FINAL EXAM

Question 1

What is incomplete penetance?

Answer 1

if you have the gene, you wont always exhibit the gene

Question 2

what is complete penetrance?

Answer 2

if you have the gene, you will ALWAYS express the trait

Question 3

What is variable expressivity?

Answer 3

the same gene can be expressed differently which yeilds differnt levels of the trait (mild to severe)

Question 4

what does incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity togther mean?

Answer 4

it meands that the known trait can produce a range of phenotypes due to varying levels of gene expression

Question 5

What is extranulcear inheritance?

Answer 5

there are some trait you only inherit from your mom, it gives you non mendealian inheritence

Question 6

What is incomplete dominance?

Answer 6

both parents do not have a dominant trait, for example if one parent was a white flower and the other parent was a red flower, the child could be a shade of pink. it gives us a 1:2:1 ratio

Question 7

What is duplicative dominant epistasis?

Answer 7

if you have two different genes (A and B) that affect the same trait, only the dominant gene will express the trait. only one dominant copy i needed to show the trait. gives us a 15:1 rato

Question 8

What is duplicative recessive epistasis?

Answer 8

iftwo different genes that effect the same trait, if one of the gene has two recessive copies then the trait wont show up, even if the other gene is dominant. this gives us a ratio of 9:7

Question 9

what is dominant epistasis?

Answer 9

If one gene is dominant it wil mask the effect of the other gene. leads to a ratio of 12:3:1

Question 10

what is recessive epistasis?

Answer 10

one gene will mask the other but only if the original gene is recessive. gives us a ratio of 9:3:4

Question 11

what is a gene gene interaction?

Answer 11

differnt genes working together to influence a trait. they can work together or cancel eachother out

Question 12

what is epistasis

Answer 12

this is the interaction between allels of two or more genes that control a single phenotype. this include masking or modifying phenotypic expression of another gene.

Question 13

What ratio does a monohybrid cross give you?

Answer 13

3:1

Question 14

what ratio does a dihybrid cross give you?

Answer 14

9:3:3:1

Question 15

what is autosomal recessive inheritance

Answer 15

you need two copies of the gene to be affected, both parents must be carriers

Question 16

what is x-linked recessive inheritance

Answer 16

males need 1 copy of the trait to be affected females need 2 copies to be affected