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Music Appreciation > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Polyphony

A

Two or more melodic voices or instruments combined and weaving together

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2
Q

Motet

A

highly varied sacred choral musical composition; one of the pre-eminent polyphonic forms of Renaissance music

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3
Q

Chanson

A

is, in general, any lyric-driven French song, usually polyphonic and secular

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4
Q

Arias

A

homophonic compositions featuring a solo singer over orchestral accompaniment; they are very melodic, primarily utilized in operas, cantatas and oratorios

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5
Q

Word Painting

A

the depiction of specific images from the text by vocal music. If the text refers to quickly running up a hill, the melody will ascend quickly to portray running up a hill musically

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6
Q

Movement

A

A subsection or independent section/piece of a larger work

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7
Q

Libretto

A

the text or actual words of an opera, musical, cantata, or oratorio written or compiled by a librettist

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8
Q

Basso Continuo

A

the continuous realization of harmony throughout a musical piece, usually by harpsichord and/or cello, provides a framework /template for harmonic accompaniments

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9
Q

reformation

A

the succession and division from the practices of the Roman Catholic Church initiated by Martin Luther; it led to the development of protestant churches

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10
Q

Dance Music

A

music composed specifically to facilitate or accompany dancing

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11
Q

homophony

A

Music where the melody is supported by a chordal accompaniment that moves in the same rhythm. It’s generally the opposite of polyphony, where the voice is imitative and weave with each other

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12
Q

Opera

A

Staged musical drama for voices and orchestra; they are fully blocked and performed in costume with sets. They utilize arias and recitatives without any narration

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13
Q

through-composed

A

songs or musical selections where new music is composed for each stanza or section with no repetition

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14
Q

solo

A

musical piece that features one musician, either with or without accompaniment

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15
Q

Madrigal

A

musical piece for several solo voices set to a short poem; they originated in Italy around 1520. Most were about love.

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16
Q

Subject

A

the main melody or tune of fugue

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17
Q

Program Music

A

Instrumental music was written to portray a non-musical idea, a descriptive piece

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18
Q

Oratorio

A

major work with religious or contemplative characters for solo voices, chorus, and orchestra; they do not utilize blocking costumes or scenery

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19
Q

Melisma

A

more than one note sung during one syllable of the text; this style was used extensively in Gregorian chant

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20
Q

Terraced Dynamics

A

was used during the Baroque period; this is where the different sections have a piece of music that has a set volume unique for that particular section. The next section may be written to be performed in another volume

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21
Q

Fugue

A

Perfected by J.S. Bach during the Baroque period, they are a form written in an imitative contrapuntal style in multiple parts. They are based upon their original tune, which is called the subject. The subject is imitated and overlapped by the other parts called the answer, countersubject, stretto, and episode

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22
Q

harmony

A

any simultaneous combination of tones and the rules governing those combinations. The way a melody is accompanied

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23
Q

Vocal

A

Having to do with the human voice

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24
Q

Chromatic

A

musical pitches which move up and down

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25
Q

a cappella

A

vocal music without instrumental accompaniment

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26
Q

Synthesizers

A

electronic instruments that create sounds using basic waveforms in different combinations

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27
Q

Interval

A

The distance in pitch between any two notes

28
Q

Rhythm

A

The way the music is organized with respect to time

29
Q

Woodwinds

A

Instruments traditionally made of wood whose sound is generated by forcing air through a tube, thus creating a vibrating air column

30
Q

Melisma

A

multiple pitches sung to one syllable of text

31
Q

Verse and refrain form

A

A musical form in which one section of music is sung to all the verses and a different section of music is sung to the repeating refrain or chorus

32
Q

Time signature

A

The numeric notation at the beginning of a line of music where the top number indicates how many beats are in each measure and the bottom number indicates which type of note will represent that beat

33
Q

homophonic

A

musical texture comprised of one melodic line accompanied by chords

34
Q

disjunct

A

a melody with wide leaps and rapid changes

35
Q

chant

A

text set to a melody written in monophonic texture with un-noted rhythms typically sung in worship

36
Q

key

A

The set pitches on which a composition is based

37
Q

melody

A

a succession of single tones in musical compositions

38
Q

percussion

A

Instruments that are typically hit or struck by the hand, with sticks or with hammers, or that are shaken or rubbed by hand

39
Q

music

A

sound and silence organized in time

40
Q

Texture

A

The ways in which musical lines of a musical piece interact

41
Q

Motive

A

the smallest musical unit of a melody, generally a single rhythm of two or three pitches

42
Q

Accidentals

A

Notes that are not normally found in a given key

43
Q

Polyphony

A

Musical texture that simultaneously features two or more relatively independent and important melodic lines

44
Q

Chromaticism

A

the use of “colorful” dissonant pitches that are included in the key of the composition

45
Q

Da Capo

A

The instruction commonly found at the end of the B section or Trio of a minuet and trio is to return to the “head” or first section, generally resulting in an A-B-A form

46
Q

Leitmotiv

A

is a “guiding motive” associated with a specific character, theme, or locale in a musical drama and first associated with the music or Richard Wagner

47
Q

Plagal cadence

A

ending of a composition that consists of an IV chord moving to an I chord and is most often associated with church music

48
Q

Opera

A

is a drama almost entirely sung to orchestral accompaniment, with accompanying costumes and staging

49
Q

Theme and Variation Form

A

The presentation of a theme and then variations upon it. The theme may be illustrated as A, with any number of variations following it- A’,A’‘,A’’‘,A’’’’,

50
Q

Symphony

A

a multi-movement composition for orchestra, often expressed in art, literature, and music

51
Q

Nationalism

A

is Pride in one’s nation or cultural identity, often expressed in art, literature, and music

52
Q

Opera Buffa

A

Comic style of opera made famous by Mozart

53
Q

Pizzicato

A

The plucking of a bowed string instrument, such as the violin, produces a percussive effect

54
Q

Hemiola

A

The momentary shifting from a duple to a triple feel or vice versa

55
Q

Art song

A

A composition setting a poem to music generally for one solo voice and piano accompaniment; in German, a lied

56
Q

Drone

A

a sustained pitch or pitches often found in music of the Middle Ages and in folk music

57
Q

String Quartet

A

A performing ensemble consisting of two violinists, one violist, and one cellist that plays compositions called this, compositions generally in four movements

58
Q

Cadenza

A

Section of a concerto in which the soloist plays alone without the orchestra in an improvisatory style

59
Q

Rubato

A

The momentary speeding up or slowing down of the tempo within a melody line literally “robbing” time from one note to give to another

60
Q

Song Cycle

A

A collection of art songs unified by poet, narrative, musical style, or composer

61
Q

Rondo Form

A

Instrumental form consisting of the alternation of refrain “A” with contrasting sections (B, C, D) these are often the final movement of string quartets, classical symphonies, concerti, and sonata

62
Q

Strophic

A

A composition that uses the repetition of the same music for successive texts

63
Q

Program Music

A

Instrumental music is intended to represent something extra-musical, such as a poem, narrative, drama, picture, idea, or sound therein

64
Q

Chamber music

A

music such as art songs, piano character pieces, and string quartets- primarily performed in small performing spaces, often for personal entertainment

65
Q

Opera Seria

A

The serious style of eighteenth-century opera made famous by Handel generally features mythology or high-born characters and plots

66
Q
A

Music Appreciation (1 decks)

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