Final Exam

Question 1

Bence Jones Proteins

Answer 1

Small protein made by plasma cells, found in urine (seen in patients with multiple myeloma)

Question 2

HLA

Answer 2

Human Leukocyte Antigens
genes in the major histocompatobility complex (MHC) that help code for proteins that differentiate between self and non-self

Question 3

Specificity

Answer 3

• A tests ability to correctly identify people who do not have a disease or disorder
• high specificity = few false positive tests
• used as a confirmation test

Question 4

Sensitivity

Answer 4

• the percentage of people with the disease who are correctly identified by the test
• high sensitivity = few false negatives (may have false positives)
• used for screening tests

Question 5

M Spike

Answer 5

• Monoclonal immunoglobulin spike, a lab test that measures the amount of m protein in your blood
• m protein is abnormal and indicates abnormal/cancerous plasma cells

Question 6

Epitope

Answer 6

A molecular region on the surface of a protein or other molecule that can trigger an immune response by binding to an antibody, recognized by the t-cell receptors and b-cells of the immune system, and are made up of amino acids

Question 6

Polyclonal antibodies

Answer 6

A collection of antibodies that come from different B cell lineages and recognize multiple parts of an antigen

Question 7

Monoclonal Antibodies

Answer 7

Laboratory-made proteins that mimic the immune system’s ability to fight disease, are designed to bind to specific antigens on the surface of cells, such as cancer cells or pathogens, and can be used to treat various diseases.

Question 8

The use of monoclonal antibodies in clinical laboratory testing

Answer 8

Used for diagnosis, disease treatment, and research. Also used as probes to identify materials in laboratories or for use in home-testing kits (ex: pregnancy tests)

Question 9

Cross-reactivity

Answer 9

When an antibody reacts with two similar molecules or when an agent initiates reactions outside of its main expected reaction.

Question 10

Alloantigen

Answer 10

A genetically determined antigen that is present in some members of a species but not others

Question 11

Autoantigen

Question 12

Heterophile Antigen

Question 13

Prozone

Question 14

Postzone

Question 15

Zone of Equivalence

Question 16

Precipitation

Question 17

Agglutination

Question 18

Agglutination Inhibition Reactions

Question 19

Hemagglutination Inhibition Reactions

Question 20

Nephelometry Reactions

Question 21

Turbidity Reactions

Question 22

Competitive Immunoassays

Question 23

Non-competitive Immunoassays

Question 24

Direct Immunofluorescence Assays

Question 25

Indirect Immunofluorescence Assays

Question 26

Labeled Immunoassays (RIA/EIA/ELISA/Sandwich ELISA)

Question 27

Graft vs. Host Disease

Question 28

Acute Phase Reactants

Question 29

Erythropoietin

Question 30

Anaphylaxis

Question 31

Direct Anti-globulin Test (DAT)

Question 32

Type 1 Diabetes (and associated clinical lab results)

Question 33

SLE (and associated clinical lab tests and results)

Question 34

Rheumatoid Arthritis (and associated clinical lab results)

Question 35

DiGeorge Anomaly

Question 36

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

Question 37

Helicobacter pylori

Question 38

Streptococcus pyogenes (and associated lab tests and sequela)

Question 39

Epstein-Barr Virus (and associated lab testing for acute, convalescent, or past exposure)

Question 40

Toxoplasmosis infection and related serological testing