Final Exam

Question 1

________ has been described as a “transient state between liberty and commitment.”

Answer 1

Reentry

Question 2

States and counties pay approximately _______ or more annually to cover cost of holding each prisoner in a secure facility.

Answer 2

$25,000

Question 3

A Pew Center report stated that 40% of offenders are reimprisoned within ______ years.

Answer 3

3

Question 4

The conditional release of an offender from incarceration is called _______.

Answer 4

Parole

Question 5

When an offender is released from prison on parole, he or she is still considered the government’s responsibility. A concept that is referred to as ______.

Answer 5

Custody

Question 6

The foundational concept of parole in which the government may continue to incarcerate the prisoner, but instead extends the privilege of release, is known as _______.

Answer 6

Grace

Question 7

The governmental enters into an agreement with the prisoner whereby the prisoner promises to abide by certain conditions in exchange for being released is known as ________.

Answer 7

Contract

Question 8

The release of an inmate from prison to conditional supervision is referred to as ________ release.

Answer 8

Discretionary

Question 9

________ release occurs when an inmate has served his or her time.

Answer 9

Mandatory

Question 10

Prisoners who are released from prison after serving the maximum sentence and cannot be returned to prison for their current offense will receive an _________.

Answer 10

Expiration release

Question 11

State parole boards are typically composed of citizens who are appointed for fixed terms in office by the ________.

Answer 11

Governer

Question 12

Parole board hearings and interviews are much less _________ than court proceedings.

Answer 12

Formal

Question 13

Crime _________ have become much more important participants in the parole decision process in recent decades.

Answer 13

Victims

Question 14

The legally binding restrictions placed on parolees’ conduct in exchange for their release are know as _________.

Answer 14

Conditions of Release

Question 15

The release of inmates to attend college classes is known as _________ release.

Answer 15

Educational

Question 16

The release of inmates to work is known as ________ release

Answer 16

Work

Question 17

The temporary release of an inmate for a visit home is known as a(n) ________.

Answer 17

Furlough

Question 18

A parolee’s principal contact with the criminal justice system is through his or her __________.

Answer 18

Parole officer

Question 19

Some convicted felons live in a ________ while attending work during the day.

Answer 19

Halfway house

Question 20

NIMBY stands for ____ __ __ _____ _____, which means that housing facilities for parolees would be limited in certain neighborhoods.

Answer 20

Not in my back yard

Question 21

Parole officers enforcing the conditions of release on parolees are acting in the role of ______.

Answer 21

Cop (police)

Question 22

Parole officers working to find employment for parolees are acting in the role of ________.

Answer 22

Social Worker

Question 23

Released inmates can have great difficulty finding jobs after release, and some are not allowed to vote. These are referred to as _________ punishments.

Answer 23

Invisible

Question 24

If a parolee violates the conditions of his or her parole, their parole will be _______.

Answer 24

Revoked

Question 25

The likelihood of rules violations by released offenders is affected by the intensity and _________ of their supervision.

Answer 25

Duration

Question 26

Pepper spray and nightsticks are considered types of _______ weapons.

Answer 26

less-lethal

Question 27

Crimes committed through the use of computers or the Internet are classified as _____ ______.

Answer 27

Cyber Crime

Question 28

Some casinos use ________ recognition technology to identify people known to be skilled cheaters.

Answer 28

Facial

Question 29

The analysis of DNA allows people to be identified through their _______ patterns.

Answer 29

Gene

Question 30

The crime of ________ occurs when criminals steal the social security numbers of others personal use.

Answer 30

Identity theft

Question 31

Criminals who create fake currency and using it to purchase items are engaging in the crime of _______.

Answer 31

counterfeiting

Question 32

________ fingerprints are those not taken directly form suspects by police, but rather are obtained from evidence such as cups, glasses, weapons, and other surfaces.

Answer 32

Latent

Question 33

The federal ______ ____ _____ greatly expanded the number of offenders in the federal system who must submit DNA samples.

Answer 33

Justice for all act (Oct 2004)

Question 34

Jurors may be unwilling to convict unless there is scientific evidence linking the suspect to the crime. This is known as the ________ Effect.

Answer 34

CSI

Question 35

Bullets fired from guns have unique markings on them known as ________ fingerprints

Answer 35

Ballistic

Question 36

A backscatter x-ray machine makes passengers appear _____ when going through security at airports.

Answer 36

Naked

Question 37

_______ Information systems are used to identify the locations in which crime occurs.

Answer 37

Geographic

Question 38

The federal government passed the _____________ Act in October 2004, which expanded the number of offenders in the federal justice system who must submit DNA samples.

Answer 38

Justice For All

Question 39

The federal agency responsible for finding and seizing counterfeit drugs is the U.S. ___________.

Answer 39

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Question 40

American cities increasingly use ______ _____ at intersections to monitor and ticket people who run red lights.

Answer 40

Surveillance cameras

Question 41

The court case, _______ __ _______ ruled that law enforcement officials cannot examine a home with a thermal imaging device unless they obtain a warrant.

Answer 41

Kyllo v. United States (2001)

Question 42

The development of _____ _____ weapons has undoubtedly saved officers from firing bullets in situations where they previously would have.

Answer 42

less-lethal

Question 43

_____ ______ ______ is the computerization of court records, done to reduce reliance on paper documents.

Answer 43

Electric file management

Question 44

A ______ ______ is located near the ceiling above the jury box. It is used to display demonstrative exhibits.

Answer 44

Side camera

Question 45

A _______ ________ ________ uses wireless headphones are available for use by the hearing impaired or for language interpretations.

Answer 45

Hearing Assistance System

Question 46

Jurors can disrupt a trial and lead to a mistrial by posting to blogs and _______.

Answer 46

Social media

Question 47

The _____ ______ is a belief that TV dramas revolving around forensic science raise jurors' expectations about the use of scientific evidence in criminal cases.

Answer 47

CSI Effect

Question 48

Correctional officers have recently begun using _____ monitoring in order to prevent them from getting involved in fights prisons.

Answer 48

Electonic

Question 49

One aspect of technology that has created difficulties for correctional officials is the presence of smuggled ______ ______.

Answer 49

Cell phones

Question 50

Curfew violations and loitering are referred to as ________ crimes.

Answer 50

Youthful

Question 51

_______ and _______ are factors which explain violent youth crime.

Answer 51

Super predators;Environmental factors

Question 52

The Nation Youth Gang Survey estimates that there are more than 27,900 gangs, which ______ the amount of violent crime.

Answer 52

Increased

Question 53

The doctrine of _______ _______ means the state is the parent and guardian of all citizens who are unable to protect themselves.

Answer 53

Parens Patriae

Question 54

The idea that children should be treated differently from adults originated in the common law court of ______.

Answer 54

England

Question 55

The _________ period of juvenile justice viewed delinquent juveniles as evil.

Answer 55

Puritan

Question 56

During the _______ period children were to learn good work and study habits, live in a disciplined healthy environment.

Answer 56

Refuge

Question 57

The first law pertaining to juveniles in the United States was called the Massachusetts ____________ law.

Answer 57

Stubborn child

Question 58

_____ __ ______ extended due process rights to juveniles.

Answer 58

In re Gault

Question 59

________ ruled that the standard of proof in juvenile cases is proof beyond a responsible doubt.

Answer 59

In re Winship

Question 60

________ __ ______ (1971) ruled that juveniles do not have a constitutional right to a jury trial.

Answer 60

McKeiver v. Pennsylvania

Question 61

The first reform school in the U.S. opened in 1848 and was called the ______ School for Boys.

Answer 61

Lymen

Question 62

The term criminal behavior was replaced with _______ behavior during the Juvenile Court period.

Answer 62

Diliquent

Question 63

A ____________ is any act committed by a juvenile that is considered unacceptable for a child but is not considered a crime for an adult.

Answer 63

Status offense

Question 64

The punitive era of juvenile justice, which has lasted from 1980 to 2005, is known as the _________ period

Answer 64

Crime Control

Question 65

______ __ _______ (1984) ruled that juveniles may be held in preventative detention if they may commit additional crimes while awaiting their court date.

Answer 65

Schall v. Martin

Question 66

______ __ _______ (2005), the Court ruled that those individuals under 18 during the commission of the crime could not be sentenced to death.

Answer 66

Roper v. Simmons

Question 67

A child who committed an act that if committed by and adult would be criminal is considered a(n) ________.

Answer 67

Delinquent

Question 68

A child who is not receiving proper care because of action or inaction by his or her parent is considered a(n) _________ child.

Answer 68

Neglected

Question 69

The process of screening children out of the juvenile justice system without court decision is called _______.

Answer 69

Diversion

Question 70

A _________ hearing is a hearing by the juvenile court to determine if a juvenile should be detained or released prior to adjudication.

Answer 70

Detention

Question 71

When court officials _______ jurisdiction, they transfer the juvenile case to the adult court.

Answer 71

Waive

Question 72

________ facilities for juveniles include foster homes, group homes, camps, ranches and schools.

Answer 72

Non-secure

Question 73

The juvenile equivalent of parole is ________.

Answer 73

Aftercare

Question 74

The phenomenon of _______ _______ involves the use of computer, cell phones, and other electronic devices by youth to mistreat and harm their peers.

Answer 74

Cyber Bullying

Question 75

______ __ _______ (1975). Juveniles cannot be found delinquent in juvenile court and then transferred to adult court without a hearing on the transfer; to do so violates Double Jeopardy protections

Answer 75

Breed v. Jones