Final Exam Flashcards
Psycho-education
To impart knowledge
Discussion about the importance of a topic and tips on how to use it
Interpersoal Process
To learn interpersonal skills/ enhance personal growth
how to asserticvely communicate and refeclt
Team Building
To develop trust/ build teamwork skills
Learn and practice assertive communication
Group Coaching
collaborative learning and goal achievemnt within a supportive group environment
Coached on how to improve time management to gain better work life balance (goal setting, accountability strategies, planning and pratice )
Criteria for a group
2 of more people
formal social structure
interaction
common fate
common goals
interdependence
shared identity
Primary Groups
family and close friends based off emotional needs
face to face
not specialised
bonds are relatively permanent
small
intimate
Secondary Groups
Less emotional
Focused on achieving a specific task
Formal Groups
common groups, reporting to a leader
task groups - solve problems
Informal Groups
Friendship groups - common characteristics
Interest groups - united for common interest
Group contexts
educational settings - schools
organisational settings - work teams
Healthcare - hospitals
community - correctional centres
Therapeutic - psych units
social
sport - lions
Task and relationships
task - groups defined task or purpose
Relationship - ways the group member related with one another to achieve the task
Too Much Relationship criteria =
conflict
loss of vital resources if members withdraw
feeling little satisfaction in achieving goals
quality of task outcomes may be lower than expected
High task focus could fracture relationships
Too Much Task criteria =
goal may not be achieved
avoidance of decision making to minimize conflict
may not embrace different opinions
may not learn how to resolve disagreements
norms may develop that encourage the avoidance of problems
high relationship focus could detract from task performance
Social Capital
degree to which people are linked in social relationships
Social Category
Perceptual Grouping of people who are assumed to be similar to one another in ways
Social Identity
Peoples sense of self derived from relationships and memberships in groups
Social Network
Set of inter personally interconnected individual or groups
Stereotype
A socially shared set of qualities, behavioural expectations
Composition
each person who belongs to a group defines, in part, the nature of the group
Group Work Disadvantages
Not everyone can be in a group
Confidentiality is more difficult to maintain
Harder to build trust and safety
not enough time to deal with each person thoroughly
group facilitators have less control than individual context
There are concerns that conformity and peer pressure
Scapegoating may occur
A disruptive person can cause harm to other members of the group
Group Work Advantages
Economy of approach
interpersonal power
commonality
effectiveness
Group Facilitation
The provision of opportunities, resources, encouragement and support for the group to succeed in achieving goals
A group Facilitator
Guide who helps member of a group move through a process together
not there to give opinions but to draw out opinions
neutral and never takes sides
Social Brain Hypothesis
humans advanced cognitive capacity evolved to meet the info demands of living in large groups
Boundaries
Groups boundaries define who is a member and who is not, open groups and social networks are more permeable than closed groups
A group Facilitator Key Functions
Attribution of meaning
caring
emotional stimulation
executive function
integration
keeping the group in the here and now
Size
The number of possible relations in a group increases exponentially as groups increase in size.
Interaction Process Analysis System (IPA)
Distinguishes between task interaction and relationship interaction
Interdependence
Groups create various types of dependencies among members (Unilateral, reciprocal)
Structure
Group Interaction is patterned by group structure, Including roles, norms, and interpersonal relations
Planned Groups
Concocted and founded
deliberately formed
Goals
Groups seek a variety of goals: Generating choosing negotiating and executing
Emergent Groups
Circumstantial and self organising
forms gradually over time
Group Cohesion
Unity of a group
development of strong and mutual interpersonal bonds among group members
Entitativity
Is the substantially influenced by common fate, similarity and proximity cues within aggregation
Group Structure
Norms, Values, and roles
Group Norms
Unwritten rules
accepted ways of behaving
govern how members interact and make decisions
accepted code of conduct
form the basis for group standards
what the group sees as normal
can help and hinder a group to achieve its goals
Descriptive norms
Norms which are stated
Injunctive norms
Things not stated
Norms in therapy groups
Desire for self understanding and exploration
Self Disclosure
Non judgemental acceptance of others
commitment to attendance
maintain confidentiality
Development
Explicit agreements
Primacy
Critical events in history
carryover behaviours form past situations
Technical Expert
Setting ground rules
Providing rationale
Enlisting Support
Model Setting
Role Model
Setting norms by example
non judgemental acceptance
Helpful Norms
Time
listening
confidentiality
decision making
participation
Expectations
Violations of group norms
Depends on what rule they broke
Norms - dictate behavior, standards and expectations
Values - Reflect shared beliefs about what is right and important to the group
Self Centered Roles
Aggressor or Blocker
Recognition seeker or self confessor
Dominator
Group Roles
Formal Roles
Informal Roles
Task Roles
Group building roles
Self Centered Roles
Group Values
Respect
acceptance
participation and inclusion
confidentiality
Group Building Roles
Encourager
Gatekeeper
Harmonizer
Compromise
Follower
Standard Setter
Task Roles
Initiator
info seeker
info giver
opinion seeker
opinion giver
coordinator
energizer
evaluator / critic
procedural technician and recorder
Other Challenging Roles
Monopolist
Silent Member
Distractor
Rescuer
Challenging Behaviours
underdeveloped group skills
Understand how groups work in therapy
members have low morale
leaders do not set therapeutic norms
low level of maturity
task is inappropriate
severe psych disorders
Intragroup Dynamics
Level of participation
Communication patterns
relationships between group members
nonverbal behavior
Feeling tone
Aroused or expressed feelings
Trust in groups
Competence
Benevolence
integrity
Improve Group Trust
Communication
Support
Respect
Fairness
Predictability
Competence
Factors to cohesion
Threat and completion
difficulty to entry
group size
similarity of attitudes and values
previous successes
time together
Assessing Cohesion
satisfaction
happiness to see others
any subgroups
quality and quantity of communication high or low
members turning up on time and staying to the end of meetings
do members talk inclusively about the group
Enhancing Cohesion
Smaller group
encourage agreement with group goals
increase the time members spend together
increase the status of the group and the perceived difficulty of attaining membership
Stimulate completion with other groups
give rewards to the group rather than individuals
physically isolated the group
Groupthink
Illusion of invulnerability
Collective rationalization
illusion of mortality
excessive stereotyping
pressure for conformity
self censorship
Illusion of unanimity
mind guards
Group development (Tuckman 1965)
Forming
Storming
Norming
Performing
Adjourning
