Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Crju 2100 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

________ has been described as a “transient state between liberty and commitment.”

A

Reentry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

States and counties pay approximately _______ or more annually to cover cost of holding each prisoner in a secure facility.

A

$25,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A Pew Center report stated that 40% of offenders are reimprisoned within ______ years.

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The conditional release of an offender from incarceration is called _______.

A

Parole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When an offender is released from prison on parole, he or she is still considered the government’s responsibility. A concept that is referred to as ______.

A

Custody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The foundational concept of parole in which the government may continue to incarcerate the prisoner, but instead extends the privilege of release, is known as _______.

A

Grace

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The governmental enters into an agreement with the prisoner whereby the prisoner promises to abide by certain conditions in exchange for being released is known as ________.

A

Contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The release of an inmate from prison to conditional supervision is referred to as ________ release.

A

Discretionary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

________ release occurs when an inmate has served his or her time.

A

Mandatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Prisoners who are released from prison after serving the maximum sentence and cannot be returned to prison for their current offense will receive an _________.

A

Expiration release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

State parole boards are typically composed of citizens who are appointed for fixed terms in office by the ________.

A

Governer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Parole board hearings and interviews are much less _________ than court proceedings.

A

Formal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Crime _________ have become much more important participants in the parole decision process in recent decades.

A

Victims

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The legally binding restrictions placed on parolees’ conduct in exchange for their release are know as _________.

A

Conditions of Release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The release of inmates to attend college classes is known as _________ release.

A

Educational

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The release of inmates to work is known as ________ release

A

Work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The temporary release of an inmate for a visit home is known as a(n) ________.

A

Furlough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A parolee’s principal contact with the criminal justice system is through his or her __________.

A

Parole officer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Some convicted felons live in a ________ while attending work during the day.

A

Halfway house

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

NIMBY stands for ____ __ __ _____ _____, which means that housing facilities for parolees would be limited in certain neighborhoods.

A

Not in my back yard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Parole officers enforcing the conditions of release on parolees are acting in the role of ______.

A

Cop (police)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Parole officers working to find employment for parolees are acting in the role of ________.

A

Social Worker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Released inmates can have great difficulty finding jobs after release, and some are not allowed to vote. These are referred to as _________ punishments.

A

Invisible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

If a parolee violates the conditions of his or her parole, their parole will be _______.

A

Revoked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The likelihood of rules violations by released offenders is affected by the intensity and _________ of their supervision.

A

Duration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Pepper spray and nightsticks are considered types of _______ weapons.

A

less-lethal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Crimes committed through the use of computers or the Internet are classified as _____ ______.

A

Cyber Crime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Some casinos use ________ recognition technology to identify people known to be skilled cheaters.

A

Facial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The analysis of DNA allows people to be identified through their _______ patterns.

A

Gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The crime of ________ occurs when criminals steal the social security numbers of others personal use.

A

Identity theft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Criminals who create fake currency and using it to purchase items are engaging in the crime of _______.

A

counterfeiting

32
Q

________ fingerprints are those not taken directly form suspects by police, but rather are obtained from evidence such as cups, glasses, weapons, and other surfaces.

A

Latent

33
Q

The federal ______ ____ _____ greatly expanded the number of offenders in the federal system who must submit DNA samples.

A

Justice for all act (Oct 2004)

34
Q

Jurors may be unwilling to convict unless there is scientific evidence linking the suspect to the crime. This is known as the ________ Effect.

A

CSI

35
Q

Bullets fired from guns have unique markings on them known as ________ fingerprints

A

Ballistic

36
Q

A backscatter x-ray machine makes passengers appear _____ when going through security at airports.

A

Naked

37
Q

_______ Information systems are used to identify the locations in which crime occurs.

A

Geographic

38
Q

The federal government passed the _____________ Act in October 2004, which expanded the number of offenders in the federal justice system who must submit DNA samples.

A

Justice For All

39
Q

The federal agency responsible for finding and seizing counterfeit drugs is the U.S. ___________.

A

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

40
Q

American cities increasingly use ______ _____ at intersections to monitor and ticket people who run red lights.

A

Surveillance cameras

41
Q

The court case, _______ __ _______ ruled that law enforcement officials cannot examine a home with a thermal imaging device unless they obtain a warrant.

A

Kyllo v. United States (2001)

42
Q

The development of _____ _____ weapons has undoubtedly saved officers from firing bullets in situations where they previously would have.

A

less-lethal

43
Q

_____ ______ ______ is the computerization of court records, done to reduce reliance on paper documents.

A

Electric file management

44
Q

A ______ ______ is located near the ceiling above the jury box. It is used to display demonstrative exhibits.

A

Side camera

45
Q

A _______ ________ ________ uses wireless headphones are available for use by the hearing impaired or for language interpretations.

A

Hearing Assistance System

46
Q

Jurors can disrupt a trial and lead to a mistrial by posting to blogs and _______.

A

Social media

47
Q

The _____ ______ is a belief that TV dramas revolving around forensic science raise jurors’ expectations about the use of scientific evidence in criminal cases.

A

CSI Effect

48
Q

Correctional officers have recently begun using _____ monitoring in order to prevent them from getting involved in fights prisons.

A

Electonic

49
Q

One aspect of technology that has created difficulties for correctional officials is the presence of smuggled ______ ______.

A

Cell phones

50
Q

Curfew violations and loitering are referred to as ________ crimes.

A

Youthful

51
Q

_______ and _______ are factors which explain violent youth crime.

A

Super predators;Environmental factors

52
Q

The Nation Youth Gang Survey estimates that there are more than 27,900 gangs, which ______ the amount of violent crime.

A

Increased

53
Q

The doctrine of _______ _______ means the state is the parent and guardian of all citizens who are unable to protect themselves.

A

Parens Patriae

54
Q

The idea that children should be treated differently from adults originated in the common law court of ______.

A

England

55
Q

The _________ period of juvenile justice viewed delinquent juveniles as evil.

A

Puritan

56
Q

During the _______ period children were to learn good work and study habits, live in a disciplined healthy environment.

A

Refuge

57
Q

The first law pertaining to juveniles in the United States was called the Massachusetts ____________ law.

A

Stubborn child

58
Q

_____ __ ______ extended due process rights to juveniles.

A

In re Gault

59
Q

________ ruled that the standard of proof in juvenile cases is proof beyond a responsible doubt.

A

In re Winship

60
Q

________ __ ______ (1971) ruled that juveniles do not have a constitutional right to a jury trial.

A

McKeiver v. Pennsylvania

61
Q

The first reform school in the U.S. opened in 1848 and was called the ______ School for Boys.

A

Lymen

62
Q

The term criminal behavior was replaced with _______ behavior during the Juvenile Court period.

A

Diliquent

63
Q

A ____________ is any act committed by a juvenile that is considered unacceptable for a child but is not considered a crime for an adult.

A

Status offense

64
Q

The punitive era of juvenile justice, which has lasted from 1980 to 2005, is known as the _________ period

A

Crime Control

65
Q

______ __ _______ (1984) ruled that juveniles may be held in preventative detention if they may commit additional crimes while awaiting their court date.

A

Schall v. Martin

66
Q

______ __ _______ (2005), the Court ruled that those individuals under 18 during the commission of the crime could not be sentenced to death.

A

Roper v. Simmons

67
Q

A child who committed an act that if committed by and adult would be criminal is considered a(n) ________.

A

Delinquent

68
Q

A child who is not receiving proper care because of action or inaction by his or her parent is considered a(n) _________ child.

A

Neglected

69
Q

The process of screening children out of the juvenile justice system without court decision is called _______.

A

Diversion

70
Q

A _________ hearing is a hearing by the juvenile court to determine if a juvenile should be detained or released prior to adjudication.

A

Detention

71
Q

When court officials _______ jurisdiction, they transfer the juvenile case to the adult court.

A

Waive

72
Q

________ facilities for juveniles include foster homes, group homes, camps, ranches and schools.

A

Non-secure

73
Q

The juvenile equivalent of parole is ________.

A

Aftercare

74
Q

The phenomenon of _______ _______ involves the use of computer, cell phones, and other electronic devices by youth to mistreat and harm their peers.

A

Cyber Bullying

75
Q

______ __ _______ (1975). Juveniles cannot be found delinquent in juvenile court and then transferred to adult court without a hearing on the transfer; to do so violates Double Jeopardy protections

A

Breed v. Jones

Crju 2100 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions