Final Exam

Question 1

rhetorical situation

Answer 1

An time you feel compelled or have to use rhetoric.

Question 2

rhetoric

Answer 2

use of language to affect , convince, or change their mind, or persuade them to do something.

Question 3

rhetorical triangle

Answer 3

speaker - writer
message
audience

find a even mix of these three

Question 4

rhetorical listening and thinking (editorial)

Answer 4

Don’t rush to choose a point of view and take a unbiased look at all sides before you choose.

Think about your own position and why you believe that and why others believe what they believe.

Research is not required for the first essay. But it doesn’t mean you can’t do some research.

Question 4

stance (editorial)

Answer 4

A response to others
Useful background info
A clear indication of why the topic matters
Good reasons and evidence

Question 5

purpose of an editorial

Answer 5

why are you arguing this position
what has motivated you to write about this topic

Question 6

suitability and correctness (editorial)

Answer 6

writing style is one in which the words you choose and the ways you arrange them suit your purpose your topic your medium and your audience.

Question 7

dialect (editorial)

Answer 7

what is most often expected for writing done in most school, government, and professional contexts.

Question 8

levels of formality (editorial)

Answer 8

low or plain style: used to teach or explain something
middle style: used to please an audience
high or grand style: used to move or persuade and audience

Question 9

tone (editorial)

Answer 9

how your writing is perceived - serious, humorous, exasperated

Question 10

active or passive voice (editorial)

Answer 10

depends on if the writing is using passive verbs or active verbs (attacking or not attacking)

Question 11

reasons and evidence (editorial)

Answer 11

support our claims such evidence may include facts and stats data from surveys and questionaries, direct observations, interviews, testimony, experiments, personal experience, visuals, and more.

Question 12

counterarguments (editorial)

Answer 12

acknowledge positions other than your own, and respond to what they say

Question 13

ad-hominem

Answer 13

arguments that make personal attacks on those who support an opposing position rather than addressing the position itself

Question 14

bandwagon appeals

Answer 14

simply urge the audience to go along with the crowd

Question 15

begging the question

Answer 15

tries to support an argument by simply restating it in other language

Question 16

either or arguments

Answer 16

also called false dilemmas, argue that only two alternatives are possible in a situation that actually is more complex

Question 17

faulty analogies

Answer 17

are comparisons that do not hold up in some way crucial to the argument at hand

Question 18

faulty causality

Answer 18

the mistaken assumption that because one event followed another the first event caused the second, also called post hoc

Question 19

hasty generalizations

Answer 19

draw sweeping conclusions on the basis of too little evidence

Question 20

paralipsis

Answer 20

statements provide information after claiming such information wont be included

Question 21

setting up a straw man

Answer 21

misrepresents an opposing argument characterizing it as more extreme or otherwise different than it actually is in order to attack it more easily

Question 22

slippery slope arguments

Answer 22

contend that if a certain event occurs, it will at least might set in motion a chain of events that will end in disaster

Question 23

authority (editorial)

Answer 23

show that you know what you are talking about by citing trustworthy sources, to demonstrate that your fair by representing other positions even handedly and accurately and to work toward establishing some common ground with your audience.

Question 24

claim as a thesis (editorial)

Answer 24

announcing your topic and the main points you are going to make about that topic

Question 25

audience (editorial)

Answer 25

who are you trying to reach and what do you hope to persuade them to think or do

Question 26

linear vs. non-linear chronology (memoir)

Answer 26

linear = start at beginning of time and tell it until the final result
non-linear = start at end result and tell backwards

Question 27

purpose (memoir)

Answer 27

why are you writing this why is it of significance and what do you want it to demonstrate to your readers

Question 28

stance (memoir)

Answer 28

are you telling a tory that is personal to you or is it of some distance from you

Question 29

narrative arc (memoir)

Answer 29

set up
rising action
climax
falling action
conclusion

Question 30

objective of a proposal

Answer 30

encourage specific action from a specific entity

Question 31

purpose (proposal)

Answer 31

to persuade someone into action

Question 32

parts of the proposal

Answer 32

problem
solution or plan
benefits
audience awareness

Question 33

attribution bias

Answer 33

occurs when the causes and effects of certain behaviors or events are misattributed

Question 34

confirmation bias

Answer 34

the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms or supports one’s prior beliefs or values

Question 35

reading defensively

Answer 35

rigorously assessing a text for biases, manipulations, or misinformation, instead of passively absorbing the information

Question 36

triangulating

Answer 36

a term used to describe when a person uses threats of exclusion or manipulation

Question 37

reading laterally

Answer 37

Opening new tabs in a browser to research website authors or organizations. Looking for bias or messaging associated with organizations. Looking for hyperlinks or citations to other sources and organizations and researching the hyperlinked organizations/sources for bias

Question 38

primary and secondary sources

Answer 38

primary sources are firsthand accounts of an event or topic

secondary sources analyze or interpret primary sources

Question 39

using databases

Answer 39

tools used to store, organize, and manage information

Question 40

evaluating source material

Answer 40

purpose and intended audience, authority and credibility, accuracy and reliability, currency and timeliness, and objectivity or bias

Question 41

quoting

Answer 41

repeat or copy out (a group of words from a text or speech), typically with an indication that one is not the original author or speaker

Question 42

paraphrasing

Answer 42

expressing someone else’s ideas or thoughts in your own words while maintaining the original meaning

Question 43

summarizing

Answer 43

the process of condensing a writer’s ideas into a shorter, more concise version using your own words

Question 44

signal phrase

Answer 44

a short phrase that introduces a quote, paraphrase, or summary, and indicates to the reader that the ideas or words used are not the writer’s own

Question 45

citations

Answer 45

Citation content can vary depending on the type of source and may include: Book: authors, book title, place of publication, publisher, date of publication, and page numbers if appropriate. Journal: authors, article title, journal title, date of publication, and page numbers

Question 46

plagiarism

Answer 46

the act of representing someone else’s ideas, language, or expressions as your own original work

Question 47

patchwriting

Answer 47

a type of plagiarism that occurs when a writer borrows phrases, sentences, or clauses from another source without giving credit or using quotation marks

Question 48

in-text documentation

Answer 48

a brief note within an essay that identifies the original source of an idea

Question 49

works cited/references

Answer 49

a list of all the sources cited within the body and notes of your paper