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Instructional Lab > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

When scanning a baby in the 2nd/3rd trimester, a heart rate of 110-180 BPM is not too concerning

A

True

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2
Q

3VTV consists of the 3W structures (pulmonary artery, AO, SVC) plus

A

trachea

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3
Q

Which will be closer to the anterior side of the baby

A

right ventricle

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4
Q

Which arises from the left ventricle, and is imaged in longitudinal plane

A

aortic arch

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5
Q

The aortic arch vs ductus arteriosus

A

will have branches off it

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6
Q

Which has the “whale tail” or “snail” like sonographic appearance

A

RVOT

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7
Q

In 2nd trimester, the typical average HR measures at

A

120-160 BPM

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8
Q

To image the 3VV, you should start here then move towards baby’s head

A

RVOT

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9
Q

You should be TRV on the fetal chest for this view

A

4CH

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10
Q

The heart apex should be pointed

A

45 degrees to the left

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11
Q

The heart should take up this much space in the thorax

A

1/3

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12
Q

Which heart chamber will always be closest to the spine

A

left atrium

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13
Q

Which prevents the blood from flowing back into the right atrium from the right ventricle during systole

A

tricuspid valve

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14
Q

To get an image of the LVOT, you should start here then move slightly towards baby’s head

A

4CH

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15
Q

The left ventricle is smaller because it contains the moderator band

A

False

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16
Q

The LVOT

A

gives rise to the aorta

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17
Q

3VV consists of the

A

pulmonary artery, aorta, SVC

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18
Q

Around 6-7 weeks, you can expect the fetal HR to be roughly

A

90 BPM

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19
Q

The foramen ovale

A

is the opening between the left and right atrium

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20
Q

The moderator band

A

connects the interventricular septum to the papillary muscle

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21
Q

When using M-mode, what is the best method/technique to help ensure you get an accurate waveform when obtaining fetal heartrate?

A

place sample gate on heart valve for maximum movement and better pattern

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22
Q

Which structure(s) should never be seen in a Stomach/Abdominal Circumference image?

A

kidneys, it means you’re inferior to the level on the fetus that you should be

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23
Q

Which two structures should be imaged in the Presentation image?

A

internal os of cervix and identifying part of fetus

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24
Q

Why is it important for the Situs images to be within a few seconds of each other?

A

to prove fetus hasn’t moved/rotated

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25
Q

To accurately obtain AFI quadrant measurements, how must the sonographer manipulate/hold the transducer?

A

transducer must be perpendicular to the floor for all 4 quadrant images

26
Q

Placental cord insertion should be imaged with color Doppler

A

True

27
Q

Fetal cord insertion should be imaged with color Doppler

A

False

28
Q

Which measurements constitute biometry?

A

Head circumference with biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference and femur length

29
Q

Before taking any heart images, sonographers should always look at the heart in the transverse chest to evaluate it for three different physical aspects. Those aspects are?

A

size is 1/3 of chest, pointed left and at a 45 degree angle

30
Q

Normally, the largest heart chamber is the ?

A

left ventricle

31
Q

What does a sonographer typically image to prove a 3 vessel umbilical cord exists?

A

transverse urinary bladder with color Doppler to show vessels bilaterally

32
Q

If the fetus has clenched fists throughout the exam, this is an indicator of Down syndrome

A

True

33
Q

What are the appropriate landmarks for an accurate head circumference/biparietal diameter measurement?

A

hypothalmus, falx cerebri and if possible cavum septum pellucidum

34
Q

What are the appropriate landmarks for an accurate abdominal circumference/stomach measurement?

A

spine, stomach, left portal vein, elongated ribs on sides

35
Q

Why is it best practice to image both legs together when the opportunity is presented?

A

to prove there are two

36
Q

When measuring femur length, it is most accurate to manipulate your transducer to have the bone horizontal onscreen. Of the two femurs that will be onscreen, which should be measured?

A

always the anterior presenting one

37
Q

When measuring lateral ventricle, it is most accurate to manipulate your transducer to have the head horizontal onscreen. Of the two ventricles onscreen, which should be measured?

A

always the posterior presenting one

38
Q

Which three measurements are taken at the level of the posterior fossa?

A

cerebellum, cisterna magna and nuchal fold

39
Q

What does a songrapher prove when imaging the edge of the placenta as it relates to the internal os of the cervix?

A

presence or absence of placenta previa

40
Q

It is mandatory to image bilateral ovaries during the 2nd and 3rd trimester anatomy exam.

A

False

41
Q

Which chamber of the heart is closest to the spine?

A

Lt atrium

42
Q

When is the most accurate time to ‘date’ a pregnancy?

A

Entire first trimester is the correct answer

43
Q

During a biophysical profile exam, a fetus must demonstrate one instance of _______________ seconds of breathing within the 30 minute exam.

A

30 sec

44
Q

During a biophysical profile exam, a fetus must demonstrate discrete body movements. How many movements must be demonstrated within the 30 minute exam?

A

3 movements

45
Q

Which structure is typically seen in the normal right ventricle of the fetal heart?

A

moderator band

46
Q

Fetal Breathing movements

A

One or more episodes of fetal breathing
lasting at least 30 seconds within 30 minutes.

47
Q

Gross Body
Movement

A

3 or more discrete body or limb movements within 30 minutes.

48
Q

Fetal Tone

A

One or more episodes of active extension and flexion of a fetal extremity OR opening and closing of the hand within 30 minutes.

49
Q

Amniotic Fluid
Volume e*

A

A single deepest vertical pocket of amniotic fluid measures greater than 2 centimeters is present.

50
Q

First-Trimester Ultrasound Examination

A

a. Confirmation of the presence of an intrauterine pregnancy3–5;
b. Evaluation of a suspected ectopic pregnancy6,7;
c. Defining the cause of vaginal bleeding;
d. Evaluation of pelvic pain;
e. Estimation of gestational (menstrual)c age;
f. Diagnosis or evaluation of multiple gestations;
g. Confirmation of cardiac activity;

51
Q

Second- and Third-Trimester Ultrasound Examination16–1

A

a. Screening for fetal anomalies19–22;
b. Evaluation of fetal anatomy;
c. Estimation of gestational (menstrual) age;
d. Evaluation of fetal growth;
e. Evaluation of vaginal bleeding;
f. Evaluation of abdominal or pelvic pain;
g. Evaluation of cervical insufficiency;
h. Determination of fetal presentation;
i. Evaluation of suspected multiple gestation;

52
Q

What is the main goal in obstetrical sonography for the sonographer?

A

Determine life (confirm viability)
•To exclude or include pathology/abnormalities

53
Q

Sperm meets Ovum (within first week)
•Forms zygote
•Undergoes cleavage
•Morula: 16+ cell stage
•Enters endometrial cavity
•Blastocyst - implants

A
54
Q

Layers of Decidua

A

Decidua Basalis (aka placentalis, interacts with trophoblast)
•Decidua Capularis (fuses with Parietalis @ 4th month)
•Decidua Parietalis (aka Vera, intermediate layer)

55
Q

Gestational Sac

A

Hypoechoic area surrounded by echogenic ring
•Eccentric location relative to the endometrium
•Location near the fundus
•Shape is round, oval, or crescent-shaped
•Smooth contours

56
Q

Gestational Sac
•Intradecidual sign

A

Eccentric location of GS adjacent to central endometrial
•Fundal location

57
Q

Double Sac Sign

A

Two hyperechoic curvilinear lines surrounding most of gestational sac separated by a hypoechoic fluid

58
Q

Yolk Sac

A

Provides nutrients to the embryo
•Initial site of hematopoiesis (RBC formation)
•Spherical membrane, echogenic and readily seen
•Constant in size
•Should not exceed 6 mm
•Measure inner to inner, A/P

59
Q

Crown Rump Length (CRL)

A

Considered to be the most accurate method of dating a pregnancy
•Measure from top of crown to bottom of rump

60
Q

Normal YS < 6 mm

A
61
Q

Mean sac diameter = L + AP + W / 3

A

Instructional Lab (1 decks)

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