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Idea of Canada > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Phsyicgraphic Region

A
  • A region with a particular pattern of land forms that differs from surrounding areas
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2
Q

Core-Periphery Model

A
  • Spatial organization of economic, political, and cultural power
  • Dominant core with less developed periphery
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3
Q

Canada’s Core

A
  • Quebec City-Windsor Corridor
  • Most densely populaized and industrialized region of Canada
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4
Q

Canada’s Periphery

A
  • The rest of Canada
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5
Q

Environmental Determinism

A
  • Human behaviour is determined by aspects of the physical environment
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6
Q

Environmental Determinism and Colonialism

A
  • Environemnt determines people’s behaviours
  • Validates their domination
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7
Q

Environmental Determinsim Discredited

A
  • Environmental factors cannot explain economic disparities
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8
Q

Nation

A
  • Group of people bound together by shared history etc.
  • Is imagined
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9
Q

Peace and Friendship Treaties

A
  • Legally binding agreements that govern all on treaty land
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10
Q

Pre-Contact Values

A
  • Respect
  • Non-interference
  • Diversity
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11
Q

Indigenization

A
  • Weaving of First Nations, Métis, and Inuit knowledge into teaching, learning, and research
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12
Q

Decolonization

A
  • Undoing of colonialism by dismantling institutions, ideologies, and economic and political systems
  • Repatriating Indigenous lands
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13
Q

Band

A
  • Face-to-face group of people who worked together to guarantee subsistence
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14
Q

Tribe

A
  • Collection of bands in a given are
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15
Q

People

A
  • Groups part of a larger cultural grouping
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16
Q

Potlatch Ceremony

A
  • Individuals redistributed property as a gift for guests
  • Served as wealth redistribution
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17
Q

Oral Tradition

A
  • Cultural and religious knowledge through oral discourse
  • Stories, songs, etc.
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18
Q

Oral Stories

A
  • Story is tolf through voice and gestures
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19
Q

Creation Stories

A
  • Cultural and spiritual narratives
  • Recounts how world was formed
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20
Q

Biran Maracle First Words

A
  • Asserts importance of language reclamation
  • Does language reclamation by instructing readers
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21
Q

Three Sisters

A
  • Corn, beans, and squash
  • Benefit from growing together
  • Example of good co-operation
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22
Q

Jesuit Relations Reading

A
  • Jesuits were missionaries, etc,
  • Relations began as reports sent to Quebec
  • Letters were compiled and published in France
  • Mid-late 17th century
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23
Q

Doctrine of Discovery

A
  • Any colonial power whose subjects occupied a foreign terriory could claim it
  • Only if not already owned by another Christian European power
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24
Q

Terra Nullius

A
  • ‘Nobody’s land’
  • Territory uninhabited by people recognized under European international law
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25
Q

Exploration Narrative

A
  • Written accounts of Europeans who explored North America
  • Several stages of composition before being published
  • Docu, lit, commercial
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26
Q

Documentary and Scientific Exploration Literature

A
  • Detailed documents and records of finding
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27
Q

Literary Exploration Narrative

A
  • Tradition of popular adventure and travel tales
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28
Q

Commercial/Imperial Exploration Narrative

A
  • Economic and territorial expansion of England and France
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29
Q

Civ/Sav Distinction

A
  • Dualism between civilization and savagery
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30
Q

Voyages of Jacques Cartier Reading

A
  • Three volumes = three voyages
  • First written records of European-Indigenous contact
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31
Q

Cod Rush

A
  • Europe came to North America en masse to fish for Cod in the 16th-17th century
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32
Q

Mercantilism

A
  • Economic theory and practice that promoted gov regulation of a nation’s economy
  • Purpose of augmenting state power at expense of rival nations
  • Colonies benefit colonizers
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33
Q

Staples Thesis

A
  • Innis, export of natural resources from Canada has impacted the economy, social, and political systems
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34
Q

Canada’s Social and Political Institutions (Innis)

A
  • Centralization in New France
  • Limited industrialization in colonies
  • British dominance in North America
  • North America into Canada and US
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35
Q

Metanarrative

A
  • All-encompassing account that unites smaller historical narratives
  • Currently being deconstructed
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36
Q

Royal Proclamation 1763

A
  • Assimilationsit policy with respect to Quebec
  • Contradiction: asserts British sovereignty over Indigenous lands, points to sov of Indig over unceded lands
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37
Q

Imperialism

A
  • Practice, theory, and attitudes of a dominating metropol ruling a distant territory
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38
Q

Colonialism

A
  • Implanting of settlements on a distant territory
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39
Q

Conlonialism vs. Settler Colonialism

A
  • Colonialism, subordinates colonized to sustain itself
  • Setller colonialsim, eradicated colonized to normalize settlers
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40
Q

Emirgration Manual

A
  • Informed migrants about conditions in North America
  • Cary and Moodie
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41
Q

Divided Psychology of Settler Colony

A
  • Moodie, celebrates egalitarianism and bemoans the Irish
  • Has debt to Indigenous but subscribes to ‘noble savage’
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42
Q

Fugutive Slave Act 1850

A
  • North ‘free’ states and South slave states
  • Slave owners can pursue fugitives to North
  • Mass exodus to Canada
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43
Q

Mary Ann Shadd Cary

A
  • Emigrated to Ontario in 1850
  • First woman to edit a newspaper in Canada West
  • Presents Canada as a utopia
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44
Q

Salvery in Maritimes

A
  • Racism was entrenched with growth of slave population
  • Legality was uncertain and unstable
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45
Q

2008-2009 Parliamentary Dispute

A
  • Conservatives were elected
  • Liberals and NDP coalitioned
  • Canadian public said coalition was ‘undemocratic’
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46
Q

Command the Confidence of the House

A
  • Have support of majority members of parliament
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47
Q

Responsible Government

A
  • Executive or cabinet that depends on support of elected assembly rather than a monarch
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48
Q

Constitutions

A
  • Can be written or unwritten or both
  • All federal countries have written ones
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49
Q

Conventions

A
  • Components of constitutions that are politically enforceable
  • E.g. role of the Prime Minister
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50
Q

Organic Statutes

A
  • Passed by Parliament with quasi-Constitutional statues
  • E.g. Supreme Court Act
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51
Q

Unitary State

A
  • State governed as a single entity by a central government
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52
Q

Federalism

A
  • Political system where powers are split between levels of government
  • Division of powers between national and regional govs
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53
Q

Quebec Act of 1774

A
  • Extended Quebec border
  • Protected Catholicism
  • Restored French property rights
  • Reinstated French Civil Code
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54
Q

Constitutional Act of 1791

A
  • Divded Quebec into Upper and Lower Canada
  • Colonies were given own assemblies not responsible govs
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55
Q

Chateau Clique and Family Compact

A
  • Governed assemblies and led to Rebellions
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56
Q

Durham Report

A
  • Recommended the colonies unite
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57
Q

Province of Canada

A
  • 1841, French saw an attempt to assimilate, it was
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58
Q

Charlottetown Conference

A
  • 1864, discusiing uniting of NB, NS, PEI
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59
Q

Quebec Resolutions

A
  • 72 policy directives that form basis of Canada’s Constitution
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60
Q

British North America Act

A
  • July 1, 1867
  • Canada became four provines, NS, NB, QC, and ON
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61
Q

Political Confederation

A
  • Political deadlock in Province of Canada
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62
Q

Security Confederation

A
  • Vulnerability to US after Civil War
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63
Q

Economic Confederation

A
  • Unite economies for growth and free trade
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64
Q

Expansion Confederation

A
  • Central gov would help with westward expansion
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65
Q

Balfour Declaration

A
  • 1926, made Dominions autonomous
  • Ended British selection of Governors General
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66
Q

Statute of Westminster

A
  • 1931, ended UK ability to legislate for Dominions
  • Established independence for foreign policy
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67
Q

Constitution Act, 1982

A
  • Repatriated the Constitution
  • Canada became fully independent
68
Q

Popular Sovereignty

A
  • Authority based on consent of the people
69
Q

Imperial Sovereignty

A
  • Authority derived from the imperial parliament
70
Q

North-West Resistance

A
  • Five-month insurgency in 1885
  • West fought Canadian government
  • Led to permanent enforcement of law in Canadian West
  • Louis Riel was hanged
71
Q

Red River Settlement

A
  • Métis settlement in Manitoba
  • Red River Resistance was led by Louis Riel
72
Q

1869 Transfer of Rupert’s Land

A
  • Went to Dominions, no residents were consulted
73
Q

Rebellion

A
  • Resistance to authority
  • Usually organized armed resistance to an established government
74
Q

Resistance

A
  • Resisting authority in an occupied territory
75
Q

Riel’s Address to the Jury

A
  • July 31-August 1, 1885
  • Sanity was in question but Rield tried to say he was sane
  • Appealed to the Canadian constitution
76
Q

First Nations

A
  • ‘Indian Peoples’ under Constitution Act
77
Q

Inuit

A
  • Mainly in Arctic
78
Q

Métis

A
  • Definition and scope is controversial and contested
79
Q

‘Indian Status’

A
  • Legal standing of a person registered under Indian Act
80
Q

‘Status Indian’

A
  • Someone who is registered under Indian Act
81
Q

‘Non-Status Indian’

A
  • First Nations person not registered under Indian Act
82
Q

Act for the better protection of the Lands and Property of the Indians in Lower Canda 1850

A
  • Defined ‘Indian’ based on ‘blood’ and ‘Tribe’ membership
83
Q

Gradual Civilization Act 1875

A
  • Bribed Indigenous peoples to renounce ‘Indian Status’ for right to vote and allotment of land
84
Q

‘Indian Affairs’

A
  • Branch of Department of Interior in 1880
85
Q

Indian Act

A
  • 1867, consolidated Indigenous legislation
  • Indian Agents were put in charge
86
Q

Band Councils

A
  • One chief and one councilor per 100 band members
  • Indian Act replaced traditional governance with this
  • Women excluded until 1951
87
Q

Hereditary Chiefs

A
  • Not recognized by Indian Act
88
Q

Indian Act 1867, Section 3

A
  • Defines who is subject and who is recognized
  • ‘Indian’ is of ‘Indian blood’ and belongs to a band, is a child of them, or woman who is married to
89
Q

Section 3 Revoked If…

A
  • Revoked if out of wedlock to unregisterd father
  • Revoked if out of country for 5 years
  • Revoked if marrying unregistered man
  • Revoked for enfranchisement
90
Q

Bill C-31

A
  • 1985, removed gender discrimination from Indian Act
  • Created Second Generation Cut-off Rule
91
Q

Second Generation Cut-off Rule

A
  • Both parents are entitled to registration
  • One parent entitled to registration under above
  • Status cannot be transfered in one parent under 6(2) and other unregistered
92
Q

Revised Indian Act 1951

A
  • Lifted bands, allowed land claims, allowed women to vote
  • Led to ‘Sixties Scoop’
93
Q

White Paper

A
  • 1969, proposed to abolish act, eliminate Indian Stauts and Department
  • Withdrawn
94
Q

Indian Residential Schools

A
  • Forcibly assimilated 150,000 Indigenous children
  • Highly abusive
95
Q

Indian Residential School Settlement Agreement

A
  • 2007, largest class action settlement in Canadian history
  • Truth and Reconcilliation Comission
96
Q

Truth and Reconciliation Commission

A
  • 2008, issue a report with research about residential schools
  • 94 calls to action in final report
97
Q

Reconciliation

A
  • No agreed framwork or definition
  • Maintains supremacy of nation-state sovereignty
98
Q

Regionalism

A
  • Practices based on the identification of socioeconomic, cultural, and political regions
99
Q

Regional Identity

A
  • Form of collective identity constructed around cultural distinctiveness of a region
100
Q

Shared Values

A
  • Equality, non-discrimination, rule of law, etc.
101
Q

Prarie Provinces and ‘the West’

A
  • Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta
  • BC is lumped into the West
  • West is weird cause it’s in the middle of Canada mostly
102
Q

Western Alienation

A
  • West Canada regional discontent with federal government
103
Q

Quebec Nationalism

A
  • Quebec is a nation based on shared language, culture, religion, and history
  • Ultramontane nationalism
104
Q

Ultramontante Nationalism

A
  • Authoritarion and conservative Quebec social doctrine
  • Rejected modernization and industrialization
  • United church and state
105
Q

Quiet Revolution

A
  • Quebecois rejected role of Catholic Church
  • Social, cultural, and political upheaval
106
Q

The Front de Libération du Québec (FLQ)

A
  • Sought French sov within Quebec
  • 200 bombings and dozens of robberies in the 60s and 70s
107
Q

October Crisis

A
  • FLQ kidnapped James Cross and Pierre Laporte
  • War Measures Act
  • Cross released, Laporte murdered
108
Q

War Measures Act

A
  • People detained without cause, brutalized by police/military, and businesses ransacked
109
Q

Mega-Constitutional Politics

A
  • Trying to change a constitution but efforst exhaust political energies
  • Quebec left out of Consitution and Charter, increased resentment and nationalism
110
Q

Gender Binary

A
  • Classification of gender into masculine and feminine
111
Q

Biological Essentialism

A
  • Differences between men and women are natural consequences of biology
112
Q

Gender Inequality

A
  • Differences in statues that women and men have
113
Q

Intersectionality

A
  • Multi-group memberships affect life differently from single group membership
114
Q

Gender Pay Gap

A
  • Differneces in average earnings based on gender, 17.1% in Canada
115
Q

Charter and Gender

A
  • S 15 and 28 guarantee equal rights and prohibits sex based discrimination
116
Q

Occupational Segregation

A
  • Concentration of men and women in different occupations
117
Q

Gender Typing

A
  • Designation of occupations as male and female
118
Q

Glass Ceiling

A
  • Promotion barrier that prevents a woman’s upward mobility in an organization
119
Q

Intimate Partner Violence

A
  • Violence committed against a person by their romantic partner
120
Q

Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls

A
  • Indigenous women are at a higher risk for all violence
  • National Inquiry Report declared this a ‘Canadian genocide’
  • Lack of transparency
121
Q

Social Movement

A
  • Collective effort using non-institutionalized methods for social change
122
Q

Contentious Politics

A
  • Claim-makers and targets interacting
123
Q

Women’s Suffrage

A
  • Right of women to vote in elections
124
Q

Persons Case

A
  • Rulign established right of women to be appointed to senate
  • Famous Five
  • Made them ‘persons’
125
Q

Maternal Feminism

A
  • Feminism based on concept of motherhood
  • Public role of women as mothers
126
Q

Eugenics

A
  • Beliefs and practicces supporting the notion that human population can be improved through reproductive control
127
Q

Liberlaism

A
  • Moral and political philosphy that takes the individual as the unit of supreme value in society
128
Q

Liberal Feminsim

A
  • Gender inequality is product of social and cultural attitudes
  • Changes made in society, not to fundamental structures
129
Q

Radical Feminism

A
  • Men subordinate women
  • Structure of society must be changed to abolish patriarchy
130
Q

Socialist Feminism

A
  • Patriarchy and capitalism
  • Economic justice for all by changing structures of society
131
Q

Multicultural

A
  • Multiple cultural communities coexist
132
Q

Multiculturalism

A
  • Strategies and policies to govern diveristy in multicultural society
133
Q

Charter Groups

A
  • English Protestants
  • French Catholics
134
Q

Immigration Act 1906

A
  • Deals with immigrants as individuals
  • Outlined who would be prohibited entry
  • Inspection Officers had discretion
135
Q

1910 Immigration Act

A
  • ‘Climactic unsuitability’ as basis for barring admission
136
Q

Pluralism

A
  • Coexistence of culturally distinct groups in a given society
137
Q

Vertical Mosaic

A
  • Study of Canadian class and power structures by John Porter
  • Stratification theory
  • Canada is not an open, democratic, and egalitarian society
138
Q

Stratification Theory

A
  • Categorization of people in society into groups based on socioeconomic factors
139
Q

Immigration Act of 1967

A
  • Changed system to be points based
140
Q

Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism

A
  • 1963, dealing with French nationalism
  • Biculturalism to multiculturalism
141
Q

Pinkwashing

A
  • Gov, activist, or corp highlight progressive nature of a country to conceal other oppressive policies
  • Kenney’s email
142
Q

Homonationalism

A
  • Growing embrace of LGBT rights
143
Q

Exceptionalism

A
  • Belief that a nation-state is ‘exceptional’ compared to others
144
Q

Gross Indecency Law

A
  • 1892
  • Homosexuality was a sin
  • Criminalized same-sex attraction
145
Q

Criminal Law Amendment Act

A
  • 1968-69
  • Decriminalized homosexuality
  • Done after Everret Klippert was imprisoned
146
Q

Framing

A
  • How reality is interpreted and communicated
147
Q

Collective Action Frames

A
  • Interpreting ssues and events to inspire and legitimate collective action
148
Q

Master Frames

A
  • Generic frames availbale for use by many social movements
  • E.g. Equal rights and opportunities
149
Q

Traditional Family Values

A
  • Frame deployed to oppose LGBT movement
150
Q

Parental Rights Frame

A
  • Bans sex education and LGBT education
  • Prevent schools from using pronouns
  • Education Amendment Act 2024
151
Q

Heteronormativity

A
  • Belief that heterosexuality is natural and normal expression of human sexuality
152
Q

Homonormativity

A
  • Adoption of heteronormative ideals into LGBTQ culture and identity
153
Q

Gender Socialization

A
  • Learning of gender roles through school, peers, the media, family etc.
154
Q

One Day in the Life of Noah Piugattuk

A
  • 2019, fourth film by Zacharias Kunuk
  • Noah in 1961 and his interaction with a Candian gov agent
155
Q

Arctic Coastline in Canada

A
  • 162,000 kms of Arctic coastline
156
Q

National Mythos

A
  • Arctic is central as a harsh expanse needing to be explored
157
Q

Globalization

A
  • Integration of people and countries around the world
  • WW2 ending led to a new era of globalization
158
Q

High Arctic Relocations

A
  • 92 Inuit North to the Ellesmere and Baffin Islands
  • Assert Canadian sovereignty
159
Q

Nunavut Land Claims Agreement

A
  • 1993, created Nunavut by 1999
  • Ceded aboriginal title to lands and waters
160
Q

Movement

A
  • Progressive collective action
161
Q

Countermovement

A
  • Conservative collective action
  • Yellow Vests Movement
162
Q

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

A
  • Canada emits 2%, high per capita
  • 40% by 2030
163
Q

Carbon Tax

A
  • Tax levied on carbon emissions
164
Q

Carbon Pricing

A
  • Instrument that captures external costs of GHG emissions
  • Effective and necessary to lower carbon emissions
165
Q

Environmental Racism

A
  • Greater exposure of racialized communities to pollution and environmental hazards
166
Q

Climate Justice

A
  • Movements that recognize impacts to racialized communities and address them
167
Q

Oka Crisis

A
  • 73 day stand-off between Mohawks and Canadian military
  • Mohawk won but did not get their land back

Idea of Canada (4 decks)

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