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Principles 3 > Final exam > Flashcards

Final exam Flashcards

0
Q

What are the postural effects of wycke’s mechanoreceptor?

A

Type 1 mechanoreceptors project paracentral and parietal centers influencing postural and kinesthetic perception.

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1
Q

What are the reflexogenic effects of wycke’s mechanoreceptors?

A

Project to fusimotor fibers.
Affect muscle tone and stretch excitability.
Affect muscles above, below and contralaterally.

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2
Q

How does the stimulation of wycke’s mechanoreceptors effect pain?

A

Stimulation of mechanoreceptors inhibit pain (phasic response).

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3
Q

What do patients with chronic WAD injuries display?

A

Hyperactive upper trapezius.

Especially prominent in much slower return to relaxed state after activity.

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4
Q

What did Herzog observe?

A

via EMG, local muscular hypertonicity in symptomatic patients was largely abolished immediately after and adjustment.

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5
Q

What is Korr’s hypothesis?

A

Manipulation causes a barrage of impulses from the msl spindle afferents.
Which inhibits the “gain” within the system, restoring the back to normal so that the msl was not so predisposed to spasm.

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6
Q

What did sterling’s study find about cervical spine mobilization?

A

Activated deep flexor activity.

Decreased SCM EMG activity.

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7
Q

What can poor proprioceptive info lead to?

A

Faulty coordination and control.

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8
Q

Where is the highest density of mechanoreceptors?

A 
Upper cervicals (The "righting reflex").
Sacroiliac joints.
Foot and ankle.
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9
Q

What did Lehman, Vernon, and McGill hypothesize?

A

Manipulation may interrupt the pain-spasm cycle by down-regulating the central sensitization.

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10
Q

What were the results of Wyke’s study?

A

Distraction of the cervical facet joints produce simultaneous onset of EMG activity in selected forelimb msls.

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11
Q

What were the results of Leiblers study?

A

Grade 4 mobilization of T6-T12 resulted in increased isometric strength of lower traps.

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12
Q

What were the results of Yerys’ study?

A

Grade 4 hip mobilization resulted in a significant increase in hip extensor strength.

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13
Q

What is Revel’s test?

A

Laser on the head aimed at a target.

Repositioning error of less than or equal to 3 cm is normal.

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14
Q

What is Korr’s premise?

A

Joint dysfunction may maintain sensor, motor, and autonomic pathways in a state of FACILITATION.

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15
Q

What are facilitated pathways more susceptible to?

A

Exaggerated response under conditions of daily life.

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16
Q

What does facilitation of sensory pathways lead to?

A

Pain, paresthesia, hyperesthesia, and hyperalgesia.

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17
Q

What does facilitation of motor pathways lead to?

A

Sustained msl tension, postural asymmetries, limited and painful segmental motion.

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18
Q

What does facilitation of sympathetic pathways lead to?

A

Varies based on target organ.

Facilitated sweat glands, bronchioles, blood vessels to digestive organs, and smooth msl in GI tract.

19
Q

What are the segmental effects of joint dysfunction?

A

Local musculoskeletal symptoms and related visceral symptoms.

20
Q

What are the nonsegmental effects of joint dysfunction?

A

Drain all the bodies reserves making the organism more susceptible to postural demands of gravity and to illness in general.

21
Q

What is Korr’s neurologic lens?

A

Patient has joint dysfunction with no symptoms until they go under emotional stress which drives the dysfunction past the threshold and causes symptoms.

22
Q

What is sympathicotonia?

A

Condition in which sympathetic nervous system dominates the general functioning of the body organs.

23
Q

What are characteristics of sympatheticotonia?

A

Vascular spasm heightened BP, goosebumps, and activity of ciliospinal reflex.

24
Q

What is sympathetic burn out?

A

Sustained sympatheticotonia may fatigue out over time leading to opposite pathological expression.
(Makes the parasympathetic mask the sympathetic).

25
Q

What are the distant effects of sympathicotonia?

A

May alter target organ response to hormones.

26
Q

What is somatosomatic referral?

A

Irritated joints of msls in the body wall. Refers symptoms to another part of the body wall.

27
Q

What is somatosomatic reflex?

A

Irritated joints or msls in the body wall causes a reflex in the body wall.

28
Q

What is viscerosomatic referral?

A

Irritated organs leads to pain referral to soma.

29
Q

When should you consider visceral referred pain?

A

When history and physical suggest organ dysfunction.
When there are few, if any, musculoskeletal findings.
If there is a poor treatment response.

30
Q

What percentage of thoracic and lumbar dorsal horn neurons receive both somatic and visceral input?

A

75%

31
Q

Is there a specific group of neurons that respond only to visceral input?

A

NO

32
Q

What is viscerosomatic reflex?

A

Inflamed or irritated organ reflexively causes subluxation or msl spasm.

33
Q

What is somatovisceral referral?

A

Joint dysfunction or injured body wall mimics symptoms of organ.

34
Q

What can a joint dysfunction in the thoracic spine mimic?

A

May mimic angina.

35
Q

What is somatovisceral reflex?

A

Joint dysfunction or injured body wall causes visceral disease or dysfunctions.
(Type O disorder; organ lesion).

36
Q

Where does the pancreas refer pain to?

A

TL junction (broad)

37
Q

Where does the pelvis refer pain to?

A

Lumbosacral area.

38
Q

Where does the heart refer pain to?

A

Between scapula (wider).

39
Q

Where does the gallbladder refer to?

A

Below right scapula.

40
Q

Where does the esophagus refer to?

A

Between scapula (narrow).

41
Q

Does manipulation help with asthma?

A

34-36% improvement.

42
Q

Does manipulation help with dysmenorrhea?

A

No evidence supporting SMT over placebo, but leaning toward SMT being beneficial.

43
Q

Does manipulation help with migraine headaches?

A

Yes.

44
Q

Does manipulation help with hypertension?

A

No current evidence of longterm reduction.

45
Q

Does manipulation help with infant colic?

A

91% improvement.

Principles 3 (3 decks)

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