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Pain Management > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of hypoalgesia

A

Diminished pain in response to a normally painfull stimulus

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2
Q

Définition of hyperalgesia

A

I creased pain from a stimulus that normally provokes pain

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3
Q

Définition of allodynia

A

Pain due to a stimulus that does not normally provoke pain

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4
Q

Pain threshold definition

A

The minimum intensity of stimulus that is perceived as painful

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5
Q

Pain tolerance

A

The maximum intensity of a pain producing stimulus that a subject os willing to accept in a given situation

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6
Q

Pain behaviour

A

What a person does in resction to pain or to express pain
Ex: avoidance, withdrawal, crying, grimacing

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7
Q

Stress response systems

A

Hpa axis
Autonomic ns
Endocrine system
Cardiovascular system

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8
Q

Nociceptive pain

A

Pain that arises from actual or threatened damage to non-neural tissue and is due to the activation of nociceptors

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9
Q

Neuropathic pain

A

Pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somathosensory nervous system

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10
Q

Nociplastic pain

A

Pain that arises from altered nociception despite no clear evidence of actuà or threatened tissue damage causing the activation of peripheral nociceptors or evidence for disease or lesion of the somatosensory system causing the pain

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11
Q

Purpose of pain

A

Detect threat
Motivate protective behaviour

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12
Q

Why bot use pain carastrophizing with pt

A
  • dismiss the medical basis of pain
  • question authenticity of pain complaints
  • blame indv for their pain
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13
Q

Def of pain catastrophizing

A

Is an exaggerated threat apprasial of pain (understanding)

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14
Q

Advatages of patient reported outcome measures

A
  • standardized
  • psychometric properties (reliability, validity)
  • limit biais
  • documentation quality
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15
Q

Purpose of patient reported outcome measure, such as questionaire

A
  • screen
  • evaluate
  • prioritize
  • inform
  • to re-assess
  • to motivate
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16
Q

Pain experience

A

Unpleasant sensory and emotional experience, and is understood to be a function of the whole person

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17
Q

Pain expression

A

Broad collection of qualitative words and behaviours that communicate pain
- pain narrative (words)
- pain behaviour (non-verbal and praverbal behaviour)

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18
Q

Pain measures

A

Quantitative tools used to assess pain
- self reported measures (questionaires)
- non self report ( imaging)

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19
Q

Definition of pain

A

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage

20
Q

Imp to listen and validate why

A

Therapeutic alliance
Person feels heard they stop wasting energy on trying to prove to you that their pain is real, more engaged in disclosure of relevant info

21
Q

Principles of pain management

A

Patient autonomy
Therapeutic àalliance
Layers of clinical considerations for pain

22
Q

Therapeutic alliance

A

A trusting connection and rapport established between therapist and client through collaboration, communication, therapist empathy and mutual understanding and respect

23
Q

Mechanism based approach to pain management: nociceptive

A

Exercise
Massage
Tens

24
Q

Mechanism based approach to pain management: nociplastic

A

Education
Exercise
Massage
Manipulation
TENS

25
Q

Mechanism based approach to pain management: neuropathic

A

Exercise

26
Q

Mechanism based approach to pain management: psychosocial

A

Education
Exercise
Massage

27
Q

Mechanism based approach to pain management: motor

A

Education
Exercise
Manipulation

28
Q

Principles of trauma informed care

A

Safety
Trustworthiness and transparency
Peer support
Collaboration and mutuality
Enpowerment, voice, and choice
Cultural,historical and gender

29
Q

clarification of definition of pain

A
  • personal experience
  • pain does not equal nociception
  • affected by life exp
  • pt report respected
  • affects psychosocial aswell
  • many behaviours to pain (verbal to non-vebal)
30
Q

central sensitization what happens in body

A
  • increased responsiveness of nociceptive neurons in the CNS to their normal or sub threshold afferent input
  • increased size of receptive fields for nociceptive spinal dorsal horn neurons
  • reduced threshold of nociceptive spinal dorsal horn neurons to stimulation of their receptive fields
  • temporal summation of pain = prig increase of pain to the same stim administered repetitively or over long period
31
Q

peripheral sensitization what happens in body

A
  • increased respnsiveness of nociceptors to stimulation of their receptive fields
  • increased size of nociceptors receptive fields
  • reduced threshold of nociceptors to stimulation of their receptive fields
  • activation of silent nociceptors
32
Q

pain related fear definition

A

refers to fear of the pain itself or fear of doing physical mvt/activity that could worsen the pain, injury, or cause re-injury

33
Q

explain guided disclosure

A

gradually cross levels of intimacy

34
Q

explain OARS

A

Open ended questoins
A: affirming (validate feelings not not bad behaviour)
R: reflecting (empathy)
S: summarize (main problems and needs)

35
Q

explain motivational interviewing

A

R: resist (not telling them what to do)
U: understand (what motivates them)
L: Listen (empathy)
E: empower (support autonomy)

36
Q

explain forward pacing

A

increase pace of disclosure
skip necessary dialogue
reflect what the patient says and follow with an open ended question to direct convo to imp part

37
Q

why is it imp to educate pt

A
  • pain neuroscience education addressing unhelpful misconception or lack of knowledge about pain/injury/recovery
  • setting expectations
  • modifying maladaptive coping habits
  • modifying training
  • daily life/ lifestyle habits for recovery, prevention and overall health
38
Q

benefits of active tx

A
  • empower patient autonomy
  • internal locus of control
  • building self-efficacy
  • motivation for long-term adherence to improved lifestyle habits
  • better, faster recovery + prevention of recurrence
39
Q

how to apply pain neuroscience education

A
  • leverages the communication strategies (oars, rule, etc)
  • consider which bps factors are relevant to talk about
  • gauge the extent/depth to which the patient cares to talk about it (pt centered)
  • evidence-based, collaborative & empathetic
40
Q

two components of sleep physiology

A

homeostatic process
circadian rhythm

41
Q

explain homeostatic process

A

sleep pressure
build up through time awake
feel more sleepy and get better sleep rebound if high pressure
lowers with naps

42
Q

explain circadian rhythm

A

internal clock
dictates when to sleep and when to be awake
affected by light (natural and blue from screens)
dark increases melatonin

43
Q

components of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia CBT-I

A
  • sleep diary
  • sleep hygiene
  • restricted time in bed
  • stimulus control
  • relaxation
  • cognitive restructuration
44
Q

responding to an overwhelmed/distress pt

A
  • listen and validate
  • explore what is the source of the distress
  • evaluate how they are coping with the distress
  • when appropriate, get back to focusing on managing the pain/injury, or refer out for additional support
45
Q
A

Pain Management (1 decks)

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