Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSY 658 Individual, Couple and Family Development > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

During adolescence, cliques are seen more with ____. They give a sense of ____.

A

Girls; identity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

During adolescences, mixed sex cliques _______ as (heterosexual) interests ______.

A

decrease; increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Adolescent social relationships:

What is more important to girls in their friendships? What is more important to guys in their friendships?

A

Emotional closeness; shared activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the purpose of dating among young adolescents?

A

Recreation and achieving peer status, not as much intimacy as between friends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Early dating is associated with…

A

Drug use

Delinquency

Academic difficulties

Physical and sexual abuse of dating partners

Uninvolved parents

Lesbian and gay youth facing additional difficulties due to prejudice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

According to Erikson, what stage of development are adolescents in?

A

Identity vs. Role confusion (5th stage): Adolescents exploring their identity and develop a sense of self. Also exploring their independence.

“Who am I?”

Role confusion: unsure of where they fit in, feeling confused about place in life, shallow/fleeting relationships and frequent job drifting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens during puberty?

A

Growth spirt: girls’ hips and boys’ shoulders broaden

Gradual improvements in gross motor performance for girls and dramatic gains for boys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Puberty begins _______ for girls

A

two years earlier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Boys have growth in _____ before the peak in growth

A

sex organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What brain changes occur during adolescence?

A

Gradual gains in cognitive skills

Brain’s emotion network outpaces development of prefrontal cortex: difficulty controlling emotions/impulses

Sleep deprivation due to brain changes: poor sleep, anxiety, depression, irritability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is meant by “imaginary audience” in adolescence?

A

When an adolescent perceives that everyone is watching them. An increased fear of doing something embarrassing from perceived scrutiny.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What impacts self-esteem in adolescents?

A

Pubertal timing, academic performance, peer acceptance, parenting style, and the larger social environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is identity moratorium?

A

Identity exploration without reaching commitment. This time can be an anxious and emotionally tense period as the adolescent experiments with different roles and explores various beliefs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What stage are adolescents in according to Piaget?

A

Formal Operational Stage!
- Deductive reasoning
- Evaluate logic of verbal statements (propositional thought)
-Abstract and systematic thinking
-Actual transition is gradual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

During the past 15 years, adolescents have swung slightly ___ toward more ___ sexual beliefs,

A

Back, conservative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What stage of development are young adults, according to Erikson?

A

Intimacy vs. Isolation!

“Can I form close relationships with others/find love?”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

After marriage, men ____ other sex friendships, but women _____ them

A

decrease; increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the sexual attitudes and behaviors of young adults?

A
  • More sexual partners than earlier generations, but less sexually active than media suggests
  • More accepting attitudes of same sex couples
  • STD prevalent through 20s, women more at risk for permanent consequences
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the triangular theory of love?

A

Passion, intimacy, commitment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What physical changes happen during young adulthood?

A
  • Declines in heart and lung performance during exercise
  • Athletic skills peak in early 20s
  • Immune response declines after age 20
  • Reproductive capacity for women and men decline with age
  • Heart disease leading cause of death
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does pragmatic thought allow for?

A

Logic becomes a tool for solving real-world problems, accept contradictions, imperfections, and compromise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the gender differences in professional achievement during young adulthood?

A

Women’s progress in male-dominated professions is slow; influenced by gender stereotypes and discrimination.

Non-college bound young adults in U.S. usually limited to low paid, unskilled jobs; many are unemployed

21
Q

What are factors contributing to divorce?

A
  • Younger age at marriage
    -Poor communication
    -Family history of divorce
    -American individualism
22
Q

What are the general attitudes and values during young adulthood?

A
  • Going to college or trade school
  • Seeking close intimate friendships/romantic relationships
  • Women and ethnic minorities: higher levels of religiosity
  • Identity development continues (esp during emerging adulthood)
  • Realistic period: young adults settle more on a category than specific occupation
23
Q

Gender difference in career development

A
  • Men’s career development usually continuous; women’s interrupted by family needs
24
Q

What are the symptoms of menopause?

A

Hot flashes, depressive episodes

25
Q

What are the physical changes of middle adulthood

A

Bone desnity declines (esp in women after menopause); heigh loss, bone fracture

Decrease in vision/weakening of eyes (presbyopia)

Hearing loss

Menopause

Sperm production continues but diminishes; more stimulation needed for erection

26
Q

What are the predictors of heart disease in middle adulthood?

A

Smoking, high cholesterol, sedentary lifestyle, not handling stress effectively

27
Q

What are the benefits of continuing education during middle adulthood?

A

Enhanced competencies, new relationships, reshaped life paths

28
Q

What life stage are middle adults in, according to Erikson?

A

Generativity vs. Stagnation! You know this, you studied this. Good job!

29
Q

Summarize Levinson’s Seasons of Life

A

Reconcile conflicts of:
young-old - The middle-aged person must seek new ways of being both young and old.

destruction-creation - (With greater awareness of mortality, the middle-aged person focuses on ways he or she has acted destructively. Take creation steps (volunteering, charity, mentoring, etc.)

masculinity-femininity - (The middle-aged person must better balance masculine and feminine parts of the self. Men open to feminine traits (nurturing), women open to masculine traits (assertiveness)

engagement-separateness - The middle-aged person must forge a better balance between engagement with the external world and separateness.

30
Q

Middle age adjust adjust ______ to divorce than younger adults

A

more easily

31
Q

How do parent-child relationships change during middle adulthood? Low SES vs. high SES?

A
  • Middle age parents adjust well to launching when parent-child relationship remains positive
  • Low SES parents less able to give tangible support for launching children but give intangible support
32
Q

What is the sandwich generation?

A
  • (often in middle adulthood) when you’re the caretaker for both your children and your aging parents
33
Q

What is the impact of health on cognitive functioning in middle adulthood?

A
  • The healthier you are, the better your cognition
  • Cognitive decline starts around 35 but modest gains in middle adulthood
  • Intellectual development is multidimentional and plastic, influenced by illness, environment, leisure pursuits, flexible personalities, marriage, health, economic factors
34
Q

What shortens life expectancy in late adulthood?

A
  • Poor nutrition, lack of access to medical treatment, disease, lifestyle factors, armed conflict
35
Q

Functional age vs. Chronological age

A
  • Chronological age does not always match functional age; people age at different rates
36
Q

What are the types of dementia? What is the most common type?

A

Alzheimer’s (most common) - often starts with memoery loss, but progresses to loss of speech and comprehension, personality changes

37
Q

What stage of development are late adults in, according to Erikson?

A

Ego Integrity vs. Despair!

38
Q

How can being a minority impact someone’s health?

A
  • Environmental racism
  • Minority + low SES = less access to resources
  • Racism in healthcare (resilient minority schema)
39
Q

What are the differences in religiosity between men and women in late adulthood?

A
  • Generally, people more religious/spiritual as they age
  • Religious involvement higher among women, people of low SES, and ethnic minorities
40
Q

Person over ____ have the highest rate of suicide.

A

85

41
Q

Factors that influence grandparent/grandchild relationship

A
  • Proximity, number of grandchildren, gender, in-law relationships, whether grandparents become primary caregivers
42
Q

What is Elder Abuse? What are the risk factors and prevention measures?

A
  • Maltreatment from family, friends, caregivers
  • Risk factors: dependence on perpetrator, perpetrator with psych disturbance, history of family violence, lack of institutional monitoring
    -Prevention: counseling, education, respite for caregivers; societal efforts to promote reporting
43
Q

Where do most Americans prefer to die?

A

Home

44
Q

How old are children when they can understand death?

A

6

45
Q

What is an advanced directive?

A

A will or other instructions someone gives in advance for when they die. This could also be funeral preferences.

46
Q

Difference between living will and durable power of attorney for healthcare?

A

Living will - advanced directive
Power of attorney - designated person who makes health decisions while person is still alive

47
Q

What are some facts about voluntary euthanasia?

A
  • Legal in 5 states
  • Support from public and physicians increasing
  • Concern that it will be applied involuntarily in vulnerable populations
48
Q

What is complicated grief?

A

Severe, prolonged distress lasting for more than 1 year

49
Q

Anticipatory Grief

A

Grieving while the person is still alive (such as they are dealing with a fatal illness)

50
Q

Grief vs. Mourning

A
  • Mourning is the outward behaviors surrounding grief
  • Grief is how one feels/emotional state
51
Q

Stages of death?

A

Agonal phase - heartbeat disintegrates

Clinical death - short interval in which resuscitation is still possible

Mortality - permanent death

52
Q

The study of death and dying is _______

A

Thanatology

PSY 658 Individual, Couple and Family Development (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions