FINAL EXAM Flashcards
________ is produced by evaporation from a warm-water surface into the cool air above; often found over lakes and rivers.
Steam Fog, Advection Fog, Radiation Fog, Upslope Fog
Steam Fog
Cirrostratus clouds form in the ________ regions of the troposphere.
Highest, Lowest, Middle, Fog Bank
Highest
When warm, moist air moves over a cold surface, ________ fog may result.
Advection, Radiation, Upslope, Steam
Advection
Relative to lower temperatures, high temperatures require ________ moisture to fully saturate the air.
Less, More, Same Amount, No.
More
What unusual situation can occur in the absence of condensation nuclei?
Adiabatic Warming, a relative humidity of over 100%, cumulonimbus clouds, cirrostratus clouds.
a relative humidity of over 100%
Clouds consist of ________.
Water droplets, ice droplets, either water droplets or ice particles, white-colored gases.
either water droplets or ice particles
The cooling or warming of air that occurs because air is allowed to expand or is compressed, not because it is added or subtracted is called ________.
wet adiabatic rate, dry adiabatic rate, adiabatic temperature changes, sensible heat
adiabatic temperature changes
How can condensation be triggered to form clouds or fog?
Add sufficient water vapor to the air so that it reaches saturation, heat the air to its dew point, remove sufficient water vapor from the air so that it reaches saturation, increase humidity.
Add sufficient water vapor to the air so that it reaches saturation
Any open container having a consistent cross-sectional area throughout can be used as a ________.
Rain Gauge
________ is an indication of how near the air is to saturation rather than the actual quantity of water vapor in the air.
Relative Humidity
The term ________ is used to describe the conversion of a solid directly to a gas, without passing through the liquid state.
Sublimation
Liquid water at temperatures below freezing is termed ________.
supercooled
The change of state from a liquid to a gas is called ________.
Evaporation
________ resists upward movement.
Stable Air
Atmospheric ________ is the ultimate cause of weather.
instability
The change of state from a gas to a liquid is called ________.
Condensation
After the proper wet-bulb-measuring procedure, the two thermometers on a sling psychrometer yield the same temperature. This indicates that ________.
The air is saturated with water vapor.
Unequal surface heating that causes localized pockets of air (thermals) to rise because of their buoyancy is termed ________.
Convective lifting.
Which of the following is a cloud of vertical development?
Cumulonimbus
________ occurs when warm air is forced up and over a mass of cooler air.
Frontal Wedging
When elevated terrain such as a mountain range causes air to rise, this is called ________.
Orographic lifting
________ forms when relatively humid air moves up a gradually sloping landform or the steep slopes of a mountain.
Upslope Fog
When 10 calories of heat are absorbed by 1 gram of water, the molecules vibrate faster and the temperature ________.
Rises
A wintertime form of precipitation that consists of small transparent or translucent ice particles is called ________.
Sleet
Meteorologists refer to an imaginary volume of air enclosed in a thin elastic cover as a ________.
Parcel
___ is a type of fog that forms in valleys at night.
Radiation Fog
The most important process of cloud formation in the atmosphere is ________.
cooling by expansion of air
________ is a cloud with its base at or very near the ground.
Fog
________ clouds form sheets or layers that cover much of the sky.
Stratus
The ________ is the temperature to which a parcel of air would need to be cooled in order to reach saturation.
dew point
________ occurs when the wind pattern near Earth’s surface is such that more air is entering an area than leaving.
Convergence
________ is a kind of precipitation consisting of drops of water that fall from a cloud and have a diameter of at least 0.5 millimeter (0.02 inch).
Rain
The theory that relates the formation of precipitation to supercooled clouds, freezing nuclei, and the different saturation levels of ice and liquid water is called ________.
The Bergeron Process
When the environmental lapse rate is less than the wet adiabatic rate, ________ occurs.
absolute stability
Dry adiabatic rate only refers to ________.
unsaturated air
Which of the following is the best example of a hygroscopic nucleus?
sea salt
Mixing ratio, relative humidity, and dew-point temperature are all ways of measuring the amount of ________ in the air.
water vapor
A fire extinguisher containing compressed CO2 is used to put out a fire. In spite of being close to the flames, the firefighter notices a white layer of “frost” forming on the exterior of the fire extinguisher can. What’s going on?
The gas in the extinguisher is expanding when released, cooling adiabatically.
The ________ occurs when large cloud droplets (giants) collide and join together with smaller droplets to form raindrops.
collision-coalescence process
________ are solid particles that serve as cores for the formation of ice crystals.
Freezing nuclei
“Frost” buildup inside a household freezer is an example of ____.
Deposition
Updrafts in cumulonimbus clouds may loft small particles of ice through the cloud, coating them and producing ________.
Hail
Air that does not resist vertical displacement is called ________.
Unstable
What two kinds of fog are the result of adding moisture to a layer of air?
Steam and Frontal
