather.

A

instability

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16
Q

The change of state from a gas to a liquid is called ________.

A

Condensation

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17
Q

After the proper wet-bulb-measuring procedure, the two thermometers on a sling psychrometer yield the same temperature. This indicates that ________.

A

The air is saturated with water vapor.

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18
Q

Unequal surface heating that causes localized pockets of air (thermals) to rise because of their buoyancy is termed ________.

A

Convective lifting.

19
Q

Which of the following is a cloud of vertical development?

A

Cumulonimbus

20
Q

________ occurs when warm air is forced up and over a mass of cooler air.

A

Frontal Wedging

21
Q

When elevated terrain such as a mountain range causes air to rise, this is called ________.

A

Orographic lifting

22
Q

________ forms when relatively humid air moves up a gradually sloping landform or the steep slopes of a mountain.

A

Upslope Fog

23
Q

When 10 calories of heat are absorbed by 1 gram of water, the molecules vibrate faster and the temperature ________.

A

Rises

24
Q

A wintertime form of precipitation that consists of small transparent or translucent ice particles is called ________.

A

Sleet

25
Q

Meteorologists refer to an imaginary volume of air enclosed in a thin elastic cover as a ________.

A

Parcel

26
Q

___ is a type of fog that forms in valleys at night.

A

Radiation Fog

27
Q

The most important process of cloud formation in the atmosphere is ________.

A

cooling by expansion of air

28
Q

________ is a cloud with its base at or very near the ground.

A

Fog

29
Q

________ clouds form sheets or layers that cover much of the sky.

A

Stratus

30
Q

The ________ is the temperature to which a parcel of air would need to be cooled in order to reach saturation.

A

dew point

31
Q

________ occurs when the wind pattern near Earth’s surface is such that more air is entering an area than leaving.

A

Convergence

32
Q

________ is a kind of precipitation consisting of drops of water that fall from a cloud and have a diameter of at least 0.5 millimeter (0.02 inch).

A

Rain

33
Q

The theory that relates the formation of precipitation to supercooled clouds, freezing nuclei, and the different saturation levels of ice and liquid water is called ________.

A

The Bergeron Process

34
Q

When the environmental lapse rate is less than the wet adiabatic rate, ________ occurs.

A

absolute stability

35
Q

Dry adiabatic rate only refers to ________.

A

unsaturated air

36
Q

Which of the following is the best example of a hygroscopic nucleus?

A

sea salt

37
Q

Mixing ratio, relative humidity, and dew-point temperature are all ways of measuring the amount of ________ in the air.

A

water vapor

38
Q

A fire extinguisher containing compressed CO2 is used to put out a fire. In spite of being close to the flames, the firefighter notices a white layer of “frost” forming on the exterior of the fire extinguisher can. What’s going on?

A

The gas in the extinguisher is expanding when released, cooling adiabatically.

39
Q

The ________ occurs when large cloud droplets (giants) collide and join together with smaller droplets to form raindrops.

A

collision-coalescence process

40
Q

________ are solid particles that serve as cores for the formation of ice crystals.

A

Freezing nuclei

41
Q

“Frost” buildup inside a household freezer is an example of ____.

A

Deposition

42
Q

Updrafts in cumulonimbus clouds may loft small particles of ice through the cloud, coating them and producing ________.

A

Hail

43
Q

Air that does not resist vertical displacement is called ________.

A

Unstable

44
Q

What two kinds of fog are the result of adding moisture to a layer of air?

A

Steam and Frontal

Geology (7 decks)

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